While Eddy's Manual established limited executive functions under the rule of law in place of a traditional hierarchy, the controversial 1991 publication of a book by Bliss Knapp led the then Board of Directors to make the unusual affidavit during a suit over Knapp's estate that neither acts by it violating the Manual, nor acts refraining from required action, constituted violations of the Manual.

__NOTOC__The current Political Constitution of the Republic of Chile, approved by Chilean voters in a controversial and tightly controlled plebiscite on September 11, 1980, under the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet, partially effective March 11, 1981, fully effective 11 March 1990 and amended considerably on August 17, 1989 ( via referendum ) and on September 22, 2005 ( legislatively ), and also in 1991, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010, replaced the earlier constitution of 1925.

With the release of the Linux kernel in 1991, the primary user of GNU's userland components soon became operating systems based on the Linux kernel ( Linux distributions ), prompting the coining of the controversial term GNU / Linux.

As reported in several studies, the media have depicted cults as problematic, controversial, and threatening from the beginning, tending to favor sensationalistic stories over balanced public debates ( Beckford, 1985 ; Richardson, Best, & Bromley, 1991 ; Victor, 1993 ).

In the 1991 Louisiana gubernatorial election, controversial white supremacist David Duke, running as a Republican, unexpectedly made his way to second place in the state's jungle primary.

In the 1990s, he presented the visually spectacular Prospero's Books ( 1991 ), the controversial The Baby of Mâcon ( 1993 ), The Pillow Book ( 1996 ), and 8½ Women ( 1999 ).

After a two-year consultation process, the park was renamed Grampians ( Gariwerd ) National Park in 1991, however this controversial formality was reversed after a change of state government in 1992.

The newsgroup alt. religion. scientology ( often abbreviated a. r. s or ARS ) is a Usenet newsgroup started in 1991 to discuss the controversial beliefs of Scientology, as well as the Church of Scientology, which claims exclusive intellectual property rights thereto and is viewed by many as a dangerous cult.

The flag was officially adopted on June 27, 1991, following a long and controversial dispute about the coat of arms of the new Republic.

Funding for the alterations was raised partly through the controversial sale of masterworks by the foundation in 1991.

In 1990, he played Jimmy Jump in the controversial King of New York, and in 1991, Fishburne starred in Boyz n the Hood.

After leaving the Rank Organisation in the early 1960s, Bogarde abandoned his heart-throb image for more challenging parts, such as barrister Melville Farr in Victim ( 1961 ), directed by Basil Dearden ; decadent valet Hugo Barrett in The Servant ( 1963 ), which garnered him a BAFTA Award, directed by Joseph Losey and written by Harold Pinter ; The Mind Benders ( 1963 ), a film ahead of its times in which Bogarde plays an Oxford professor conducting sensory deprivation experiments at Oxford University ( precursor to Altered States ( 1980 )); the anti-war film King & Country ( 1964 ), playing an army lawyer reluctantly defending deserter Tom Courtenay, directed by Joseph Losey ; a television broadcaster-writer Robert Gold in Darling ( 1965 ), for which Bogarde won a second BAFTA Award, directed by John Schlesinger ; Stephen, a bored Oxford University professor, in Losey's Accident, ( 1967 ) also written by Pinter ; Our Mother's House ( 1967 ), an off-beat film-noir directed by Jack Clayton in which Bogarde plays an n ' er do well father who descends upon " his " seven children on the death of their mother, British entry at the Venice Film Festival ; German industrialist Frederick Bruckmann in Luchino Visconti's La Caduta degli dei, The Damned ( 1969 ) co-starring Ingrid Thulin ; as ex-Nazi, Max Aldorfer, in the chilling and controversial Il Portiere di notte, The Night Porter ( 1974 ), co-starring Charlotte Rampling, directed by Liliana Cavani ; and most notably, as Gustav von Aschenbach in Morte a Venezia, Death in Venice ( 1971 ), also directed by Visconti ; as Claude, the lawyer son of a dying, drunken writer ( John Gielgud ) in the well-received, multi-dimensional French film Providence ( 1977 ), directed by Alain Resnais ; as industrialist Hermann Hermann who descends into madness in Despair ( 1978 ) directed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder ; and as Daddy in Bertrand Tavernier's Daddy Nostalgie, ( aka These Foolish Things ) ( 1991 ), co-starring Jane Birkin as his daughter, Bogarde's final film role.

In 1991 they organized a controversial North American tour in double-act with Public Enemy.

Other controversial events in this scene include the suicide of former Mayhem vocalist Per Yngve " Dead " Ohlin in 1991, and the murder of a homosexual man in Lillehammer, Norway by then-Emperor drummer Bard " Faust " Eithun in 1992.

