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Jewish and tradition
the combination
of the Jewish intellectual
tradition and the sensibility needed to
be a writer created in my circle
the most potent
and incredible intellectual-literary ambition I have ever seen
or could ever have imagined
.
In metaphysics
, Aristotelianism had a profound influence on philosophical
and theological thinking in
the Islamic
and Jewish traditions in
the Middle Ages
, and it continues to influence Christian theology
, especially
the scholastic
tradition of the Catholic Church
.

Although there is no reference to reincarnation in
the Talmud
or any prior writings
, according to rabbis such as Rabbi Avraham Arieh Trugman
, reincarnation is
recognized as being part
and parcel
of Jewish tradition.

His tomb
, according to a medieval
Jewish tradition, is considered to
be in a building not far from
the Cave
of the Patriarchs
.

Scholars think that Luke attempts to legitimate Christianity
by rooting it in Israelite
tradition as evidenced
by Luke constantly relating Christianity to
Jewish religion
.
Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella
, and this
tradition has existed continuously in both
of these religions as well as in Islam
.

The rationalistic method pursued
by the new school
of Maimonists
( including Levi ben Abraham ben Chayyim
of Villefranche
, near
the town
of Perpignan
, and Jacob Anatolio
) especially provoked his indignation ; for
the sermons preached
and the works published
by them seemed to resolve
the entire Scriptures into allegory
and threatened to undermine
the Jewish faith
and the observance
of the Law
and tradition.

Benjamin () was
the last-born
of Jacob's twelve sons
, and the second
and last son
of Rachel in
Jewish, Christian
and Islamic
tradition.

Muslim
tradition, however
, fleshes out
the details regarding Benjamin
and refers to him as being born from Jacob's wife Rachel
, and further links a connection
, as does
Jewish tradition, between
the names
of Benjamin's children
and Joseph
.

The combined book Ezra-Nehemiah
of the earliest Christian
and Jewish period was known as Ezra
and was probably attributed to him ; according to a rabbinic
tradition, however
, Nehemiah was
the real author but was forbidden to claim authorship because
of his bad habit
of disparaging others
.
Jewish and Christian
tradition held that
the entire book is
by the 8th century BCE prophet Isaiah
, but scholars have concluded since
the late 19th century that it cannot
be by a single author
.

According to
Jewish tradition the author was Samuel himself
, but this idea is no longer regarded as tenable
.

According to
Jewish tradition the author
of Kings was Jeremiah
, whose life overlapped
the fall
of Jerusalem in 586 BCE
.
Jewish tradition regards it as a redaction
by the Great Assembly
of an original text written
by Mordecai
.
Jewish tradition relates that Esther was
the mother
of a King Darius
and so some try to identify Ahasuerus with Artaxerxes I
and Esther with Kosmartydene
.

This reading is related to
the allegorical reading
of the Song
of Solomon
and to
the theme
of the Bride
of God
, which in
Jewish tradition manifests as
the Shekinah
.

Although his
name does not appear in any other part
of the Jewish Bible
, Rabbinic
tradition holds Habakkuk to
be the Shunammite woman's son
, who was restored to life
by Elisha in 2 Kings 4: 16
.

However
, according to The
Jewish Alchemists
, Maria
the Jewess was an ancient alchemist
who lived in Alexandria
, which would seem to contradict
the tradition that she was Moses ' sister: Alexandria was founded
by Alexander
the Great in 334 BC
, while Moses is thought to have lived around 1450-1200 BC
.

The term conservative was meant to signify that Jews should attempt to conserve
Jewish tradition, rather than reform
or abandon it
, and does not imply
the movement's adherents are politically conservative
.

He called his approach towards Judaism " Positive-Historical ," which meant that one should have a positive attitude towards accepting
Jewish law
and tradition as normative
, yet one should
be open to developing
the law in
the same fashion that it has always historically developed
.

: Seventh
, Jewish law
and tradition, properly understood
and interpreted
, will enrich
Jewish life
and help mold
the world closer to
the prophetic vision
of the Kingdom
of God
.

Beliefs about God in
the tradition of Jewish rationalism have been described as " reemergent " within
the movement
.

Concerning interpretation
of Halakha
( or Jewish law ): because
of Judaism's legal
tradition, the fundamental differences between modern
Jewish denominations also involve
the relevance
, interpretation
, and application
of Jewish law
and tradition.
Jewish and sacredness

By
the 15th century
, its authority in
the Spanish
Jewish community was such that Joseph ibn Shem-Tov drew from it arguments in his attacks against Maimonides
, and even representatives
of non-mystical
Jewish thought began to assert its
sacredness and invoke its authority in
the decision
of some ritual questions
.

They are treated as respected texts
, but not anywhere near
the level
of sacredness accorded a Sefer
Torah, which is often a major possession
of a
Jewish community
.
In it Bahye discusses
the following subjects: belief
and faith in God ;
the divine attributes
and the nature
of providence ;
the duty
of loving God
, and of walking before God in simplicity
and humility
of heart ;
the fear
of God ;
Jewish prayer ; benevolence
, and the love
of mankind ; peace ;
the administration
of justice
, and the sacredness of the oath ;
the duty
of respecting
the property
and honor
of one's fellow man ;
the Jewish holidays
, and halakha
( loosely translated as "
Jewish law ".
Jewish and divine
Jewish mystics
who believed in reincarnation accepted it as a
divine reality
.

