Other widely spoken Afroasiatic languages are Amharic, the national language of Ethiopia, with 18 million native speakers ; Somali, spoken by around 19 million people in Greater Somalia ; and Hausa, the dominant language of northern Nigeria and southern Niger, spoken by 18. 5 million people and used as a lingua franca in large parts of the Sahel, with some 25 million speakers in total.

One student of Ethiopia, Donald N. Levine, points out that for the Italians Adwa " became a national trauma which demagogic leaders strove to avenge.

The fall of the Siad Barre and Mengistu governments in Somalia and Ethiopia, respectively, in 1991, caused Djibouti to face national security threats due to the instability in the neighboring states and a massive influx of refugees estimated at 100, 000 from Somalia and Ethiopia.

In July 1991, the TPLF, the Oromo Liberation Front ( OLF ), and others – established the Transitional Government of Ethiopia ( TGE ), which consisted of an 87-member Council of Representatives and guided by a national charter that functioned as a transitional constitution.

Less than one-half of Ethiopia ’ s towns and cities are connected to the national grid.

Some Oromo writers believe that the Oromo Ras Gobena and the Amhara Menelik II were the first two people in Ethiopia with the concept of national boundary that brought various different ethno-linguistic communities under a politically and militarily centralized rule.

" The two most important historical figures who signify the introduction of the concepts of national boundary and sovereignty in Ethiopia are Emperor Menelik II and Ras Gobana Dachi, who used guns manufactured in Europe to bring a large swath of Biyas ( regions / nations ) under a centralized rule.

The Kebra Nagast, the national epic of Ethiopia, is also taken as important amongst many Rastas.

In the late-1970s and early-1980s, residents of the dictatorships of Ethiopia and Sudan suffered massive famines, but the democracies of Botswana and Zimbabwe avoided them, despite also have severe drops in national food production.

In Ethiopia it was estimated that as much as 90 percent of the national herd died, rendering rich farmers and herders destitute overnight.

According to Richard Pankhurst, C. frutescens ( known as barbaré ) was so important to the national cuisine of Ethiopia, at least as early as the 19th century, " that it was cultivated extensively in the warmer areas wherever the soil was suitable.

As Israel's national airline, El Al has played an important role in humanitarian rescue efforts, airlifting Jews from other countries to Israel, setting the world record for the most passengers on a commercial aircraft by Operation Solomon when 14, 500 Jewish refugees were transported from Ethiopia in 1991.

Recent arrivals in the pageant include China ( 2002 ), Albania ( 2002 ), Vietnam ( 2004 ), Georgia ( 2004 ), Ethiopia ( 2004 ), Latvia ( 2005 ), Kazakhstan ( 2006 ), Tanzania ( 2007 ), and Kosovo ( 2008 ); there have also been efforts to revive strong national pageants in South Africa, Canada, Spain, Japan ; Latin America ( especially Venezuela, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador and Brazil ) among other regions.

In the late 1980s, JINSA underwent a profound repurposing of mission which, although retaining the interest in maintaining and strengthening the U. S .- Israeli defense relationship, widened its focus to general U. S. defense and foreign policy, with missions and meetings with national leaders and military officials from countries as diverse as Ethiopia, Belgium, South Korea, India, Bulgaria, Italy, the Republic of China, Uzbekistan, Costa Rica, Spain, Eritrea, Jordan, the People's Republic of China, Hungary, United Kingdom and Germany, to name a few.

Traditionally made out of teff flour, it is a national dish in Ethiopia and Eritrea.

(, ወደፊት ገስግሺ ውድ እናት ኢትዮጵያ ; " March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia ") is the national anthem of Ethiopia.

His main national charity is WaterAid and he has seen first hand their work in Ethiopia.

On August 27 in the same year, both Italy and Ethiopia signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact, an international treaty " providing for the renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy.

Some Vah letters resemble certain letters from Ge ' ez alphabet of Ethiopia used to write Amharic, the national language, N ' ko alphabet in Guinea, and Armenian alphabet.

Based on the 2007 national census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia ( CSA ), this town has a total population of 44, 647, of whom 20, 741 are men and 23, 906 women.

Traditionally made out of teff flour, it is a national dish in Ethiopia and Eritrea.

In May 2010 Sir Ketumile Masire led an African Union Election Observer Mission to the May 2010 Ethiopia Legislative Elections, and in October 2010 he co-led ( with fellow GLF Member Joe Clark ) a National Democratic Institute pre-election assessment mission in Nigeria, which identified a number of hurdles that could undermine a successful process surrounding the 2011 state and national polls.

