In Greek mythology, Achilles (, Akhilleus, ) was a Greek hero of the Trojan War, the central character and the greatest warrior of Homer's Iliad.

He is a character in Greek mythology and is mentioned in Homer's Iliad, and receives full treatment in Roman mythology as the legendary founder of what would become Ancient Rome, most extensively in Virgil's Aeneid.

He is a significant figure in Homer's Iliad and is also mentioned in the Odyssey and Virgil's Aeneid.

He plays an important role in Homer's Iliad and in the Epic Cycle, a series of epic poems about the Trojan War.

In Homer's Iliad he is described as of great stature, colossal frame and strongest of all the Achaeans.

In Homer's Iliad, when Alcmene was about to give birth to Heracles, Zeus announced to all the gods that on that day a child, descended from Zeus himself, would be born who would rule all those around him.

The Achaeans (, Akhaioí ) is one of the collective names used for the Greeks in Homer's Iliad ( used 598 times ) and Odyssey.

In Homer's Iliad, the horses of the Myrmidons graze on wild celery that grows in the marshes of Troy, and in Odyssey, there is mention of the meadows of violet and wild celery surrounding the cave of Calypso.

Cerberus featured in many prominent works of Greek and Roman literature, most famously in Virgil's Aeneid, Peisandros of Rhodes ' epic poem the Labours of Hercules, the story of Orpheus in Plato's Symposium, and in Homer's Iliad, which is the only known reference to one of Heracles ' labours which first appeared in a literary source.

The premier examples of its use are Homer's Iliad and Odyssey and Virgil's Aeneid.

The other Strife is presumably she who appears in Homer's Iliad Book IV ; equated with Enyo as sister of Ares and so presumably daughter of Zeus and Hera:

* Homer's Iliad at Gutenberg ( there are many different translations at Gutenberg )

His work lent weight to the idea that Homer's Iliad and Virgil's Aeneid reflect actual historical events.

" Samuel Butler argues, based on literary observations, that a young Sicilian woman wrote the Odyssey ( but not the Iliad ), an idea further pursued by Robert Graves in his novel Homer's Daughter and Andrew Dalby in Rediscovering Homer.

From Homer's Odyssey, the Iliad, and some Attic vase paintings, we know that Hephaestus was born of the union of Zeus and Hera.

* 68 – Roman Emperor Nero commits suicide, after quoting Homer's Iliad, thus ending the Julio-Claudian Dynasty and starting the civil year known as the Year of the Four Emperors.

The importance of this can be seen throughout Greek mythology — in particular, Homer's Iliad and Odyssey.

A report by the Greek writer Dio Chrysostom ( c. 40-c. 120 CE ) about Homer's poetry being sung even in India seems to imply that the Iliad had been translated into Sanskrit.

Minos appears in Greek literature as the king of Knossos as early as Homer's Iliad and Odyssey.

After the Bible, the next best preserved ancient work is Homer's Iliad, with 650 copies originating about 1, 000 years after the original copy.

In Homer's Odyssey, Odysseus crawls beneath two shoots of olive that grow from a single stock, and in the Iliad, ( XVII. 53ff ) is a metaphoric description of a lone olive tree in the mountains, by a spring ; the Greeks observed that the olive rarely thrives at a distance from the sea, which in Greece invariably means up mountain slopes.

Odysseus also plays a key role in Homer's Iliad and other works in the Epic Cycle.

Examples of epic poems are Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, Virgil's Aeneid, the Nibelungenlied, Luís de Camões ' Os Lusíadas, the Cantar de Mio Cid, the Epic of Gilgamesh, the Mahabharata, Valmiki's Ramayana, Ferdowsi's Shahnama, Nizami ( or Nezami )' s Khamse ( Five Books ), and the Epic of King Gesar.

In the seventh century BC, Hesiod, both in his Theogony ( briefly, without naming Pandora outright, line 570 ) and in Works and Days, gives the earliest literary version of the Pandora story ; however, there is an older mention of jars or urns containing blessings and evils bestowed upon mankind in Homer's Iliad:

Homer's Iliad describes Greek and Trojan soldiers offering rewards of wealth to enemies who have defeated them on the battlefield in exchange for mercy, but this is not always accepted.

Because " Lisa's Wedding " ( season six, 1995 ) is set fifteen years in the future, Homer's design was altered to make him older in the episode.

Iphianassa () is the name of one of Agamemnon's three daughters in Homer's Iliad ( ix. 145, 287 ) The name Iphianassa may be simply an older variant of the name Iphigenia.

According to the literary tradition, these, pre-Greek ancients are called the Pelasgians ( Πελασγοί ), but Milan Budimir calls them ( Πελάσται ), proceeding from the form Πελαστικέ ( which appears in the scholias of Homer's Iliad 16, 223 ), from the onomastic material in the field ( Παλαιστή, toponym in Epirus ; Palaestinus, older name for Strymon etc.

According to Jaynes, the older portions of the Old Testament ( such as the Book of Amos ) have few or none of the features of some later books of the Old Testament ( such as Ecclesiastes ) as well as later works such as Homer's Odyssey, which show indications of a profoundly different kind of mentality — an early form of consciousness.

Homer's Iliad is the most expansive source for Menelaus ' exploits during the Trojan War.

Thucydides references Homer frequently as a source of information, but always adds a distancing clause, such as “ Homer shows this, if that is sufficient evidence ,” and “ assuming we should trust Homer's poetry in this case too .”

