Under Uzbeg and his successor Janibeg ( 1342 – 1357 ), Islam, which among some of the Turks in Eurasia had deep roots going back into pre-Mongol times, gained general acceptance, though its adherents remained tolerant of other beliefs.

At its monotheistic state, it was the major religion among the Nomadic Empires of Eurasia.

Eurasia before Genghis Khan's conquests, 1200The 11th century Jurchen tribes of northern Manchuria descended from the Tungusic Mohe, or Malgal tribes who were subjects of the ethnic-Goguryeo state of Balhae.

In October 2007 the new Right pro-Russian Eurasia Party-affiliated “ Eurasian Youth Union ” vandalized the official Ukrainian state symbols that had been placed on the summit of the Hoverla mountain.

In 2003, A. Elizabeth Jones, the U. S. assistant secretary of state for Europe and Eurasia, testified on the threat of terrorism in Central Asia before the U. S. House of Representatives ' subcommittee on the Middle East and Central Asia, arguing that the greatest threats were the IMU, and Hizb ut-Tahrir.

* Republic of Azerbaijan — a current state in Eurasia, formerly:

Nikolay Kradin has demonstrated that an alternative to the state seems to be represented by the supercomplex chiefdoms created by some nomads of Eurasia.

The oldest known primate-like mammal species, the Plesiadapis, came from North America, but they were widespread in Eurasia and Africa during the tropical conditions of the Paleocene and Eocene.

Hyenas originated in the jungles of Miocene Eurasia 22 million years ago, when most early feliform species were still largely arboreal.

The first ancestral hyenas were likely similar to the modern banded palm civet ; one of the earliest hyena species exhumed, Plioviverrops, was a lithe, civet-like animal that inhabited Eurasia 20-22 millions years ago, and is identifiable as a hyaenid by the structure of the middle ear and dentition.

The Khazars ( Old Turkic: 10px10px10px10px10px ) were semi-nomadic Turkic people who established one of the largest polities of medieval Eurasia, with the capital of Atil and territory comprising much of modern-day European Russia, western Kazakhstan, eastern Ukraine, Azerbaijan, large portions of the northern Caucasus ( Circassia, Dagestan ), parts of Georgia, the Crimea, and northeastern Turkey.

The Proto-Indo-Europeans were the speakers of the Proto-Indo-European language ( PIE ), a reconstructed prehistoric language of Eurasia.

Volcanic arcs ( see volcanic arc ) and backarc basins ( see back-arc basin ) formed and were emplaced onto Eurasia as ophiolites ( see ophiolite ) as they collided with microcontinents ( literally relatively small plates of continental lithosphere ; e. g. Ustaomer and Robertson, 1997 ).

They were found in most of Africa, across Eurasia from western Europe to India, and in the Americas from the Yukon to Peru.

Wild boar were originally found in North Africa and much of Eurasia ; from the British Isles to Korea and the Sunda Islands.

On 7 November 2010, in an exclusive interview ( the last given before his return to Haiti ) with independent reporter Nicolas Rossier in Eurasia Review and the Huffington Post, Aristide declared that the 2010 elections were not inclusive of his party Fanmi Lavalas and therefore not fair and free.

Modern gaviiformes are found in many parts of North America and northern Eurasia ( Europe, Asia and debatably Africa ), though prehistoric species were more widespread.

For example, the genera Dryocopus ( Eurasia and Americas ) and Campephilus ( Americas ) of large woodpeckers were believed to form a distinct group.

By a steady and meticulous implementation of this strategy, Genghis and his descendants were able to conquer most of Eurasia.

The elastic properties of particular sinews were also used in composite recurved bows favoured by the steppe nomads of Eurasia.

Eurasia and North America were often connected by the Bering land bridge, and have very similar mammal and bird fauna, with many Eurasian species having moved into North America, and fewer North American species having moved into Eurasia.

The Kara-Khitans were dispersed widely all over Eurasia as part of the Mongol army.

Within the open lands of northern Eurasia, the royals were producing ' houses ' of nobility to inhabit and populate the various regions and there found a third cast of offspring, called Earls, to produce structured societies within their respective shires and villages.

populations in Eurasia that were the result of an earlier wave of emigration out of Africa.

Human infections were transmitted for the first time worldwide, from Africa and Eurasia to the Americas and vice versa.

The Central Asian horse peoples occupied a territory that included the Silk Road, along which goods and innovations were transported rapidly for thousands of miles across Eurasia.

Whether the Marmotini dispersed between North America and Eurasia via " island-hopping " across the Bering Straits or the Greenland region — which both at that time were temperate habitat — and from which continent they dispersed to which, or if both continents brought forth distinct subtribes which then spread to the other, is not known and would probably require more fossil material to be resolved.

The great empires of Eurasia were all located on temperate coastal plains.

Newer present-day world religions established themselves throughout Eurasia during the Middle Ages by: Christianization of the Western world ; Buddhist missions to East Asia ; the decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent ; and the spread of Islam throughout the Middle East, Central Asia, North Africa and parts of Europe and India.

The Eurasia Party () was registered as a political party by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on 21 June 2002, approximately one year after the Pan-Russian Eurasia Movement was established by Aleksandr Dugin.

IFES also offers Summer-and Year-teams ( www. ifesinteraction. org ), which are composed of students and recent graduates who use their holidays or an academic year to help establish student movements in Europe and Eurasia by pioneering new work or assisting established movements.