Most controversial of all, on 15 December 2004, a few days before the end of his last term, Iliescu pardoned 47 convicts, including Miron Cozma, the leader of the miners during the early 1990s, who had been sentenced in 1999 to 18 years in prison in conjunction with the 1991 Mineriad.

Elected as secretary-general, the top post of the UN, in 1991, Boutros-Ghali's term in office remains controversial.

The presupposition is that scribes would more often replace odd words and hard sayings with more familiar and less controversial ones, than vice versa ( Carson 1991 ).

The release of Il Capitano: A Swedish Requiem ( Il Capitano, 1991 ) became controversial since the film is based upon a true story ; the brutal murder of a Swedish family just a few years earlier ( see Juha Valjakkala ).

Warren also mentions Leon Rubin's 1984 Ontario production ( where the controversial line was altered to " All my love to Silvia I also give to thee "), David Thacker's 1991 Swan Theatre production, and the 1983 BBC Shakespeare television adaptation as supporting the theory that Valentine is not giving Silvia away, but is simply promising to love Proteus as much as he loves Silvia.

" Other controversial cases included the War Crimes Act case ( 1991 ), regarding the validity of the War Crimes Act 1945 ; Dietrich v The Queen ( 1992 ), in which the court found that a lack of legal representation in a serious criminal case can result in an unfair trial ; Sykes v Cleary ( 1992 ), regarding the disputed election of Phil Cleary ; and Teoh's case ( 1995 ), in which the court held that ratification of a treaty by the executive could create a legitimate expectation that members of the executive would act in accordance with that treaty.

On March 21, 1991, Tatsumi Fujinami defeated Flair in a controversial match in Tokyo at the WCW / New Japan Supershow.

Martel's time in cabinet proved unexpectedly controversial, and was nearly ended by two separate controversies in 1991.

His controversial 1991 work, Forward!

Since its founding in 1991, it has been led by the charismatic and controversial figure Vladimir Zhirinovsky.

2nd Edition ( 1991 ) with additional third author Frangois Ochsenbein, 2 volumes, LCCN 91026764.

* 1910 – Russell Lynes, American art historian, photographer, author and managing editor of Harper's Magazine ( d. 1991 )

* 1909 – Ronald McKie, Australian author ( d. 1991 )

* 1900 – Seán Ó Faoláin, Irish author ( d. 1991 )

The term was popularized by Canadian author Douglas Coupland's 1991 novel, Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture, concerning young adults during the late 1980s and their lifestyles.

Charles Henry Goren ( March 4, 1901 – April 3, 1991 ) was a world champion American bridge player and bestselling author who contributed significantly to the development and popularization of the game following upon the heels of Ely Culbertson in the 1940s and rising to prominence in the 1950s to the early 1960s.

In 1991, Australian author and playwright Larry Buttrose wrote and staged a theatrical production of Kurtz ( based on Heart of Darkness ) with the Crossroads Theatre Company, Sydney.

* 1905 – Irving Johnson, American sailor and author ( d. 1991 )

* 1938 – John Bellairs, American mystery author ( d. 1991 )

* 1904 – Dr. Seuss ( Theodor Seuss Geisel ), American author ( d. 1991 )

* 1907 – Jack Schaefer, American author ( d. 1991 )

In the 1991 book Presumed Guilty: When Innocent People Are Wrongly Convicted, author Martin Yant discusses the use of coercion in plea bargaining.

Robert Maynard Pirsig ( born September 6, 1928 ) is an American writer and philosopher, and author of the philosophical novels Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance: An Inquiry into Values ( 1974 ) and Lila: An Inquiry into Morals ( 1991 ).

* May 15 – Max Frisch, Swiss author ( d. 1991 )

* March 2 – Dr. Seuss, American children's author ( The Cat in the Hat ) ( d. 1991 )

* July 14 – Natalia Ginzburg, Italian author ( d. 1991 )

* December 2 – Russell Lynes, American art historian, photographer and author ( d. 1991 )

“ The magazine is written by young people pretending to be old people ... If American readers got a look at the pimply complexions of their economic gurus, they would cancel their subscriptions in droves ” quipped American author Michael Lewis in 1991.

A more sympathetic serial murderer appears in the later novel The Count of Eleven ( 1991 ), which displays Campbell's gift for word play, and which the author has said is disturbing " because it doesn't stop being funny when you think it should ".

* The Vampire Diaries series by L. J. Smith ( author ) ( 1991 –).

The Sweet Hereafter is a 1991 novel by American author Russell Banks.

They also had a son, Jiří, ( born 12 March 1915 in Prague ; died 5 April 1991 in Prague ) who later became a journalist, writer, screenwriter, author of autobiographical novels and studies of the works of his father.

In the 1991 book entitled The Campus as a Work of Art, author Thomas Gaines named the Bloomington campus one of the five most beautiful in America.

* John Bellairs ( 1938 – 1991 ), author of horror fiction for children and young adults