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Israel and judges
There are six minor judges and six major judges ; this brings the total number of judges to twelve, the same number as there are tribes of Israel.
Further themes are also present: the " sovereign freedom of Yahweh " ( God does not always do what is expected of him ); the " satirisation of foreign kings " ( who consistently underestimate Israel and Yahweh ); the concept of the " flawed agent " ( judges who are not adequate to the task before them ) and the disunity of the Israelite community ( which gathers pace as the stories succeed one another ).
The theological bias is seen in the way it judges each king of Israel on the basis of whether he recognises the authority of the temple in Jerusalem ( none do, and therefore all are " evil "), and each king of Judah on the basis of whether he destroys the " high places " ( rivals to the Temple in Jerusalem ); it gives only passing mention to important and successful kings like Omri and Jeroboam II and totally ignores one of the most significant events in ancient Israel's history, the battle of Qarqar.
The Israelites arrive at the mountain of God, where Moses ' father-in-law Jethro visits Moses ; at his suggestion Moses appoints judges over Israel.
So " Elohim " could refer to any number of " rulers ", such as angels, false gods ( as defined by Torah ), or even human holders of power including rulers or judges within Israel, as described in, without violating the parameters of monotheism.
The same word is, however, used in contemporary Israel to denote judges whose function and authority is similar to that in other modern countries.
Scribes in Ancient Israel, as in most of the ancient world, were distinguished professionals who could exercise functions we would associate with lawyers, government ministers, judges, or even financiers, as early as the 11th century BCE.
In December 2008, Israel and India signed a memorandum to set up an Indo-Israel Legal Colloquium to facilitate discussions and exchange programs between judges and jurists of the two countries.
The Sanhedrin ( Hebrew: sanhedrîn,, synedrion, " sitting together ," hence " assembly " or " council ") was an assembly of twenty-three judges appointed in every city in the Biblical Land of Israel.
Maimonides, in his Mishneh Torah, rules that " if all the sages In Israel would unanimously agree to appoint and ordain judges, then these new ordinants would possess the full authority of the original ordained judges " ( Hilchoth Sanhedrin 4: 11 ).
In ancient Israel there was a Sanhedrin headquarters ; it had 71 judges who judged special high profile cases, such as a judge who deviated from the majority opinion, false prophets, and the execution of the occupants of an entire city for idol worship per Deut.
The judges who awarded the prize, wrote of their decision to bestow the award on the group: " The uniqueness of Hagashash Hahiver is in its two faces: On the one hand, it reflects the life and the culture that were created in Israel during its first 50 years and in the course of wars, immigration absorption and the struggle for its existence.
Jesus chose the 12 to " sit on the 12 thrones to judge the tribes of Israel ," a symbolic role as the judges of the house of Israel.
The Deuteronomistic historians “ incorporated a variety of previously existing sources into their narrative of life in early Israel ” and the story of Ehud is one such example of a “ previously existing source ”, that has been edited to include “ the cyclical pattern ” typical of the stories of the major judges.
On 10 November 2011 Joubran, one of three Supreme Court judges deciding the fate of Israel ’ s former president, Moshe Katzav, upheld his conviction for rape.
On 22 September 1978, Barak began his service as a Justice on the Supreme Court of Israel – the youngest of all of the judges.
Posner, a judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit and authority on jurisprudence, criticised Barak's decision to interpret the Basic Laws as Israel's constitution, stating that " only in Israel ... do judges confer the power of abstract review on themselves, without benefit of a constitutional or legislative provision.
Kritarchy refers to the rule of judges (, shoftim ) in ancient Israel during the period of time described in the Book of Judges.

Israel and all
I said quietly, gaining nerve, ready to ask any question at all, no matter how intimate, ready to be rebuffed, `` Then why did she leave Israel??
It entailed the recruitment of clerical scholars from Mercia, Wales and abroad to enhance the tenor of the court and of the episcopacy ; the establishment of a court school to educate his own children, the sons of his nobles, and intellectually promising boys of lesser birth ; an attempt to require literacy in those who held offices of authority ; a series of translations into the vernacular of Latin works the king deemed " most necessary for all men to know "; the compilation of a chronicle detailing the rise of Alfred's kingdom and house ; and the issuance of a law code that presented the West Saxons as a new people of Israel and their king as a just and divinely inspired law-giver.
As it is with all nations that rise up against the kingdom of God, even Israel and Judah will not be exempt from the judgment of God because of their idolatry and unjust ways.
Other major ideas in the book of Amos include: social justice and concern for the disadvantaged ; the idea that Israel's covenant with God did not exempt them from accountability for sin ; God is God of all nations ; God is judge of all nations ; God is God of moral righteousness ; God made all people ; God elected Israel and then liberated Israel so that He would be known throughout the world ; election by God means that those elected are responsible to live according to the purposes clearly outlined to them in the covenant ; if God destroys the unjust, a remnant will remain ; and God is free to judge whether to redeem Israel.
These measures plus the improvement in Israel's relations with Egypt and Jordan, the renunciation of terrorism by the Palestine Liberation Organization, the on-going peace talks between the PLO and Israel, the collapse of the communist states in East Europe, which reduced the scope for sanctuaries for terrorists, and the more cautious attitude of countries such as Libya and Syria after the U. S. declared them State-sponsors of international terrorism, the collapse of ideological terrorist groups such as the Red Army Faction and the tightening of civil aviation security measures by all countries have arrested and reversed the steep upward movement of hijackings.
Only in Israel decompression is used on all luggage to check for pressure sensor detonators.
As his mother crossed the threshold of the door on her return, the youth died, and " all Israel mourned for him.
Almost all scholars agree that the book of Joshua holds little historical value for early Israel and most likely reflects a much later period.
Joshua charges the leaders of the Israelites to remain faithful to Yahweh and the covenant, warning of judgement should Israel leave Yahweh and follow other gods ; Joshua meets with all the people and reminds them of Yahweh's great works for them, and of the need to love Yahweh alone.
Yahweh's war campaign in Palestine validates Israel's entitlement to the land and provides a paradigm of how Israel was to live there: twelve tribes, with a designated leader, united by covenant in warfare and in worship of Yahweh alone at single sanctuary, all in obedience to the commands of Moses as found in Deuteronomy.
Joshua's two final addresses challenge the Israel of the future ( the readers of the story ) to obey the most important command of all, to worship Yahweh and no other gods.
These all culminate in frightening depictions of a powerful king who, like the Babylonian rulers of the court tales, attacks Israel, defiles the temple, and incurs divine judgment.
The first 39 chapters prophesy doom for a sinful Judah and for all the nations of the world that oppose God, while the last 27 prophesy the restoration of the nation of Israel and a new creation in God's glorious future kingdom ; this section includes the Songs of the Suffering Servant, four separate passages referring to the nation of Israel, interpreted by Christians as prefiguring the coming of Jesus Christ.
The next is between God and Abraham, and the third between God and all Israel at Mount Sinai.
Chapters 1: 1-2: 5 are thus a confession of failure ; chapters 2: 6-3: 6 are a major summary and reflection from the Deuteronomists, setting out the over all formula which the stories in the main text will follow: Israel " does evil in the eyes of Yahweh ;" the people are given into the hands of their enemies and cry out to Yahweh ; Yahweh raises up a leader ; the " spirit of Yahweh " comes upon the leader, the enemy is defeated, and peace is regained.
David is then anointed King of all Israel.

