According to Arab tradition, the ensuing war pushed Ghana over the edge, ending the kingdom's position as a commercial and military power by 1100, as it collapsed into tribal groups and chieftaincies, some of which later assimilated into the Almoravids while others founded the Mali Empire.

measure of Muhammad was necessary to curb the cruel tradition in the then Arab society of misusing handmaiden as concubine for sexual pleasures and later refuting her due rights and that of her children.

In addition, some portion of the Arithmetica probably survived in the Arab tradition ( see above ).

His knowledge of optics was connected to the handed-down long-standing tradition of the Kitab al-manazir ( The Optics ; De aspectibus ) of the Arab polymath Alhazen ( Ibn al-Haytham, d. c. 1041 ), which was mediated by Franciscan optical workshops of the 13th-century Perspectivae traditions of scholars such as Roger Bacon, John Peckham and Witelo ( similar influences are also traceable in the third commentary of Lorenzo Ghiberti, Commentario terzo ).

Another name for Mecca, or the wilderness and mountains surrounding it, according to Arab and Islamic tradition, is Faran or Pharan, referring to the Desert of Paran mentioned in the Old Testament.

Arab and Islamic tradition holds that the wilderness of Paran, broadly speaking, is the Hijaz and the site where Ishmael settled was Mecca.

The Arabic name for Nazareth is an-Nāṣira, and Jesus (, Yasū ` or, ` Īsā ) is also called an-Nāṣirī, reflecting the Arab tradition of according people a nisba, a name denoting from whence a person comes in either geographical or tribal terms.

Kaleb sent a fleet across the Red Sea and was able to defeat Dhu Nuwas, who was killed in battle according to an inscription from Husn al-Ghurab, while later Arab tradition has him riding his horse into the sea.

According to Arab tradition, Petra is the spot where Moses ( Musa ) struck a rock with his staff and water came forth, and where Moses ' brother, Aaron ( Harun ), is buried, at Mount Hor, known today as Jabal Haroun or Mount Aaron.

Such an identity emphasizes its Arab and Islamic cultural tradition rather than its French colonial past.

Another large tradition of using the Golden Eagle can be found in the Arab world, where the eagle is historically a symbol of power in Arabic poetry, and was according to legend the personal emblem of Saladin.

The rebab was adopted as a key instrument in Arab classical music and in Morocco a tradition of Arabo-Andalusian music has been kept alive by descendants of Muslims who left Spain as refugees following the Reconquista.

The following list consists of notable concepts that are derived from both Islamic and Arab tradition, which are expressed as words in the Arabic language.

Moorish architecture has its roots deeply established in the Arab tradition of architecture and design established during the era of the first Caliphate of the Umayyads in the Levant circa 660AD with its capital Damascus having very well preserved examples of fine Arab Islamic design and geometrics, including the carmen, which is the typical Damascene house, opening on the inside with a fountain as the house's centre piece.

Arab socialism is distinct from the much broader tradition of socialist thought in the Arab world, which predates Arab socialism by as much as fifty years.

Muhammad approved and exhorted certain aspects of the Arab pre-Islamic tradition, such as the care for one ’ s near kin, for widows, orphans, and others in need and for the establisent of justice.

This move was supposedly dictated both by security concerns about terrorists targeting Italy if the United States had had it their way, and by the Italian tradition of diplomacy with the Arab world.

Special vertical flags are manufactured where both the inscription ( the creed ) and the emblem ( the sword ) are rotated, although this is rare as most Arab countries lack the tradition of hoisting flags vertically.

Moreover, the Porte accepted Ismail's alteration of the royal line of succession to go from father to son, rather than brother to brother, as was the tradition in the Ottoman Empire, and Arab dynasties.

The music of the United Arab Emirates stems from the Persian Gulf khaleeji tradition, and from Bedouin folk music.

There is a necessary clarification that Sarah was not annoyed with Hagar but it was only the order from Allah that Abraham bring them in the Arab Desert.

And now had come a flood of Arab invaders, sons of Hagar, who had swept away the city and carried all its inhabitants captive.

The Hand in Hand: Center for Jewish Arab Education in Israel runs four bilingual schools, and the Neve Shalom peace village also hosts a local school.

The Democratic Front for Peace and Equality );, al-Jabhah ad-Dimuqrāṭiyyah lis-Salām wa ' l-Musāwah ) is a Jewish and Arab socialist front of organizations that runs for the Israeli parliament.