Assistant Medical Examiner Dr. Arthur C. Allen confirmed Homer's identity and said that the elder brother had been dead for no more than ten hours ; consequently, Homer could not have been the source of the stench wafting from the house.

18th century edition of Homer's Odyssey, the source of the libretto for Il ritorno d ' Ulisse in patria

The Moralia include On the Fortune or the Virtue of Alexander the Great — an important adjunct to his Life of the great general — On the Worship of Isis and Osiris ( a crucial source of information on Egyptian religious rites ), and On the Malice of Herodotus ( which may, like the orations on Alexander's accomplishments, have been a rhetorical exercise ), in which Plutarch criticizes what he sees as systematic bias in the Father of History's work ; along with more philosophical treatises, such as On the Decline of the Oracles, On the Delays of the Divine Vengeance, On Peace of Mind and lighter fare, such as Odysseus and Gryllus, a humorous dialog between Homer's Odysseus and one of Circe's enchanted pigs.

Biblical source criticism originated in the 18th century with the work of Jean Astruc, who adapted the methods already developed for investigating the texts of Classical antiquity ( Homer's Iliad in particular ) to his own investigation into the sources of the Book of Genesis.

" Though Zeus is often called Zeus Heraios ' Zeus, ( consort ) of Hera ', Homer's treatment of Hera is less than respectful, and in late anecdotal versions of the myths ( see below ) she appeared to spend most of her time plotting revenge on the nymphs seduced by her Consort, for Hera upheld all the old right rules of Hellene society and sorority.

In any case, the early importance of Poseidon can still be glimpsed in Homer's Odyssey, where Poseidon rather than Zeus is the major mover of events.

Homer's physical features are generally not used in other characters ; for example, in the later seasons, no characters other than Homer, Lenny, and Krusty the Clown have a similar beard line.

" In some early episodes, Homer's hair was rounded rather than sharply pointed because animation director Wes Archer felt it should look disheveled.

The Metamorphoses showed that Ovid was more interested in questioning how the laws interfered with and ruined people's lives rather than writing epic tales like Virgil's Aeneid and Homer's Odyssey.

Virgil's Aeneid, in many respects, emulated Homer's Iliad ; Plautus, a comic playwright, followed in the footsteps of Aristophanes ; Tacitus ' Annals and Germania follow essentially the same historical approaches that Thucydides devised ( the Christian historian Eusebius does also, although far more influenced by his religion than either Tacitus or Thucydides had been by Greek and Roman polytheism ); Ovid and his Metamorphoses explore the same Greek myths again in new ways.

For some scholars, this is to credit Tyrtaeus with too much: his use of arete was not an advance on Homer's use of it but can still be interpreted as signifying " virtue " in the archaic sense of an individual's power to achieve something rather than as an anticipation of the classical sense of moral excellence, familiar to Plato and others.

The Shahnameh has 62 stories, 990 chapters, and some 60, 000 rhyming couplets, making it more than three times the length of Homer's Iliad, and more than twelve times the length of the German Nibelungenlied.

In fact, the Homer-Bart subplot is more successful than the main storyline ; Homer's nightmare about their relationship is genuinely disturbing.

Their music is typically heroic epics, such as the most famous story, the Manas epic ( 20 times longer than Homer's Odyssey ), which is the patriotic tale of a warrior named Manas, and his descendants, who fight with the Chinese.

Although he arrived in France at a time of new fashions in art, Homer's main subject for his paintings was peasant life, showing more of an alignment with the established French Barbizon school and the artist Millet than with newer artists Manet and Courbet.

The somewhat inconsistent geography of Homer's Odyssey is often considered more mythic than literal, but the geography of the Alexandrian scholar and poet, Apollonius of Rhodes, is more specific.

In the Odyssey, too, Homer's admiration of Nestor is tempered by some humor at his expense: Telemachus, having returned to Nestor's home from a visit to Helen of Troy and Menelaus ( where he has sought further information on his father's fate ), urges Peisistratus to let him board his vessel immediately to return home rather than being subjected to a further dose of Nestor's rather overwhelming sense of hospitality.

Included in the crypt are airtight receptacles containing microfilm on cellulose acetate film containing more than 800 classic works of literature, including the Bible, the Koran, Homer's Iliad, and Dante's Inferno.

The Phrygia of Homer's Iliad appears to be located in the area that embraced the Ascanian lake and the northern flow of the Sangarius river and so was much more limited in extent than classical Phrygia.

In Homer's heavily maritime Odyssey, Poseidon rather than Zeus is the primary mover of events.

Homer's imagination of a life of organized crime is based on Don Fanucci's first appearance in The Godfather Part II, accepting donuts rather than a necklace and an orange.

Kleos is a common theme in Homer's epics, the Iliad and the Odyssey, the main example in the latter being that of Odysseus and his son Telemachus, who is concerned that his father may have died a pathetic and pitiable death at sea rather than a reputable and gracious one in battle.

Burns angrily summons Homer, threatening to fire him, but reveals photographs of himself with strawberry curly hair in his younger years when girls flocked to him until he went bald, and as a fellow sufferer of male pattern baldness, sympathizes with Homer's situation and merely demotes him back to his old position rather than terminating him.

It was meant to show Homer's stomach bigger than that of the outline, but it was so subtle that not many people realised the joke.

' The climax is a little forced and cartoon-y ... but Homer's weight gain works so well visually that the episode gets away with a lot more than it might.

The Cypria was considered to be a lesser work than Homer's two masterpieces: Aristotle criticised it for its lack of narrative cohesion and focus.