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Istanbul and Fleming
Whilst in Istanbul, Fleming wrote an account of the Istanbul Pogroms, " The Great Riot of Istanbul ", which was published in The Sunday Times on 11 September 1955.
Using the Orient Express as a plot device came from two sources: Fleming had returned from the Istanbul conference in 1955 on the train, but found the experience drab, partly because there was no restaurant car.

Istanbul and met
In Istanbul, Gurdjieff also met Captain John G. Bennett, then head of British Military Intelligence in Constantinople.
Gurdjieff, whom Bennett met in Istanbul in 1921.
In Istanbul Schütte-Lihotzky also met fellow Austrian Herbert Eichholzer, an architect who at the time was busy organizing Communist resistance to the Nazi regime.
In November 1714, as a direct result of Swedish defeats in the Great Northern War against Imperial Russia, Swedish King Charles XII unsuccessfully sought an alliance with Sultan Ahmed III ; on his way back from Istanbul, the monarch, met by troops under the command of Axel Sparre, passed through Pitești, and, after a three-week stay, made his way to Swedish Pomerania through Habsburg-ruled regions.
George Ghica is said to have been a close friend to an Albanian known to history as Kupruli Aga, a famous vizier, who met George while he was building his business in the streets of Istanbul and helped him on to high positions.
The evidence was often not just non-existent but absurd, with Hungarian George Paloczi-Horváth ’ s party interrogators delightedly exclaiming " We knew all the time — we have it here in writing — that you met professor Szentgyörgyi not in Istanbul, but in Constantinople.
The same year Levski met its first international opponents, losing to Gallipoli Istanbul 0: 1 and winning against Kuban Istanbul 6: 0.
On January 5, 2010, Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna went to Istanbul, where she met with the Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople and Mustafa Cagrici, Grand Mufti of Istanbul.
It was in Istanbul that he met and married Miriam Bach and had 2 sons ( Robert and David ) while teaching and studying at Robert College where he received a degree in mechanical engineering.
Accompanying George, who was by then chasing fast planes-in addition to his numerous women-Marthe flew everywhere: the United Kingdom ( she counted among her friends the Duke of Devonshire Edward Cavendish, the Duke of Sutherland George, Vita Sackville-West, Philip Sassoon, Enid Bagnold, Violet Trefusis, Lady Leslie and Rothschild family members ), Belgium, Italy ( where she met Benito Mussolini in 1936 ), the Italian colony of Tripolitania ( Libya ), Istanbul, the United States ( in 1934, as guests of Franklin D. Roosevelt and his wife Eleanor ), Raguse, Belgrade and Athens.
It was while he was in Istanbul that Chenery met Percy Smythe, who first sparked Chenery's interest in philological studies, a field in which he would subsequently gain prominence.
From Istanbul, Paul and Helen travel to Budapest, Hungary, to further investigate the location of Dracula's tomb and to meet with Helen's mother, who they believe may have knowledge of Rossi – the two had met during his travels to Romania in the 1930s.
In 2006, Pope Benedict XVI travelled by car to the Diyanet, where he met with its then president, Ali Bardakoğlu, and with various Turkish Muslim leaders, among them the Grand Mufti of Ankara and the Grand Mufti of Istanbul.

Istanbul and Nazim
Modern day Sufi shaykhs with large followers in Turkey include Shaykh Mehmet Effendi ( residing in Istanbul ) and Mawlana Sheikh Nazim Al-Haqqani who resides in Lefka, North Cyprus.