Israel and courts
Israel ben Eliezer's disciples attracted many followers, who themselves established numerous Hasidic courts across Europe.
In Israel, religious courts handle marriage and divorce cases, conversion and financial disputes in the Jewish community.
Rabbi Aryeh Strikovski ( Machanaim Yeshiva and Pardes Institute ) worked in the 1990s with Rabbi Avraham Shapira ( then a co-Chief rabbi of Israel ) to initiate the program for training Orthodox women as halakhic Toanot (" advocates ") in rabbinic courts.
* Rabbi Aryeh Strikovski ( Mahanayim Yeshiva and Pardes Institute ) worked in the 1990s with Rabbi Avraham Shapira ( then a co-Chief rabbi of Israel ) to initiate the program for training Orthodox women as halakhic Toanot (" advocates ") in rabbinic courts.
The Attorney General of Israel is the head of the public prosecution from the state, the person who advises the government in legal matters, the person who represents the state's authorities in the courts, and advises in preparation of law memoranda of the government in general and the Justice Minister in particular ( likewise he examines and advises for private proposals for a law of Knesset members ).
The group accuses Israel of apartheid and has recommended action against Israel at the World Conference Against Racism ( WCAR ) and prosecution in various international courts.
McGill students also gain clerkships at Courts of Appeal across Canada and in foreign courts, for example the Supreme Court of Israel.
Heavily favored Russia was hosted by Israel in a Davis Cup quarterfinal tie in July 2009, on indoor hard courts at the Nokia Arena in Tel Aviv.
These courts can be found in Australia, Brazil, Canada, England and Wales, Ireland, Israel, New Zealand, Scotland, South Africa, Hong Kong, and the United States.
Since 2008, Haredi Orthodox religious courts in Israel have been rejecting conversions from some other Orthodox rabbis, in addition to Reform and Conservative conversions, as not being stringent enough.
While an Israel Patent Attorney's work is similar to that of, for example, a US Patent Agent, section 155 of the Israel Patent law authorizes a patent attorney to represent a client in contested and uncontested proceedings before the ILPO and in the courts ( provided in the latter case that the representation does not concern legal aspects of the dispute and that the client is also represented by an attorney-at-law who is present in court ).
The District Courts in Israel serve both as the appellate courts and also as the court of first instance for some cases ( e. g. real estate or IP ).
Elias made appeals several times to the Supreme Court of Israel, and has had Palestinian politicians among his clients in Israeli courts .. Elias gained fame in the 1970s when he led a legal battle against the Israeli settlers of Sebastia and Elon Moreh.
There are currently two rebbes, whose courts are located in Borough Park, Brooklyn, New York and in Jerusalem, Israel.
Heavily favored Russia was hosted by Israel in a Davis Cup quarter-final tie in July 2009, on indoor hard courts at the Nokia Arena in Tel Aviv.
Heavily favored Russia was hosted by Israel in a Davis Cup quarterfinal tie in July 2009, on indoor hard courts at the Nokia Arena in Tel Aviv.
In the modern State of Israel, the law concerning matters of marriage, divorce, and personal status, is partially under the jurisdiction of religious courts.
For example, in 1989 the United States Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of a California law similar to the restriction Israel imposes on its courts, requiring children born within a marriage to be regarded as being children of the married couple and requiring courts to refuse to entertain paternity claims and evidence brought by a third party.
It has been taught ; R. Jose said ; Originally there were not many disputes in Israel, but one Beth din of seventy-one members sat in the Hall of Hewn Stones, and two courts of twenty-three sat, one at the entrance of the Temple Mount and one at the door of the Court, and other courts of twenty-three sat in all Jewish cities.
Israel ( ranked 8th in the Davis Cup standings, with 5, 394 points ) hosted heavily favored Russia ( which won in both 2002 and 2006, and was the top-ranked country in Davis Cup standings, with 27, 897 points ) in a Davis Cup quarterfinal tie in July 2009, on indoor hard courts at the Nokia Arena in Tel Aviv.

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