Often, such propositional construction is left as a task to the practitioner of the dialectic art ; in these instances Aristotle gives only the general strategy for argument, leaving the " provision of propositions " to the ingenuity of the disputant.

Because motion which begins and ends at discrete places would ( e.g. for Aristotle ) be incomplete.

While Aristotle censors literature only for the young, Plato would banish all poets from his ideal state.

The Chicago contingent of modern critics follow Aristotle so far in this direction that it is hard to see how they can compare one poem with another for the purpose of evaluation.

Aristotle remained at the academy for nearly twenty years before quitting Athens in 348 / 47 BC.

Aristotle conducted courses at the school for the next twelve years.

Aristotle had made no secret of his contempt for Alexander's pretense of divinity, and the king had executed Aristotle's grandnephew Callisthenes as a traitor.

A widespread tradition in antiquity suspected Aristotle of playing a role in Alexander's death, but there is little evidence for this.

Eurymedon the hierophant denounced Aristotle for not holding the gods in honor.

Although his respect for Aristotle was diminished as his travels made it clear that much of Aristotle's geography was clearly wrong, when the old philosopher released his works to the public, Alexander complained " Thou hast not done well to publish thy acroamatic doctrines ; for in what shall I surpass other men if those doctrines wherein I have been trained are to be all men's common property?

Alkindus considered Aristotle as the outstanding and unique representative of philosophy and Averroes spoke of Aristotle as the " exemplar " for all future philosophers.

He was a pupil of Proclus in Athens, and taught at Alexandria for most of his life, writing commentaries on Plato, Aristotle, and other philosophers.

Eventually, they returned to Alexandria, where Ammonius, as head of the Neoplatonist school in Alexandria, lectured on Plato and Aristotle for the rest of his life.

Payment for jurors was introduced around 462 BC and is ascribed to Pericles, a feature described by Aristotle as fundamental to radical democracy ( Politics 1294a37 ).

According to Aristotle, he expanded the number of characters in plays to allow for conflict amongst them, whereas previously characters had interacted only with the chorus.

Submitting it to Count Prata, director of the opera, he was told that his piece " was composed with due regard for the rules of Aristotle and Horace, but not according to those laid down for the Italian drama.

Plato ’ s student Aristotle did not maintain his former teacher's geometric view of the elements, but rather preferred a somewhat more naturalistic explanation for the elements based on their traditional qualities.

Plato's student Aristotle ( 384-322 BCE ) developed a different explanation for the elements based on pairs of qualities.

Plato ’ s student Aristotle ( 384-322 BC ) developed a different explanation for the elements based on pairs of qualities.

In what he called " first philosophy " or metaphysics, Aristotle did intend a theological correspondence between the prime mover and deity ( presumably Zeus ); functionally, however, he provided an explanation for the apparent motion of the " fixed stars " ( now understood as the daily rotation of the Earth ).

Aristotle notes that Draco, while having the laws written, merely legislated for an existing unwritten Athenian constitution, such as setting exact qualifications for eligibility for office.

Aristotle, a far less emotional and sympathetic mind, has a doctrine of immortality totally inconsistent with it.

In 1601, he was recommended by the Venetian senate for the bishopric of Caorle, but the papal nuncio, who wished to obtain it for a protégé of his own, accused Sarpi of having denied the immortality of the soul and controverted the authority of Aristotle.

Complexion, in its original sense, engaged the attention of philosophers and musical theorists from ancient times right through to the Renaissance and beyond, in relation to the most favourable balancing of the ' qualities ' or elements in order to heal and invigorate the soul: from Pythagoras and the musical theorist Aristoxenus, through Plato's dialogue Phaedo, Aristotle, Saint Augustine in his thesis on music, and Aquinas ; and in the Florentine Renaissance, Marsilio Ficino in his work on the immortality of the soul, the Theologia Platonica.

Liceti's philosophical works mainly deal with natural philosophy, which he preferred to call “ physiology .” In De animarum rationalium immortalitate libri quatuor, Aristotelis opinionem diligenter explicantes, published in 1629, Liceti expounded the opinions of Aristotle regarding the immortality of the soul.

On the Soul ( De anima ) is a treatise on the soul written along the lines suggested by Aristotle in his own De anima.

According to the orthodox Thomism of the Roman Catholic Church, Aristotle rightly regarded reason as a facility of the individual soul.

They held that Aristotle considered the soul as a material and therefore a mortal entity which operates during life only under the authority of universal reason.

Identifying Aristotle's God with rational thought, Davidson argued, contrary to Aristotle, that just as the soul cannot exist apart from the body, God cannot exist apart from the world.

Some of the earliest recorded speculations linked mind ( sometimes described as identical with soul or spirit ) to theories concerning both life after death, and cosmological and natural order, for example in the doctrines of Zoroaster, the Buddha, Plato, Aristotle, and other ancient Greek, Indian and, later, Islamic and medieval European philosophers.

Starting with the description of the rational and irrational soul found in Plato and Aristotle, which is explained above, western literature often treats reason as being opposed to emotions or feelings — desires, fears, hates, drives, or passions.

Following Aristotle, many in the West had speculated that the matter had to be prepared to a certain point before this could happen and, prior to then, there was only a vegetative or sensitive soul, but not a human soul.

Aristotle identified pride ( megalopsuchia, variously translated as proper pride, greatness of soul and magnanimity ) as the crown of the virtues, distinguishing it from vanity, temperance, and humility, thus:

Theophrastus, without doubt, departed further from Aristotle in his ethical writings, as also in his metaphysical investigations respecting motion, the soul, and God.

Concerning sexual reproduction, Aristotle argued that the male parent provided the " form ," or soul, that guided development through semen, and the female parent contributed unorganized matter, allowing the embryo to grow.

Furthermore, Aristotle says that a soul is related to its body as form to matter.

Hence, Aristotle argues, there is no problem in explaining the unity of body and soul, just as there is no problem in explaining the unity of wax and its shape.

On the basis of his hylomorphic theory, Aristotle rejects the Pythagorean doctrine of reincarnation, ridiculing the notion that just any soul could inhabit just any body.

According to Timothy Robinson, it is unclear whether Aristotle identifies the soul with the body's structure.

John Vella uses Frankenstein's monster to illustrate the second interpretation: the corpse lying on Frankenstein's table is already a fully organized human body, but it is not yet alive ; when Frankenstein activates his machine, the corpse gains a new property, the property of life, which Aristotle would call the soul.

According to Aristotle, a living thing's ( proximate ) matter is its body, which needs a soul in order to be alive.

Moreover, Aristotle says that a body that has lost its soul is no longer potentially alive.

Thus, interpreters of Aristotle have faced the problem of explaining how the intellect fits into Aristotle's hylomorphic theory of the soul.

Many medieval theologians and philosophers followed Aristotle in seeing a living being's soul as that being's form — specifically, its substantial form.

Indeed, Aristotle writes, " It is clear that the soul, or at least some parts of it ( if it is divisible ), cannot be separated from the body.

For Aristotle, then, happiness is " the virtuous activity of the soul in accordance with reason ": happiness is the practice of virtue.

Indeed, Aristotle writes, " It is clear that the soul, or at least some parts of it ( if it is divisible ), cannot be separated from the body.

It was the stoics, who like Aristotle, attributed significance to the human soul ; but who, unlike Aristotle, considered every human being equal in that significance.