Kamprad's second wife, Margaretha Kamprad-Stennert, died from an undisclosed disease in 2011.

IKEA was founded in 1943 at Kamprad's uncle Ernst's kitchen table.

However, as of March 2011, Kamprad's net worth had declined substantially ( down US $ 17 billion ) to a final value of US $ 6 billion.

In the absence of such a provision in the bylaws of a society or assembly, what constitutes a quorum differs.

Through his work in Vienna, he was given leave of absence for half the year in order to let him travel the world to collect musical information to include in his History of Music book.

The sort of remedies sought from courts in Public Interest Litigation go beyond mere award of damages to all affected groups and have sometimes ( controversially ) gone on to include Court monitoring of the implementation of legislation and even the framing of guidelines in the absence of Parliamentary legislation.

# Under certain conditions, involving primarily complete absence of threat to the self structure, experiences which are inconsistent with it may be perceived and examined, and the structure of self revised to assimilate and include such experiences.

These include absence ( petit mal ), myoclonic, clonic, tonic, tonic-clonic ( grand mal ), and atonic seizures.

* 1836 Dr. Phillip Syng Physic expands this concept to include a chronic frequency, urgency and pain syndrome occurring in the absence of demonstrable etiology

The criteria for bipolar disorder do not include depressive episodes, and the presence of mania in the absence of depressive episodes is sufficient for a diagnosis.

Other factors suspected to affect degradation rate include the rate deamination of glutamine and asparagine and oxidation of cystein, histidine and methionine, the absence of stabilizing ligands, the presence of attached carbohydrate or phosphate groups, the presence of free α-amino group, the negative charge of protein, and the flexibility and stability of the protein.

Diagnostic hints that another disorder is responsible include the absence of Raynaud's phenomenon, a lack of abnormalities in the skin on the hands, a lack of internal organ involvement, and a normal antinuclear antibodies test result.

These include absence, myoclonic, clonic, tonic, tonic – clonic, and atonic seizures.

The difficulties of this theory include reconciling the differences between an unbroken week and a lunar week, and explaining the absence of texts naming the lunar week as shabbat in any language.

The possible reasons behind this seeming abrupt transition from the absence of stone tools to the presence thereof include ... gaps in the geological record.

Information received from nongovernment ( sic ) sources indicates that discrimination does exist in certain sectors of the public administration ; examples include the decline in the number of Sikhs in the police force and the military, and the absence of Sikhs in personal bodyguard units since the murder of Indira Gandhi ".

The characteristics of anuran adults include: nine or fewer presacral vertebrae, a long and forward sloping ilium, the presence of a urostyle, no tail, shorter forelimb than hindlimb, radius and ulna fused, tibia and fibula fused, elongate ankle bones, absence of a frontal parietal bone, presence of a hyoid plate, a lower jaw without teeth, an unsupported tongue, subcutaneous lymph spaces between the skin and muscle layer and a protractor lentis muscle attached to the lens of the eye.

The " intermediate " rocks include those characterized by the general absence of both quartz and olivine.

Other arguments for the iatrogenic position, include the lack of children diagnosed with DID, the sudden spike in incidence after 1980 ( although DID was not a diagnosis until DSM-IV, published in 1994 ), the absence of evidence of increased rates of child abuse, the appearance of the disorder almost exclusively in individuals undergoing psychotherapy, particularly involving hypnosis, the presences of bizarre alternate identities ( such as those claiming to be animals or mythological creatures ) and an increase in the number of alternate identities over time ( as well as an initial increase in their number as psychotherapy begins in DID-oriented therapy.

It is generally understood that the necessary components for the functioning of an idealized free market include the complete absence of government regulation, subsidies, artificial price pressures and government-granted monopolies ( usually classified as coercive monopoly by free market advocates ) and no taxes or tariffs other than what is necessary for the government to provide protection from coercion and theft and maintaining peace, and property rights.

Preferred weather conditions include the absence of clouds and little water vapor in the higher atmosphere to minimize greenhouse effects and sufficient humidity of the air near the ground.

Kallmann's syndrome-disorder that can include several characteristics such as absence of the sense of smell and decreased functional activity of the gonads ( organs that produce sex cells ), affecting growth and sexual development.

Other " hidden " consonant phonemes that have been suggested include semivowels such as and, and a glottal fricative or a glottal stop that could explain the absence of vowel contraction in some words — though objections have been raised against that as well.

Other distinctive features include a pair of converging grooves under the throat, and the absence of a notch in the tail fluke.

The synapomorphies of genus Giardia include cells with duplicate organelles, absence of cytostomes, and ventral adhesive disc.

The various reasons include: faster healing and easier cleaning of road rash, less pain during leg massage, aesthetics, vanity – by more clearly displaying leg muscles – fitting in with cycling peers, " feeling faster " without the feel of wind on body hair so less drag, a sense that Lycra cycling shorts " stick " to the skin better with shaved legs, and a sense that the absence of leg hair assists in preventing ingrown hairs in the upper thighs from tight-fitting Lycra shorts.