Istanbul and who
Anthemius of Tralles ( c. 474 – before 558 ; ) was a Greek professor of Geometry in Constantinople ( present-day Istanbul in Turkey ) and architect, who collaborated with Isidore of Miletus to build the church of Hagia Sophia by the order of Justinian I. Anthemius came from an educated family, one of five sons of Stephanus of Tralles, a physician.
Another youth Mehmed found attractive, and who was presumably more accommodating, was Radu III the Fair, the brother of the famous Vlad the Impaler, “ Radu, a hostage in Istanbul whose good looks had caught the Sultan ’ s fancy, and who was thus singled out to serve as one of his most favored pages .” After the defeat of Vlad, Mehmed placed Radu on the throne of Wallachia as a vassal ruler.
During Ottoman times, the Mevlevi produced a number of notable poets and musicians, including Sheikh Ghalib, Ismail Rusuhi Dede of Ankara, Esrar Dede, Halet Efendi, and Gavsi Dede, who are all buried at the Galata Mewlewī Khāna ( Turkish: Mevlevi-Hane ) in Istanbul.
According to investigative journalist Lucy Komisar, Mehmet Ali Ağca had worked with Abdullah Çatlı in the 1979 assassination, who " then reportedly helped organize Ağca's escape from an Istanbul military prison, and some have suggested Çatlı was even involved in the Pope's assassination attempt ".
In Istanbul, the team recruits Peter Riviera, an artist, thief, and drug addict who is able to project detailed holographic illusions with the aid of sophisticated cybernetic implants.
Earlier, the guilds of writers had denounced the printing press as " the Devil's Invention ", and were responsible for a 53-year lag between its invention by Johannes Gutenberg in Europe in c. 1440 and its introduction to the Ottoman society with the first Gutenberg press in Istanbul that was established by the Sephardic Jews of Spain in 1493 ( who had migrated to the Ottoman Empire a year earlier, escaping from the Spanish Inquisition of 1492.
Samuel Morse received his first ever patent for the telegraph in 1847, at the old Beylerbeyi Palace ( the present Beylerbeyi Palace was built in 1861 – 1865 on the same location ) in Istanbul, which was issued by Sultan Abdülmecid who personally tested the new invention.
Head of operations at OSS Istanbul was a banker from Chicago named Lanning " Packy " Macfarland who maintained the cover story as a banker for the American lend-lease program.
* Jewish refugees who arrived in Istanbul and were assisted in going on to Palestine or other destinations
Samuel Morse received a patent for the telegraph in 1847, at the old Beylerbeyi Palace ( the present Beylerbeyi Palace was built in 1861 – 1865 on the same location ) in Istanbul, which was issued by Sultan Abdülmecid who personally tested the new invention.
This kind of inoculation and other forms of variolation were introduced into England by Lady Montagu, a famous English letter-writer and wife of the English ambassador at Istanbul between 1716 and 1718, who almost died from smallpox as a young adult and was physically scarred from it.
The breakthrough came when a scientific description of the inoculation operation was submitted to the Royal Society in 1724 by Dr Emmanual Timoni, who had been the Montagu's family physician in Istanbul.
The Janissary Tree and its sequels are crime novels set in Istanbul in the 1830's, written by Jason Goodwin featuring Yashim-an eunuch detective, who is resourceful and learned in both the Ottoman culture and that of the West, enjoys the trust of the Sultan and high officials, and prefers to live in a rather bohemian lodging outside the palace complex.
Ahmed Asım Bey's predecessor was his son ; Mehmed Nebil Bey ( Born in Istanbul, 1888 ) who also served as a governor during Ottoman Empire in Syria.
' Tex ' was a real person Billy encountered after his arrest, who indeed pulled a gun on him, but that was when they were riding in the police car from the Istanbul airport to the police station after Billy attempted to sneak out of the car while it was stopped at a red traffic light.
For the 1829 campaign on the Danube, Tsar Nicholas dismissed the ailing Wittgenstein and handed the Russian command to his more aggressive compatriot, Count von Diebitsch, who succeeded in capturing Silistra and then surprised the Ottomans with a high-speed drive for the Ottoman capital Constantinople ( Istanbul ), bypassing Shumla and routing an Ottoman army sent to intercept him.
* The most prominent sub-group consists of the descendants of the Jews expelled from Spain in 1492, who settled in various parts of the Ottoman Empire, in particular Salonica and Istanbul, and whose traditional language is Judaeo-Spanish, sometimes known as Judezmo or Ladino.
During his engagement with the New York Philharmonic, Hans Lange, the son of the last Master of the Sultan's Music in Istanbul, who was later to become conductor at the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and the legendary founder of the New Mexico Symphony Orchestra as a professional ensemble, was his concert master.
During the final years of his reign Hyder Ali also planned to send an embassy to the Ottoman Sultan Mustafa III, but it was his son Tipu Sultan who succeeded in making direct contact with Istanbul.
Former standouts from the Nebraska Wrestling Team include 2004 Greco-Roman Olympic Gold Medalist at 120 kg Rulon Gardner and NCAA Champion in 2009 and 2011 Jordan Burroughs who won the 2011 Freestyle World Championships at 74 kg in Istanbul, Turkey.
Born in Quincy, Massachusetts, Armand Zildjian was the scion of a cymbals-making tradition that dated back to his ancestor Avedis, who began the company in 1623 in Istanbul.
As a result he developed into a prominent ideologue and advocate of Pan-Turkism during the early republican period, whose writings became widely read and who became one of the leading university professors in Istanbul.
Kanto was heavily influenced by musical theatre, Roma ( gypsy ) music ( which was however often a subject of satire in kanto songs ), and Rum music ( especially the Istanbul Rum who were so fond of urban forms of entertainment ).

