* September 19 – Under pressure from the Carter Administration, President Anastasio Somoza Debayle lifts the state of siege in Nicaragua.

In Nicaragua, the Contra War ended after the Sandinista government, facing military and political pressure, agreed to new elections, in which the contras ' political wing participated, in 1990.

Under pressure from American troops who had occupied Nicaragua, the liberals lost power the following year, and remained out of power until 1926 when, following another revolt, they forced the conservatives into a coalition government.

Shorty after Sandino returned to Nicaragua, the Constitutionalist War began when Liberal soldiers in the Caribbean port of Puerto Cabezas revolted against Conservative President Adolfo Díaz, recently installed as a result of United States pressure following a coup.

Just as a river flows from high elevations to lower elevations, the air in the high pressure system will flow " downhill " toward lower pressure, but the Cordillera mountains block the flow of air, channeling it through Chivela Pass in Mexico, the lake district of Nicaragua, and also Gaillard ( Culebra ) Cut in Panama.

The next years would see an increase of pressure by the people of Nicaragua against Somoza.

One female, collected on an island off the coast of Nicaragua, was gravid and measured 4 feet 8 inches from snout to vent ( her tail should be between 6 and 7 inches long ).

* 1838 – Nicaragua declares independence from the Central American Federation.

In 1886, Jules Marcou said Vespucci renamed himself from Alberigo Vespucci ( Albericus Vespucius ) to Amerigo Vespucci after meeting the native inhabitants of the eponymous Amerrique mountain ranges of Nicaragua that connect North America and South America, an important geographic feature of New World maps and charts.

* Immigrants-385 899 = 9. 03 % ( Mostly from Nicaragua, Colombia and United States )

The contras ( some references use the capitalized form, " Contras ") is a label given to the various rebel groups opposing the Sandinista Junta of National Reconstruction government in Nicaragua that were active from 1979 through to the early 1990s.

He confined himself to operate in the southern part of Nicaragua ; after a press conference he was holding on 30 May 1984 was bombed, he " voluntarily withdrew " from the contra struggle.

" After the U. S. enforced the embargo, Nicaragua was isolated from the West, forcing the Sandinistas to rely more on Eastern bloc military and economic assistance even though Moscow declined to offer the quantity of aid it provided to close communist allies.

The U. S. blocked enforcement of the ICJ judgment by the United Nations Security Council and thereby prevented Nicaragua from obtaining any actual compensation.

In the southeast, the Golfo de Fonseca separates it from Nicaragua.

As a congressman, LaGuardia was a tireless and vocal champion of progressive causes, from allowing more immigration and removing U. S. troops from Nicaragua to speaking up for the rights and livelihoods of striking miners, impoverished farmers, oppressed minorities, and struggling families.

He would also successfully establish the border with Nicaragua and resist an invasion from Guatemala in 1906.

López Gutiérrez also solicited support from the liberal government of Guatemala and even from the conservative regime in Nicaragua.

Honduran producers seek relief from a relatively low official price of 25 lempiras per kilogram of sugar by smuggling sugar across the borders to Nicaragua and El Salvador, where the support prices are higher.

Nicaragua imposed a 35 % tariff against Honduras due to the dispute, and the matter is currently awaiting a decision from the ICJ.

He began withdrawing American troops from Nicaragua and Haiti ; he also proposed an arms embargo on Latin America and a one-third reduction of the world's naval power, which was called the Hoover Plan.

Large modifications to the plan were devised by Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North of the National Security Council in late 1985, in which a portion of the proceeds from the weapon sales was diverted to fund anti-Sandinista and anti-communist rebels, or Contras, in Nicaragua.

* 1824 – Costa Rica annexes Guanacaste from Nicaragua.

Lesbian consciousness began in Nicaragua in 1986, when the Sandinista National Liberation Front expelled gay men and lesbians from its midst.

An effort to promote visibility from 1991 to 1992 provoked the government to declare homosexuality illegal in 1994, effectively ending the movement, until 2004, when Grupo Safo – Grupo de Mujeres Lesbianas de Nicaragua was created, four years before homosexuality became legal again.

While this action was interpreted as an attack upon leftism, Sokal, who was a committed supporter of the Sandinista movement in Nicaragua during the 1980s, intended it as a critique from within the Left.