The City Council members include the city's Mayor who is responsible for serving as meeting chair and official spokesman for the City Council, and the Mayor Pro Tem who is responsible for performing the Mayor's duties in the latter's absence, both of whom are elected every two years by their fellow council members.

Board characters include Toad, Baby Bowser, and Boo, with the notable absence of Bowser and Koopa Troopa ( although both have roles in the game ).

In view of the acceptance accorded the status of motor vehicles for tax purposes, in the absence of any specific provision it would seem entirely consistent to apply the same interpretation to boats or aircraft.

Therefore an affidavit cannot ordinarily be used as evidence in absence of specific order of the Court.

" In the 1999 South Carolina Supreme Court case State v. Gaines, the Court held that Alford guilty pleas were to be held valid in the absence of a specific on-the-record ruling that the pleas were voluntary – provided that the sentencing judge acted appropriately in accordance with the rules for acceptance of a plea made voluntarily by the defendant.

An abettor differs from an accessory in that he must be present at the commission of the crime ; all abettors ( with certain exceptions ) are principals, and, in the absence of specific statutory provision to the contrary, are punishable to the same extent as the actual perpetrator of the offence.

Another example is the designing of transgenic plants to grow under specific environments in the presence ( or absence ) of chemicals.

Several specific terms categorize directors by the presence or absence of their other relationships to the organization.

In the absence of a direct physiological or genetic test or marker for each disease, it is only possible to distinguish them by their specific pattern of symptoms.

It is also affected by differences in absorptivity and specific heat of the ground which in the absence of wind greatly influences the temperature attained by the superincumbent air.

Madison objected to a specific bill of rights for several reasons: he thought it was unnecessary, since it purported to protect against powers that the federal government had not been granted ; that it was dangerous, since enumeration of some rights might be taken to imply the absence of other rights ; and that at the state level, bills of rights had proven to be useless paper barriers against government powers.

Gerhard Kubik notes that with the exception of New Orleans, early blues lacked complex polyrhythms, and there was a " very specific absence of asymmetric time-line patterns ( key patterns ) in virtually all early-twentieth-century African American music.

* The Benefit Improvement Law ( 1973 ), which made entitlement to hospital care legally binding ( entitlements already enjoyed in practice ), abolished time limits for hospital care, introduced entitlement to household assistance under specific conditions, and also introduced entitlement to leave of absence from work and cash benefits in the event of a child ’ s illness.

In the absence of specific exceptional treatment in style guides, the possessives of these plurals are formed by adding an apostrophe and an s in the standard way: seven titmice's tails were found, the dice's last fall was a seven, his few pence's value was not enough to buy bread.

Accordingly, when Enrico Caruso ( 1873 – 1921 ) — the most emulated Mediterranean tenor of the 20th century — made his acclaimed New York Metropolitan Opera debut in November 1903, one of the specific vocal attributes for which he was praised by music reviewers was the absence of a disruptive vibrato from his singing.

The public image of diplomats has been described as " a caricature of pinstriped men gliding their way around a never-ending global cocktail party " J. W. Burton has noted that " despite the absence of any specific professional training, diplomacy has a high professional status, due perhaps to a degree of secrecy and mystery that its practitioners self-consciously promote.

This is a significant departure, with the goal of streamlining application code by removing capability-checking code and special cases based on the presence or absence of specific capabilities.

As with the absence of specific level zones, this creates a higher degree of unpredicatability than in most games of this type.

In tendons, the collagen I fibres have some flexibility due to the absence of hydroxyproline and proline residues at specific locations in the amino acid sequence, which allows the formation of other conformations such as bends or internal loops in the triple helix and results in the development of crimps.

Others argue that belief in the ' absence ' of culture in NZ is a symptom of white privilege, allowing members of a dominant group to see their culture as ' normal ' or ' default ', rather than as a specific position of relative advantage.

Agnosia ( from ancient Greek ἀγνωσία, " ignorance ", " absence of knowledge ") is a loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, or smells while the specific sense is not defective nor is there any significant memory loss.

In the absence of such control or alternative arrangements such as a privatized electromagnetic spectrum, chaos might result if, for example, airlines didn't have specific frequencies to work under and an amateur radio operator were interfering with the pilot's ability to land an aircraft.

It also provides that in the absence of such a document, a surviving spouse, or if there is no spouse, a list of specific relatives in order of preference, can make the gift.

Joint ownership is automatically presumed by law in the absence of specific evidence that would point to a contrary conclusion for a particular piece of property.

* Fairness, absence of bias in specific realms:

In the absence of a specific appeals court, the only remedy from a decision of a Tribunal may be a judicial review to the High Court, which will often be more limited in scope than an appeal.