Istanbul and became
Rich in Christian and Moslem art, Istanbul is today a fascinating museum of East and West that recently became a seaside resort as well with the development of new beaches on the Bosphorus and the Sea of Marmara only a short distance from the center of town.
He became a four-star general and served three years as vice chairman of the Turkish Armed Forces, then appointed commander of the Turkish First Army, in Istanbul.
After the Napoleonic Wars, North Africa became increasingly ungovernable from Istanbul by the Ottoman Empire, the resort of pirates under local beys, and as Europe industrialized, an increasingly prized potential for colonization.
These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.
Gay pride march in Istanbul started with 30 people in 2003 and in 2010 the participation became 5, 000.
In 1889, the train's eastern terminus became Varna in Bulgaria, where passengers could take a ship to Istanbul.
The Simplon Orient Express soon became the most important rail route between Paris and Istanbul.
Edirne served as the capital city of the Ottoman Empire from 1365 to 1453, before Constantinople ( Istanbul ) became the empire's new capital.
Following its capture by the Ottoman Sultan Murad I in 1365, Edirne served as the capital city of the Ottoman Empire from 1365 to 1453 ; until the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople ( Istanbul ) which became the empire's new capital.
In 1993 the island became a property of Istanbul University's department of Marine Life and Sea Products, which used it for lessons and research.
The Topkapı Palace is among the monuments contained within the " Historic Areas of Istanbul ", which became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985, and is described in Criterion iv as " the best example of ensembles of palaces [...] of the Ottoman period.
İstiklal Avenue once again became the center of fine arts and leisure in Istanbul, with real estate prices skyrocketing as a result.
The venues around the avenue became the host of many international art festivals, such as the annual Istanbul Film Festival.
At the end of the century, however, Radu IV the Great ( 1495 – 1508 ) became an obedient subject of the sultan and visited Istanbul annually to personally offer the tribute.
While holidaying in Europe during 1930, he became the first American to visit Trotsky in exile, on an island called Prinkipo in Russian, one of the Princes ' Islands near Istanbul, Turkey.
He became a guest at the Imperial Topkapı Palace for a short while and left Istanbul on a ship reserved for him by the Sultan.
Foot persuaded Kimche to return as joint editor in 1946 ( after Mulally's departure to the Sunday Pictorial ) and eventually himself became joint editor with Anderson in 1948 after Kimche was fired for disappearing from the office to Istanbul to negotiate the safe passage of two Jewish refugee ships through the Bosporus and Dardanelles.
Turkish nationalist sentiment, angered by the discrimination against the Turkish Cypriots in Greece, became inflamed at the idea that Cyprus would be ceded to Greece, and the Greek communities of Istanbul were targeted in the Istanbul Pogrom of 1955.
Recently, the desire to reestablish the Greek Orthodox seminary on Heybeli Island near Istanbul became a political issue in regard to Turkey's accession to EU membership.
Edirne ( Adrianople ) was the Ottoman capital between 1365 and 1453, when Istanbul ( Constantinople ) became the new capital, and it is here that we witness the final stages in the architectural development which culminated in the construction of the great mosques of Istanbul.

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