Before reading the first chapter, Winston reads the third chapter War is Peace, which explains that slogan-title ’ s meaning, by reviewing how the global super-states were established: The United States and the British Empire merged and they annexed Australia, Canada, and all of South America to form Oceania ; the USSR annexed continental Europe to form Eurasia ; and Eastasia emerged " after a decade of confused fighting ", with China ’ s annexation of the Indian sub-continent, Japan, Korea, et al.

Although originally only native to Eurasia and North Africa, some species have since become established in other countries, including the United States and New Zealand.

*** † Ictitherium (= Galeotherium ; including Lepthyaena, Sinictitherium, Paraictitherium ; Middle Miocene of Africa, Late Miocene to Early Pliocene of Eurasia )

*** † Tungurictis ( Middle Miocene of Africa and Eurasia )

One extinct hamster of Cricetus, for example, lived in North Africa during the Middle Miocene, but the only extant member of that genus is the European or common hamster of Eurasia.

Its strategic importance between China on one side and the Middle East and Europe on the other, temporarily gave all of Eurasia incredible riches.

Western Asia or the Middle East is a subcontinent of southwestern Eurasia.

It represents a period of time in which imperialism, or the desire to conquer, grew to prominence, in the city states of the Middle East, but also throughout Eurasia, with Indo-European expansion to Anatolia, Europe and Central Asia.

For most of the Middle Ages Islamic glass was the most sophisticated in Eurasia, exported to both Europe and China.

Found in Temperate Eurasia and Japan south to North Africa, the Middle East, northeastern Myanmar and northern Vietnam.

Widespread throughout the northern hemisphere, the European Starling is native to Eurasia and is found throughout Europe, northern Africa ( from Morocco to Egypt ), northern India, Nepal, the Middle East ( including Syria, Iran, and Iraq ), and north-western China.

Other initiatives includes: AfriMAP ; Arts & Culture Program ; Americas Quarterly ; Burma Project / Southeast Asia Initiative ; Central Eurasia Project ; Central Eurasia Project ; Closing the Addiction Treatment Gap ; Documentary Photography Project ; Soros Documentary Fund ( SDF ); Early Childhood Program ; East East Program: Partnership Beyond Borders ; Education Support Program ; EUMAP ; Global Drug Policy Program ; Information Program ; International Higher Education Support Program ; Latin America Program ; Local Government & Public Service Reform Initiative ; Media Program ; Middle East & North Africa Initiative ; Open Society Fellowship ; OSI-Baltimore ; OSI-Brussels ; OSI-Washington, D. C .; Public Health Program ; Roma Initiatives ; Scholarship Programs ; Special Initiatives ; Think Tank Fund ; Turkmenistan Project ; U. S. Programs ; International Women ’ s Program ; the Youth Initiative ; the International Migration Initiative ; Policy Matters Ohio and the Open Society Justice Initiative.

Their study highlighted interesting findings, such as confirming anecdotal evidence that there had been a strong El Niño in 1791, and finding that in 1816 the " Year Without a Summer " in Eurasia and much of North America had been offset by warmer than usual temperatures in Labrador and the Middle East.

The Carnegie Endowment office in Washington, D. C. is home to eight programs: The Nuclear Policy Program, Russia & Eurasia Program, South Asia Program, Democracy & Rule of Law Program, Asia Program, Energy & Climate Program, Middle East Program, and International Economics Program.

Dryland farming is used in the Great Plains, the Palouse plateau of Eastern Washington, and other arid regions of North America, the Middle East and in other grain growing regions such as the steppes of Eurasia and Argentina.

As well as this, the New Eurasia Continental Landbridge and the railway networks in Western Europe continue by land, connecting Lianyungang with over 40 countries and regions in Europe, South Asia and the Middle East.

Courses are taught in 20 programs, including International Economics, International Relations ( IR / Conflict Management, IR / Energy, Resources and Environment, IR / Global Theory & History, IR / International Law and Organizations, IR / Strategic Studies ), International Development, African Studies, American Foreign Policy, Asian Studies ( Asia / China Studies, Asia / Japan Studies, Asia / Korea Studies, Asia / Southeast Asia Studies, Asia / South Asia Studies ), European Studies, Middle East Studies, Russia & Eurasia Studies, Western Hemisphere Studies ( Western Hemisphere / Canada Studies, Western Hemisphere / Latin America Studies ), and 15 foreign languages.

The Eurasia Party claims support by some military circles and by leaders of the Orthodox Christian, Muslim, Buddhist, and Jewish faiths in Russia, and the party hopes to play a key role in attempts to resolve the Chechen problem, with the objective of setting the stage for Dugin's dream of a Russian strategic alliance with European and Middle Eastern states, primarily Iran.

For example, the practice of agriculture is widely believed to have diffused from somewhere in the Middle East to all of Eurasia, less than 10, 000 years ago, having been adopted by many pre-existing cultures.

Chatham House research is structured around four departments: Energy, Environment and Resources, International Economics, International Security, and Area Studies and International Law, which comprises regional programmes on Africa, the America, Asia, Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, and Russia and Eurasia, alongside the International Law programme.

The history of Eurasia is the collective history of a continental area with several distinct peripheral coastal regions: the Middle East, South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Europe, linked by the interior mass of the Eurasian steppe of Central Asia and Eastern Europe.

Seven issues each year are devoted to world regions ( China and East Asia, Russia and Eurasia, the Middle East, Latin America, Europe, South Asia, and Africa ); one issue covers current global trends ; and one issue addresses a special theme such as climate change or global governance.