Image: Lake Nicaragua. JPG | Lake Nicaragua from Ometepe

Demonstrating independence from the U. S., Mexico supported the Cuban government since its establishment in the early 1960s, the Sandinista revolution in Nicaragua during the late 1970s, and leftist revolutionary groups in El Salvador during the 1980s.

* 1987 – American engineer Ben Linder is killed in an ambush by U. S .- funded Contras in northern Nicaragua.

With the Contras: A Reporter in the Wilds of Nicaragua.

*" The Contras ' Valley Forge: How I View the Nicaragua Crisis ", by Enrique Bermúdez ( with Michael Johns ), Policy Review magazine, Summer 1988.

* 1985 – Sandinista Daniel Ortega becomes president of Nicaragua and vows to continue the transformation to socialism and alliance with the Soviet Union and Cuba ; American policy continues to support the Contras in their revolt against the Nicaraguan government.

Daniel Ortega of the Marxist-Leninist movement called the Sandinista National Liberation Front seized power in Nicaragua in 1979 and faced armed opposition from the Contras supported by the United States.

Oliver North came into the public spotlight as a result of his participation in the Iran-Contra affair, a political scandal of the late 1980s, in which he claimed partial responsibility for the sale of weapons via intermediaries to Iran, with the profits being channeled to the Contras in Nicaragua.

After the United States Congress turned down continued funding of the Contras in April 1985, the Reagan administration ordered a total embargo on United States trade with Nicaragua the following month, accusing the Sandinista government of threatening United States security in the region.

In August 1989, the month that campaigning began, the Contras redeployed 8, 000 troops into Nicaragua, after a funding boost from Washington, becoming in effect the armed wing of the UNO, carrying out a violent campaign of intimidation.

The CIIR report also questioned the independence of the Permanent Commission on Human Rights, referring to an article in the Washington Post which claims that the National Endowment for Democracy, an organization funded by the US government, allocated a concession of US $ 50, 000 for assistance in the translation and distribution outside Nicaragua of its monthly report, and that these funds were administered by Prodemca, a US-based organization which later published full-page adverisments in the Washington Post and New York Times supporting military aid to the Contras.

The song chronicles the history of the Sandinistas, as well as their conflict with the Contras, and reflects an optimistic hope for the future of Nicaragua.

Videla's junta, which participated in Operation Condor, supported various neo-fascist and right-wing terrorist movements ; the SIDE supported Luis García Meza Tejada's Cocaine Coup in Bolivia and trained the Contras in Nicaragua.

* 1979-90-Nicaragua ; America supports the Contras fighting against the Sandinista government in Nicaragua.

The efforts to provide arms for hostages eventually became connected, through the transfer of funds made with arms sales, with the NSC staff's ardent support for the Nicaraguan " Contras " in their civil war against the left-wing government of Nicaragua.

During the 1980s Argüello briefly fought with the Contras in his native Nicaragua, but after a few months in the jungle he retired from the war.

During the Cold War, under Ronald Reagan's Reagan Doctrine, the term freedom fighter was used by the United States and other Western Bloc countries to describe rebels in countries controlled by communist states or otherwise under the influence of the Soviet Union, including rebels in Hungary, the anti-communist Contras in Nicaragua, UNITA in Angola and the multi-factional mujahideen in Afghanistan.

In the dirtiest of Latin America ’ s dirty wars, their faith in America ’ s mission justified atrocities in the name of liberty .” Grandin examined the behaviour of the U. S. backed-contras and found evidence that it was particularly inhumane and vicious: " In Nicaragua, the U. S .- backed Contras decapitated, castrated, and otherwise mutilated civilians and foreign aid workers.

U. S. funding for the Contras, who opposed the Sandinista government of Nicaragua, was obtained from covert sources.

* Gary Webb – investigative journalist whose work disclosed the role of the CIA, via the Nicaragua Contras, in bringing crack cocaine into Los Angeles

Perpich opposed the Reagan proxy war against Nicaragua in the 1980's and was one of several governors who objected to sending their state national guard units to train in US bases in Honduras, where the US backed Contras were based.

The Contras carried out atrocities in Nicaragua to topple the leftist government there.

The American overthrow of the Hudson Austin government in Grenada in 1983 can also be viewed in the same light, as can the U. S. support of the Contras insurgency in Nicaragua ( leading to the Iran-Contra Affair ) and the United States embargo against Cuba.

The Boland Amendment was the name given to three U. S. legislative amendments between 1982 and 1984, all aimed at limiting U. S. government assistance to the Contras in Nicaragua.