The Mussolini government regarded the colony as a strategic base for future aggrandizement and ruled accordingly, using Eritrea as a base to launch its 1935 – 1936 campaign to colonize Ethiopia.

In 1893, judging that his power over Ethiopia was secure, Menelik repudiated the treaty ; in response the Italians ramped up the pressure on his domain in a variety of ways, including the annexation of small territories bordering their original claim under the Treaty of Wuchale, and finally culminating with a military campaign across the Mareb River into Tigray ( on the border with Eritrea ) in December 1894.

Arquebuses were carried by some of the soldiers of Hernán Cortés in his conquest of Mexico in the 1520s, and arquebuses played an important role in the victories of Cristóvão da Gama's small and outnumbered army in his 1541 – 42 campaign in Ethiopia.

According to Josephus, Moses employed ibes against flying serpents during a desert campaign into Ethiopia in his early life.

Khaki-colored uniforms were used officially by British troops for the first time during the Abyssinian campaign of 1867 – 68, when Indian troops traveled to Ethiopia ( Abyssinia ) under the command of general Sir Robert Napier to release some British captives and to " persuade the Abyssinian King Theodore, forcibly if necessary, to mend his ways ".

Furthermore, his troops in East Africa had the Italians under pressure and at the end of March his forces in Eritrea under William Platt won the decisive battle of the campaign at Keren which led to the occupation of the Italian colonies in Ethiopia and Somaliland.

Another important aspect of the campaign to retake Ethiopia was irregular forces.

He was a member of the National Fascist Party and commanded fascist troops under Italian dictator Benito Mussolini in the Second Italo-Abyssinian War and is an alleged war criminal for the use of poison gas and systematically bombarding and strafing Red Cross hospitals and ambulances during the Ethiopia campaign.

Visiting Ethiopia in 1994, Jimmy Carter won Prime Minister Meles Zenawi's support for a campaign seeking to aid farmers, using the fertilizer diammonium phosphate and Borlaug's methods.

Arquebuses played an important role in the victories of Cristóvão da Gama's small and outnumbered army in his 1541 – 42 campaign in Ethiopia.

The disastrous campaign in Ethiopia in 1875-1876 also angered the officers who felt that the government had sent them unwisely into the conflict.

Then during World War II, the British minted some 18 million MTTs in Bombay to use in their campaign to drive the Italians out of Ethiopia.

She protested Italy's invasion of Ethiopia and supported the campaign to free the Scottsboro defendants in Alabama, a group of young black men accused of raping two white women.

During the millennium preparations, Kale hiywot churches around Ethiopia also led the anti-HIV / AIDS campaign and increased their programs to support more Orphans.

Assurbanipal writes about his first march against Egypt, " In my first campaign I marched against Magan, Meluhha, Tarka, king of Egypt and Ethiopia, whom Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, the father who begot me, had defeated, and whose land he brought under his way.

An aspect of the Allied campaign to retake Ethiopia was Ethiopian irregular forces referred to by the British as " patriots " ( or Arbegnoch ).

Following Emperor Haile Selassie's restoration in 1941, the Crown Prince returned to Ethiopia, and participated in the campaign to drive the Italian forces out of the city of Gondar, the last town they held in Ethiopia.

At this time the largest issues he dealt with during his tenure in that ministry were the campaign to liberate Soviet Jews confined to the USSR, and the controversy over the Beta Israel, a group from Ethiopia that had still not received total recognition as Jews at that time.

The party also tailored its campaign for unity against fascism to appeal to the black community, as in the case of its opposition to the Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1935.

The British launched an offensive early in 1941 and had forced the surrender of the Italian Viceroy by 18 May which effectively ended the campaign allowing the Empire of Ethiopia to be re-established.

John Charles Kirkham ( c. 1830-June 1876 ) was a British adventurer, hotelier and ship's steward who fought with William Walker in Nicaragua and Charles George Gordon in China during the Taiping Rebellion before landing in Ethiopia at the beginning of the British campaign against Emperor Tewodros II in 1868.

He is a founding chairman of the Rainbow Ethiopia: Movement for Democracy and Social Justice and a Deputy Chairman of Coalition for Unity and Democracy ( CUD ), for whom he served as chief election campaign strategist.

After Keren, 4th Indian Division was withdrawn to Cairo and 5th Indian Division continued the campaign in Eritrea, finally joining up with elements of Lieutenant-General Alan Cunningham's forces, which had advanced north from Kenya to capture Italian Somaliland and the Italian capital of Addis Ababa in Ethiopia, to take the surrender of Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta, the Italian Viceroy, at Amba Alagi.