) Adobe brickmaking was used in Spain starting by the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age, from the eighth century B. C.

Settlement increased during the Iron Age, and the dispersal of small forts around the coast indicate the warlike nature of the times.

Her chief center of worship was at Paphos, where the goddess of desire had been worshipped from the early Iron Age in the form of Ishtar and Astarte.

Category: Iron Age Europe

Though there was no Bronze Age city on the site, archaeology has detected human activity that is evident from the earliest Iron Age, circa 1100 BC.

A special burial ground for infants, a tophetAgelarakis A., “ The Amathous ( tophet ) cremations in Cyprus ”, In D. Christou on “ Human Cremations at the Western Necropolis of Amathous ” < Cremations in Bronze and Early Iron Age >, Proceedings of Int.

The earliest remains hitherto found on the site are tombs of the early Iron Age period of Graeco-Phoenician influences ( 1000-600 B. C .).

If this etymology is combined with the tradition reported by Geoffrey of Monmouth stating that Ambrosius Aurelianus ordered the building of Stonehenge – which is located within the parish of Amesbury ( and where Ambrosius was supposedly buried ) – and with the presence of an Iron Age hill fort also in that parish, then it may be tempting to connect Ambrosius with Amesbury.

Category: Iron Age Europe

It was also built to keep the peace among the local British Iron Age tribe, the Silures.

This kind of necklace was only worn by the most prominent women during the Iron Age and some have interpreted it as Freyja's necklace Brísingamen.

Though bronze is generally harder than wrought iron, with Vickers hardness of 60 – 258 vs. 30 – 80, the Bronze Age gave way to the Iron Age ; this happened because iron was easier to find and easier to process.

Bronze was still used during the Iron Age ; for example, officers in the Roman army had bronze swords while foot soldiers had iron ; but, for many purposes, the weaker wrought iron was found to be sufficiently strong.

Category: Iron Age Europe

Category: Iron Age Europe

The Boii ( Latin plural, singular Boius ; Greek ) were one of the most prominent ancient Celtic tribes of the later Iron Age, attested at various times in Cisalpine Gaul ( northern Italy ), Pannonia ( Hungary and its western neighbours ), in and around Bohemia, and Transalpine Gaul.

" The divine call for massacre at Jericho and elsewhere can be explained in terms of cultural norms ( Israel wasn't the only Iron Age state to practice herem ) and theology ( a measure to ensure Israel's purity as well as the fulfillment of God's promise ), but Patrick D. Miller in his commentary on Deuteronomy remarks, " there is no real way to make such reports palatable to the hearts and minds of contemporary readers and believers.

Chronologically, it stands between the Stone Age and Iron Age.

The term Stone Age implies the inability to smelt any ore, the term Bronze Age implies the inability to smelt iron ore and the term Iron Age implies the ability to manufacture artifacts in any of the three types of hard material.

In World War I, Duquesne spied for Germany, earning the Iron Cross for allegedly sinking the HMS Hampshire thereby killing Lord Kitchener in 1916.

Felix Dzerzhinsky ( the Iron Felix ) was appointed as Director and invited the participation of the following individuals: V. K. Averin, V. N. Vasilevsky, D. G. Yevseyev, N. A. Zhydelev, I. K. Ksenofontov, G. K. Ordjonikidze, Ya.

In 1988, he appeared in the Iron Maiden video Can I Play with Madness.

McNutt says, " It is probably safe to assume that sometime during Iron Age I a population began to identify itself as ' Israelite '", differentiating itself from the Canaanites through such markers as the prohibition of intermarriage, an emphasis on family history and genealogy, and religion.

* Iron Age I: 1200 – 1000

The process was gradual rather than swift: a strong Egyptian presence continued into the 12th century BCE, and, while some Canaanite cities were destroyed, others continued to exist in Iron I.

" This " Israel " was a cultural and probably political entity of the central highlands, well enough established to be perceived by the Egyptians as a possible challenge to their hegemony, but an ethnic group rather than an organised state ; Archaeologist Paula McNutt says: " It is probably ... during Iron Age I a population began to identify itself as ' Israelite '," differentiating itself from its neighbours via prohibitions on intermarriage, an emphasis on family history and genealogy, and religion.

In the Late Bronze Age there were no more than about 25 villages in the highlands, but this increased to over 300 by the end of Iron I, while the settled population doubled from 20, 000 to 40, 000.

