It is through this clause and his position as Commander in Chief of the Spanish Armed Forces that King Juan Carlos undermined the attempted 23-F military coup in 1981.

This provision could be understood as allowing the king or his government ministers to exercise emergency authority in times of national crisis, such as when the king used his authority to back the government of the day and call for the military to abandon the 23-F coup attempt in 1981.

23-F was an attempted coup d ' état in Spain that began on 23 February 1981 and ended on the following day.

The king is also the commander in chief of the Spanish Armed Forces in which capacity he suppressed the 23-F Spanish coup d ' état attempt in February 1981.

The attempted coup known as 23-F, in which Lieutenant Colonel Antonio Tejero led an occupation by a group of Guardia Civil of the Congress of Deputies on the afternoon of 23 February 1981 failed, but demonstrated the existence of insurrectionary elements within the army.

Dacko's efforts to promote economic and political reforms proved ineffectual, and on 20 September 1981, he in turn was overthrown in a bloodless coup by General André Kolingba.

Alleged coup attempts in 1981 and 1983 raised little sympathy among the populace.

* 1981 – In Spain, Antonio Tejero attempts a coup d ' état by capturing the Spanish Congress of Deputies.

Doe overcame seven coup attempts between 1981 and 1985.

Morocco, occupying the northern half of Western Sahara and also involved in combat against Polisario, reacted with outrage, and launched a failed 1981 coup against the CMSN.

Prior to the December 1984 coup that brought Taya to power, the Mauritanian-Moroccan cooperation agency stated that relations between the two countries were on the mend in spite of alleged Moroccan complicity in a 1981 coup attempt and Mauritania's subsequent turn toward Algeria.

In August 1981, the Senegalese military was invited into The Gambia by President Dawda Kairaba Jawara to put down a coup attempt.

In August 1989, Senegalese-Gambian military cooperation, which began with the joint Senegalese-Gambian efforts during the 1981 coup attempt, ceased with the dissolution of the Senegambian Confederation.

Nonetheless his function as commander in chief and his role of the symbol of national unity have been exercised, most notably in the military coup of 23 February 1981, where king Juan Carlos I addressed the country on national television in military uniform, denouncing the coup and urging the maintenance of the law and the continuance of the democratically elected government, thus defusing the uprising.

* 1981 – A coup d ' état in the Central African Republic overthrows President David Dacko.

Bahrain-Iran relations have been strained since the Iranian Revolution and the 1981 discovery of a planned Iran-sponsored coup in Bahrain.

* Mike Hoare who was involved in the Congo Crisis in the early 1960s and a failed coup in Seychelles in 1981.

This action was also controversial, particularly since Dacko was Bokassa ’ s cousin and had appointed Bokassa as head of the military, and unrest continued in the Central African Republic, leading to Dacko being overthrown in another coup in 1981.

Juan Carlos ' " quick wit and steady nerve " cut short the attempted military coup in 1981 when the king used a specially designed command communications center in the Zarzuela Palace to denounce the coup and command the military's eleven captain-generals to stand down.

It has the dubious distinction of having been used as the operational headquarters and residence of General Chitpatima who attempted a coup, in 1981.

Following Dacko's ouster by André Kolingba in September 1981, Bozizé was appointed Minister of Communications, but fled to the north of the country with 100 soldiers after his involvement in a failed coup attempt led by Ange-Félix Patassé on 3 March 1982, in which he accused Kolingba of treason and proclaimed the change of power on Radio Bangui.

Examples of this argument being used often include the 1981 April Fool's Day Coup in Thailand and the El Tejerazo coup in Spain when King Bhumibol and King Juan Carlos I respectively stepped in to restore democracy in their countries.

Zhivkov survived the Sino-Soviet split, Khrushchev's fall in late 1964, an attempted Stalinist-Maoist coup d ’ état in 1965, his daughter Lyudmila Zhivkova's death in 1981, Brezhnev's death in 1982, and Mikhail Gorbachev's post-1985 reforms.

Viola found his maneuvering space greatly reduced, and was ousted by a military coup in December 1981, led by the Commander-in-Chief of the Army, Lieutenant General Leopoldo Galtieri, who soon became President.

* 1892 – Donald Wills Douglas, Sr., American aviation industrialist ( d. 1981 )

* 1892 – Lowell Thomas, American writer ( d. 1981 )

* 1895 – Andreas Alföldi, Hungarian historian and archaeologist ( d. 1981 )

* 1933 – Joke Smit, Dutch activist and politician ( d. 1981 )

* 1901 – Stefan Wyszyński, Polish cardinal ( d. 1981 )

* 1901 – Ann Harding, American actress ( d. 1981 )

* 1915 – James Elliott, American track and field coach ( d. 1981 )

* 1913 – Paul Dean, American baseball player ( d. 1981 )

* 1924 – Rangjung Rigpe Dorje, 16th Karmapa, Tibetan spiritual leader ( d. 1981 )

* 1895 – Albert Cohen, Swiss novelist ( d. 1981 )

* 1889 – Zerna Sharp, American author and educator ( d. 1981 )

* 1897 – Maurice Fernandes, Guyanese cricketer ( d. 1981 )

* 1907 – Benjamin Henry Sheares, Singaporean politician, 2nd President of Singapore ( d. 1981 )

* 1914 – Ruth Lowe, Canadian pianist and songwriter ( d. 1981 )

* 1900 – Hans Adolf Krebs, German physician and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1981 )

* 1981 – Clare Oliver, Australian activist ( d. 2007 )

* 1940 – Mike Hailwood, British motorcycle racer ( d. 1981 )

* 1894 – Karl Böhm, Austrian conductor ( d. 1981 )

* 1901 – Roy Wilkins, American activist ( d. 1981 )

* 1903 – Bhagwati Charan Verma Indian author ( d. 1981 )

* 1930 – Noel Harford, New Zealand cricketer ( d. 1981 )

* 1902 – Giuseppe Pella, Italian politician, 32nd Prime Minister of Italy ( d. 1981 )

* 1904 – Pigmeat Markham, American comedian ( d. 1981 )

* 1917 – Frederika of Hanover, Queen Consort of Greece ( d. 1981 )

* 1918 – William Holden, American actor ( d. 1981 )