Tombs of the Kings ( Jerusalem ) from a 19th-century lithograph by William Henry Bartlett.

* Shalom Sharabi, 18th / 19th-century Yemenite Sage, Kabbalist and founder of the Beit El Yeshiva, Jerusalem

During the Crusader-Ayyubid wars, Deir al-Balah was the site of a strategic coastal fortress known as " Darum " which was continuously contested, dismantled and rebuilt by both sides until its final demolition in 1196 ; after this the site grew to become a large village on the postal route in the Mamluk era from the 13th to 15th-centuries and served as a episcopal see of the Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem in Ottoman times until the late 19th-century.

The building, which is 19th-century, was originally part of a missionary college.

Additionally, the college incorporates several former residences into its campus, including the Victorial Stick Style admissions building ( Wright House ), a circa-1840s Gothic Revival style public safety building, a 19th-century Greek Revival art studio, and a circa-1890s building housing a cafe and administrative offices ( Morrill House ).

" The design of the college was meant to reference an early 19th-century New England town hall, and the college's brick work with white trim, green shutters, and hand-hewn dining hall beams are all of Federal inspiration.

Ginsberg wrote in his journal at the time: “ Know these words, and you speak the Carr language: fruit, phallus, clitoris, cacoethes, feces, foetus, womb, Rimbaud .” It was Carr who first introduced Ginsberg to the poetry and the story of Arthur Rimbaud, the 19th-century French poet whose youthful brilliance, decadent style and early death make him an enduring favorite among college students.

The college was founded as the Missionary Training Institute in New York City in 1882 by Albert B. Simpson, a 19th-century Christian evangelist and founder of the Christian and Missionary Alliance ( C & MA ).

In addition to his scientific work, he was a social activist who was critical of what he considered to be an unjust social and economic system in 19th-century Britain.

Among the changes starting in the 19th-century gold rushes was the introduction of words, spellings, terms and usages from North American English.

To many 19th-century Europeans, this was scandalous.

Their accuracy has been called into question, however ( e. g., by Chauncey Brewster Tinker in The Translations of Beowulf, a comprehensive survey of 19th-century translations and editions of Beowulf ), and the extent to which the manuscript was actually more readable in Thorkelin's time is unclear.

Present-day written Bulgarian language was standardized on the basis of the 19th-century Bulgarian vernacular.

It has also been suggested that 19th-century bunyip lore was reinforced by imported European memories, such as that of the Irish Púca.

In 1998, Pensacola Christian College produced a widely distributed videotape, arguing that this " leaven of fundamentalism " was passed from the 19th-century Princeton theologian Benjamin B. Warfield ( 1851 – 1921 ) to Charles Brokenshire ( 1885 – 1954 ), who served BJU as Dean of the School of Religion, and then to current BJU faculty members and graduates.

Classical philology was a major preoccupation of the 19th-century German

By the mid-20th century, the number of examples of people skipping stages, such as going from hunter-gatherers to post-industrial service occupations in one generation, were so numerous that 19th-century evolutionism was effectively disproved.

The game was viewed as a rather innocuous pastime – unlike the perception that diversions such as card playing or dancing were considered " works of the Devil " as held by many 19th-century Protestant groups.

Others believe it was a corrupted term of " Chilango ", meaning an inhabitant from Mexico City or Central Mexico ( i. e. the highland states of Mexico ( state ), Jalisco, Puebla ( state ) and Michoacán ); and even from the term " Chileno " by the Chilean presence in mid 19th-century California, when miners from Chile arrived in the California Gold Rush ( 1848 – 51 ).

The term classical liberalism was applied in retrospect to distinguish earlier 19th-century liberalism from the newer social liberalism.

* Gradačac Castle is a citadel, also a palace of Husein " Dragon Of Bosnia " Gradaščević who was a renowned 19th-century military Bosnian Captain, overlooking the historic core of Gradačac-National monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The French bow was not widely popular until its adoption by 19th-century virtuoso Giovanni Bottesini.

Historically, especially in late 18th-and early 19th-century Britain, a dandy, who was self-made, often strove to imitate an aristocratic lifestyle despite coming from a middle-class background.

" One of Lenin's challenges was distancing materialism, as a viable philosophical outlook, from the " vulgar materialism " expressed in the statement " the brain secretes thought in the same way as the liver secretes bile " ( attributed to 18th c. physician Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis, 1757 – 1808 ); " metaphysical materialism " ( matter composed of immutable particles ); and 19th-century " mechanical materialism " ( matter as random molecules interacting per the laws of mechanics ).

Edvard Munch (; 12 December 1863 – 23 January 1944 ) was a Norwegian painter and printmaker whose intensely evocative treatment of psychological themes built upon some of the main tenets of late 19th-century Symbolism and greatly influenced German Expressionism in the early 20th century.

Unlike most of the visual arts, opera was commercially profitable, accessible to most classes of society, and thus an effective means of reaching the 19th-century public.

As Greenwich Village was once a rural hamlet, to the north of the 17th century European settlement on Manhattan Island, its street layout is more haphazard than the grid pattern of the 19th-century grid plan ( based on the Commissioners ' Plan of 1811 ).