The religion of the Israelites of Iron Age I, like many Ancient Near Eastern religions, was based on the cult of the ancestors and the worship of family gods ( the " gods of the fathers ").

The Near Eastern Iron Age is divided into two subsections, Iron I and Iron II.

Iron I ( 1200 – 1000 BC ) illustrates both continuity and discontinuity with the previous Late Bronze Age.

There is evidence, however, that shows strong continuity with Bronze Age culture, although as one moves later into Iron I the culture begins to diverge more significantly from that of the late 2nd millennium.

He served in the German field artillery and nascent air force in World War I and was awarded the Iron Cross, rising to the rank of lieutenant.

* 1355 – Charles I of Bohemia is crowned with the Iron Crown of Lombardy as King of Italy in Milan.

The number of villages in the highlands increased to more than 300 by the end of Iron Age I ( more and larger in the north ), with the settled population rising from 20, 000 in the twelfth century to 40, 000 in the eleventh.

Archaeologists and historians see more continuity than discontinuity between these highland settlements and the preceding Late Bronze Canaanite culture ; certain features such as ceramic repertoire and agrarian settlement plans have been said to be distinctives of highland sites, and collar-rimmed jars and four-roomed houses have been said to be intrinsically " Israelite ," but have also been said to belong to a commonly shared culture throughout Iron I Canaan.

S. H. I. E. L. D., under the leadership of Iron Man and his team of U. S. sanctioned Avengers invaded Latveria after discovering Doom's involvement in the release of a symbiote virus on New York.

Marvel's major heroes are those created between 1961 and 1963, during Marvel's " Silver Age ": Spider-Man, Iron Man, Doctor Strange, Daredevil, Thor, the Hulk, Ant-Man and the Wasp, the X-Men, the Fantastic Four, and S. H. I. E. L. D .’ s director, Nick Fury.

This later developed into the distinctive Philistine pottery of the Iron Age I, with black and red decorations on white slip known as Philistine Bichrome ware.

A few biblical texts, such as the Ark Narrative and stories reflecting the importance of Gath, seem to portray Late Iron I and Early Iron II memories.

" Rooster ( Gallus domesticus ) bones were identified at Lachish dating to early Iron II ", but even earlier not to be ruled out, which corresponds was well with " as for Palestine, the earliest chicken bones are present in Iron Age I strata in Lachish and Tell Hasben ".

In North West England, there is little evidence for religious or ritual activity in the Iron Age period.

Nonetheless, others speculate, based on clear reference to the practice in Tacitus ' Iron Age work, Germania, that the bog bodies were criminals who were executed before being deposited in the bog rather than religious sacrifices.

Jacopo de ’ Barbari went a step further with his Still Life with Partridge, Iron Gloves, and Crossbow Arrows ( 1504 ), among the earliest signed and dated trompe-l ' œil still life paintings, which contains minimal religious content.

Even as the Iron Guard moved beyond traditional religious antisemitism to promote economic and racial antisemitism, and violence against Jews, they did not abandon religious belief and religious language and symbolism was used in the speeches, poetry and songs of the Iron Guard.

Other noteworthy archaeological finds which may depict early Norse religion are the Iron Age bog bodies such as the Tollund Man, who may have been ritually sacrificed in a seemingly religious context.

Germanic paganism refers to the theology and religious practices of the Germanic peoples from the Iron Age until their Christianization during the Medieval period.

Celtic polytheism, commonly known as Celtic paganism, comprises the religious beliefs and practices adhered to by the Iron Age peoples of Western Europe now known as the Celts, roughly between 500 BCE and 500 CE, spanning the La Tène period and the Roman era, and in the case of the Insular Celts the British and Irish Iron Age.

The rich and varied material has enabled scholars to perform cross-domain studies of the inhabitants ' social, economic and religious life, giving a good picture of an Iron Age agricultural settlement and its resources.

Vedism as the religious tradition of Hinduism of a priestly elite was marginalized by other traditions such as Jainism and Buddhism in the later Iron Age, but in the Middle Ages would rise to renewed prestige with the Mimamsa school, which as well as all other astika traditions of Hinduism, considered them authorless ( apaurusheyatva ) and eternal.

After the abandonment of the hill fort, the ring was used by the Romans as a religious site ( possibly due to similar Iron Age religious activity there ).

Babylonian religion is the religious practice of the Chaldeans, from the Old Babylonian period in the Middle Bronze Age until the rise of the Neo-Assyrian Empire in the Early Iron Age.