Earlier in April during that year in Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates, he had taken 4 wickets for 25 runs against Kenya during the match.

Currently, the company runs more than 500 shops nationwide and has expanded its operations into locations such as Turkey and the United Arab Emirates.

The Main runs through many of Montreal's ethnic communities, a first stop for immigrant communities for over 100 years — initially Jewish, Chinese and Italian, and later Portuguese, Greek, Arab, Haitian and others.

In the final they met the hosts, the United Arab Emirates, whom they defeated by 84 runs.

** Openness Euphoria, 1974 – 1982 during which policies were introduced to encourage Arab and foreign investment through a series of incentives and liberalizing trade and payment ; the economy expanded but this proved unsustainable and growth consequently scaled back.

Initially the owners of AOI were the governments of Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates, before the latter governments gave their shares back to Egypt in 1993, valued at $ 1. 8 billion.

The state of war between both countries which dated back from the 1948 Arab – Israeli War ended in 1979 with the Egyptian – Israeli Peace Treaty a year after the Camp David Accords.

* Along with the Yom Kippur War came the Arab oil embargo where the ( Muslim ) Persian Gulf oil-producing states ' dramatic decision to cut back on production and quadruple the price of oil, made the terms oil, Arabs and Islam synonymous – with power – in the world, and especially in the Muslim world's public imagination.

Therefore, while some Kuwaitis originally trace themselves back to Arab origin ( specifically the Najd area or Iraq ), other Kuwaitis can trace themselves back to Iran and a few other non-Arab origins.

Following a 1998 Arab League meeting in which fellow Arab states decided not to challenge U. N. sanctions, Gaddafi announced that he was turning his back on pan-Arab ideas, one of the fundamental tenets of his philosophy.

The Negrito represent the first migration of anatomically modern Homo sapiens out of Africa while the Arab with the Brown skin are Veddoids who are the descendants of the second wave of migration back from Persian side after the flood 7, 000 years back.

Debates concerning the nature, essence and the mode of existence of space date back to antiquity ; namely, to treatises like the Timaeus of Plato, or Socrates in his reflections on what the Greeks called khora ( i. e. " space "), or in the Physics of Aristotle ( Book IV, Delta ) in the definition of topos ( i. e. place ), or even in the later " geometrical conception of place " as " space qua extension " in the Discourse on Place ( Qawl fi al-Makan ) of the 11th century Arab polymath Alhazen.

Two years later, 35 families moved back into the ruins of the Jewish quarter, but on the eve of the Palestinian Arab national revolt ( April 23, 1936 ) the British Government decided to move the Jewish community out of Hebron as a precautionary measure to secure its safety.

The monks then returned to the Sakkudion Monastery, but were forced back to the capital in either 797 or 798 on account of an Arab raid on Bithynia.

She is followed by Voldi, an Arab prince who wishes to marry her and take her back home.

Later, walking back along the beach alone and now armed with a pistol he took from Raymond so that Raymond would not do anything rash, Meursault encounters the Arab.

" Louis Gustave and Charles Strauss in Moslem and Frank ; or, Charles Martel and the rescue of Europe said " The victory gained was decisive and final, The torrent of Arab conquest was rolled back and Europe was rescued from the threatened yoke of the Saracens.

* Kulfi: believed to have been introduced to South Asia by the Mughal conquest in the 16th century ; its origins trace back to the cold snacks and desserts of Arab and Mediterranean cultures.

* Battle of Sevan, Armenians force back Arab invaders.

Yet the situation was soon stabilised ; by 1035, on the eastern frontier, Arab pirates who had been raiding were either captured or killed, the Byzantines had taken the Muslim fortress of Perkri, while the important fortress of Edessa was relieved after a prolonged siege, and eventually ceded back to the empire in 1037.

Many Arab velvet-makers accompanied him back to Timbuktu.

Eventually, Arab ambassadors returned to Cairo, and in 1989, Egypt was welcomed back into the Arab League.

However, following the fiasco of the Franco-Syrian War and the collapse of the Arab Hashemite rule in Damascus, his early position on pan-Arabism shifted to a form of local nationalism for Palestinian Arabs and he moved back to Jerusalem.

During World War II he actively collaborated with both Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, meeting Adolf Hitler personally and asking him to back Arab independence.

The treaty was received with enormous controversy across the Arab World, where it was condemned and considered a stab in the back.