The piece was an extravaganza in which the classical Greek gods, grown elderly, are temporarily replaced by a troupe of 19th-century actors and actresses, one of whom is the eponymous Thespis, the Greek father of the drama.

Apart from some western troupes ' 19th-century visits, the first professional performance of Hamlet in Japan was Otojiro Kawakami's 1903 Shimpa (" new school theatre ") adaptation.

Another political issue in 19th-century Greece was uniquely Greek: the language question.

The modern sophisticated instrument spanning 6½ octaves in virtually all keys was perfected by the 19th-century French maker Sébastien Érard and because of its pedal-driven ability to play all sharps and flats of all notes within its range, it continues today as the standard style of most large professional concert harps.

The emancipation of the serfs in 1861 was the single most important event in 19th-century Russian history.

In German, the very old word " Bairisch ", referring to the language, is typically differentiated from the 19th-century term " Bayerisch ", which refers to the state of Bavaria.

These names typically come from 19th-century explorers, important politicians or geographic regions.

Phaeton ( also Phaéton ) is the early 19th-century term for a sporty open carriage drawn by a single horse or a pair, typically with four extravagantly large wheels, very lightly sprung, with a minimal body, fast and dangerous.

A 19th-century community of the Métis people of Canada, the Anglo-Métis, more commonly known as Countryborn, were children of fur traders ; they typically had Orcadian, Scottish, or English fathers and Aboriginal mothers.

A 19th-century example of barter: A sample labor for labor note for the Cincinnati Time Store.

Although 19th-century ethnologists saw " diffusion " and " independent invention " as mutually exclusive and competing theories, most ethnographers quickly reached a consensus that both processes occur, and that both can plausibly account for cross-cultural similarities.

Hedonism, for example, teaches that this feeling is pleasure — either one's own, as in egoism ( the 17th-century English philosopher Thomas Hobbes ), or everyone's, as in universalistic hedonism, or utilitarianism ( the 19th-century English philosophers Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill, and Henry Sidgwick ), with its formula of the " greatest pleasure of the greatest number.

Some 19th-century or earlier experimental engines used external flames, exposed by valves, for ignition, but this becomes less attractive with increasing compression.

Dostoevsky shows the effect of betting money for the chance of gaining more in 19th-century Europe.

A new code of ethics for 19th-century gentlemen was shaped around the chivalric ideals that the " Arthur of romance " embodied.

It was only in the 19th-century Victorian era that the system of named tartans known today began to be systematically recorded and formalized, mostly by weaving companies for mercantile purposes.

A major 19th-century engineering achievement was The Crystal Palace, the huge cast-iron and plate glass exhibition hall built for The Great Exhibition of 1851 in London.

Modernism reversed the 19th-century relationship of public and private: in the 19th century, public buildings were horizontally expansive for a variety of technical reasons, and private buildings emphasized verticality — to fit more private space on increasingly limited land.

In 19th-century Europe, the expansion of the rail transport networks was at first largely a matter for private railway companies, but gradually came under control of the national governments.

The Pacific fleet flagship is the cruiser BAP Almirante Grau ( CLM-81 ), named for the 19th-century Peruvian Admiral who fought in the War of the Pacific ( 1879 – 1883 ).

A concentration camp for perceived enemies was set up in Fort VII, one of the 19th-century perimeter forts ( the camp was later moved to Żabikowo south of Poznań ).

In November, 2003, it was announced that pathological anatomists would be exhuming Petrarch's body from his casket in Arquà Petrarca, in order to verify 19th-century reports that he had stood 1. 83 meters ( about six feet ), which would have been tall for his period.

In Scandinavia and the Slavic parts of Europe especially, " national romanticism " provided a series of answers to the 19th-century search for styles that would be culturally meaningful and evocative, yet not merely historicist.

In the early 19th-century, " socialism " referred to any concern for the social problems of capitalism irrespective of the solutions to those problems.

However, by the late 19th-century, " socialism " had come to signify opposition to capitalism and advocacy for an alternative system based on some form of social ownership.

During most of the 19th-century in fact, the term " tennis " referred to real tennis, not lawn tennis: for example, in Disraeli's novel Sybil ( 1845 ), Lord Eugene De Vere announces that he will " go down to Hampton Court and play tennis.

Writing for the majority, Justice Rehnquist rejected the appellants argument for the common law's protection of property against trespass, writing that such an interpretation would " represent a return to the era of Lochner v. New York,, when common-law rights were also found immune from revision ... would freeze the common law as it has been constructed by courts, perhaps at its 19th-century state of development.

Pioneering 19th-century scholarly editions of the Viking Age began to reach a small readership in Britain, archaeologists began to dig up Britain's Viking past, and linguistic enthusiasts started to identify the Viking-Age origins for rural idioms and proverbs.

The galleria is covered by an arching glass and cast iron roof, a popular design for 19th-century arcades, such as the Burlington Arcade in London, which was the prototype for larger glazed shopping arcades, beginning with the Saint-Hubert Gallery in Brussels and the Passazh in St Petersburg.

It served as a vital link for trade, commerce and travel that joined the eastern and western halves of the late 19th-century United States.

L ' elisir d ' amore, a comedy produced in 1832, came soon after, and is deemed one of the masterpieces of 19th-century opera buffa ( as is his Don Pasquale, written for Paris in 1843 ).