According to
the Jewish Encyclopedia on David descendant Jehoash
of Judah:
In Rabbinical Literature: As
the extermination
of the male descendants
of David was a
divine retribution for
the extermination
of the priests because
of David
( comp
.
In contrast to both
, most Conservative positions affirm
the divine but nonverbal revelation
of written
Torah as
the authentic
, historically correct
Jewish view
.

All contemporary
Jewish movements consider
the Tanakh
, and the Oral
Torah in
the form
of the Mishnah
and Talmuds as sacred
, although movements are divided as to claims concerning their
divine revelation
, and also their authority
.

They also believe there are traditional formulas that date back to Moses on how
the divine law may
be interpreted-see above
, " Rules
by which early
Jewish law was derived ".

This bodily position
and the practice
of rhythmically breathing while invoking a
divine name seems to
be common to both
Jewish Merkabah mysticism
and Christian Hesychasm
.

The destruction
of the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem
and the exile to Babylon was considered a
divine reprimand
and punishment for
the mistaken worship
of other deities
.

He taught them that true Divine service consisted
of not only religious scholarship
, but also a sincere love
of God combined with warm faith
and belief in
the efficacy
of prayer ; that
the ordinary person filled with a sincere belief in God
, and whose prayers come from
the heart
, is more acceptable to God than someone versed in
and fully observant
of Jewish law
who lacks inspiration in his
divine service
.

Orthodox Judaism maintains that
the Torah and Jewish law are
divine in origin
, eternal
and unalterable
, and that they should
be strictly followed
.

While
the Jewish Messiah is considered to
be one
of the things that precede creation
, he is not considered to
be divine nor is he considered to
be Jesus
, in sharp contrast to Christian belief
.

They sought to modernize education in light
of contemporary scholarship
, they rejected claims
of absolute
divine authorship
of the Torah, declaring only those biblical laws concerning ' ethics ' to
be binding
, and stated that
the rest
of halakha
( Jewish religious law
) need not
be viewed as normative for Jews in wider society
.

Conversely
, Elijah Delmedigo
( c
. 1458 – c
. 1493 ), in his Bechinat ha-Dat endeavored to show that
the Zohar could not
be attributed to Shimon bar Yochai
, arguing that if it were his work
, the Zohar would have been mentioned
by the Talmud
, as has been
the case with other works
of the Talmudic period
, that had bar Yochai known
by divine revelation
the hidden meaning
of the precepts
, his decisions on
Jewish law from
the Talmudic period would have been adopted
by the Talmud
, that it would not contain
the names
of rabbis
who lived at a later period than that
of Simeon ;
and that if
the Kabbalah was a revealed doctrine
, there would have been no divergence
of opinion among
the Kabbalists concerning
the mystic interpretation
of the precepts
.

Thus
, in
the language
of some
Jewish poets
, the beloved one's curls indicate
the mysteries
of the Deity ; sensuous pleasures
, and especially intoxication
, typify
the highest degree
of divine love as ecstatic contemplation ; while
the wine-room represents merely
the state through which
the human qualities merge
or are exalted into those
of God
.

The Seder is integral to
Jewish faith
and identity: as explained in
the Haggadah
, if not for
divine intervention
and the Exodus
, the Jewish people would still
be slaves in Egypt
.

" Whereas
the earlier
Jewish philosophers extended
the omniscience
of God to include
the free acts
of man
, and had argued that human freedom
of decision was not affected
by God's foreknowledge
of its results
, Ibn Daud
, evidently following Alexander
of Aphrodisias
, excludes human action from
divine foreknowledge
.

According to
the Jewish Encyclopedia on David's descendant Joash
( Jehoash
of Judah ), Rabbinical literature would deem
the extermination
of the male descendants
of David as a
divine retribution for David's action which led to
the extermination
of the priests
by Saul
( cf
.

") Accordingly
, in classic
Jewish thought
, the Shekhinah refers to a dwelling
or settling in a special sense
, a dwelling
or settling
of divine presence
, to
the effect that
, while in proximity to
the Shekhinah
, the connection to God is more readily perceivable
.

According to
Jewish tradition, however
, the Temple lacked
the Shekinah / Ruach HaKodesh
, the dwelling
or settling
divine presence
of God
, present in
the first
.

They do not recognize
divine authorship
or inspiration in any other book in
the Jewish Tanakh
.

Kook
writes " When
the end comes
and Israel fails to recognize it
, there comes a cruel
divine operation that removes
Jewish people from its exile
.
In some later
Jewish writings
, most notably those
of the Hasidic masters
, the theology
of a "
divine test " is rejected
, and the sacrifice
of Isaac is interpreted as a " punishment " for Abraham's earlier " mistreatment "
of Ishmael
, his elder son
, whom he expelled from his household at
the request
of his wife
, Sarah
.

For Nahmanides
, divine revelation is
the best guide in all these questions
, and proceeds to give his views on
Jewish views
of the afterlife
.

Next to belief in miracles Nahmanides places three other beliefs
, which are
, according to him
, the Jewish principles
of faith
, namely
, the belief in creation out
of nothing
, in
the omniscience
of God
, and in
divine providence
.
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