Olav Hammer critiques as scientism Steiner's claim to use a scientific methodology to investigate spiritual phenomena based upon his claims of clairvoyant experience.

The idea of three separate genealogical male-line descents of Harald Fairhair to Olav I of Norway, Olav II of Norway and Harald Hardråde, is based on saga material compiled a few centuries later, out of the material preserved or created by supporters of these monarchs.

Sveinn, who was based in Trøndelag, learned that Olav was rallying support in Eastern Norway.

Olav Hammer suggests that anthroposophy carries scientism " to lengths unparalleled in any other Esoteric position " due to its dependence upon claims of clairvoyant experience, its subsuming natural science under " spiritual science ", and its development of what Hammer calls " fringe " sciences such as anthroposophical medicine and biodynamic agriculture justified partly on the basis of the ethical and ecological values they promote, rather than purely on a scientific basis.

She married Arne Olav Brundtland on 9 December 1960.

* 1991 – Harald V becomes King of Norway on the death of his father, Olav V.

Olav also had designs on the throne of Sweden ( in opposition to Albert of Mecklenburg ) from 1385 until 1387.

A second attempt with a team, consisting of Olav Bjaaland, Helmer Hanssen, Sverre Hassel, Oscar Wisting, and Amundsen himself, departed on 19 October 1911.

Although Olafr Haraldsson's ( later known as Olav the Holy ) army lost the battle, Christianity spread, partly on the strength of rumours of miraculous signs after his death.

** Olav V becomes King of Norway on the death of his father Haakon VII.

** Harald V of Norway becomes king on the death of his father, Olav V.

* Olav Haraldsson, the future king of Norway, lands on Saaremaa Island in Estonia, wins a battle there and forces the inhabitants to pay tribute.

He also founded the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav on August 21, 1847, giving his Norwegian kingdom its own order of chivalry.

Molde was in effect the capital of Norway for a week after King Haakon, Crown Prince Olav, and members of the government and parliament arrived at Molde on April 23, after a dramatic flight from Oslo.

Detail on a pewter fork handle from Norway, showing three scenes: the Viking King Olaf II of Norway | Heilag Olav, His People, and a Viking ship

Their son, Prince Alexander, the future Crown Prince Olav ( and eventually king Olav V of Norway ), was born on 2 July 1903.

King Haakon VII, Olav V of Norway | Crown Prince Olav and Queen Maud, on 1913 July 17 in Norway

Crown Prince Olav married his cousin Princess Märtha of Sweden on 21 March 1929.

King Haakon VII speaking in 1950, Crown Prince Olav on his left side

With Haakon's loss of mobility, and as the King's health deteriorated further in the summer of 1957, Crown Prince Olav appeared on behalf of his father on ceremonial occasions and took a more active role in state affairs.

At Haakon's death in September 1957, the Crown Prince succeeded as Olav V. Haakon was buried on 1 October 1957.

During the 1930s, Crown Prince Olav was a naval cadet serving on the minelayer / cadet training ship Olav Tryggvason.

About 1200 AD, the first church, Sct Olav Church, was built.

He was made a Knight of the Royal Order of St. Olav " for services in art ".

Trondheim was named Kaupangen () by Viking King Olav Tryggvason in 997.

In the beginning it was frequently used as a military retainer ( Old Norse: " hird "- man ) of King Olav.

Norwegian resistance was led by Olav Engelbrektsson, Archbishop of Trondheim, who invited the old king Christian II back from his exile in Holland.

The second was awarded to Knut Hamsun for the idealistic novel Markens Grøde ( Growth of the Soil, 1917 ) in 1920 and the third Sigrid Undset for the trilogy of Kristin Lavransdatter and the two books of Olav Audunssøn, in 1927.

He received the 2002 IEEE John von Neumann Medal ( with Kristen Nygaard ) and was named Commander of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav in 2000.

Olav and Märtha had three children: Ragnhild ( 1930-2012 ), Astrid ( b. 1932 ) and Harald ( b. 1937 ), who was to become king in 1991.

Olav V ( Alexander Edward Christian Frederik ; 2 July 1903 – 17 January 1991 ) was the King of Norway from 1957 until his death.

A member of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, Olav was born in the United Kingdom as the son of King Haakon VII of Norway and Queen Maud of Norway.

He was the first heir to the Norwegian throne to be brought up in Norway since Olav IV, and his parents made sure he was given as Norwegian an upbringing as possible.

Due to his considerate, down-to-earth style, King Olav was immensely popular, resulting in the nickname Folkekongen (" The People's King ").

In a 2005 poll by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation, Olav was voted " Norwegian of the century ".

He was given the name Olav when his father became King Haakon VII of Norway in 1905.

Olav was the first heir to the throne since mediaeval times to grow up in Norway.

An interview given by King Harald V, and hints in a biography by Jo Benkow, who was the president of the parliament in that time, mention the possibility that King Olav suffered great trauma upon learning of the outbreak of the first Gulf War, which began the day of his death.

He was always counted as " Olaf IV " until 1957 ( when Olav V became king, who otherwise would have been VI ), and counting him was dropped from the official Norwegian list of monarchs.

American master Olav Ulvestad introduced 5 ... b5 in a 1941 article in Chess Review.

* 1015: in the Battle of Nesjar in Oslofjord, Norway, the forces of Olav Haraldsson fought the forces of Sveinn Hákonarson, with a victory for Olav.

The British Film Institute houses an early film, made in 1913, in which a miniature car commissioned by Queen Alexandra for the Crown Prince Olav tows a procession of Londoners through the streets of the capital, before being delivered to a pair of ' royal testers ' of roughly Olav's age.

The background for this was the fortification built by Olav Haraldsson ( see History section ).

He is mentioned as an archer for King Olav Tryggvason in the Battle of Svolder.

Battle of the Storm Hjørungavåg Illustration for Olav Tryggvasons saga Gerhard Munthe ( 1899 )

As Valdemar left no immediate clear successor to the throne, two candidates were put forward for the election: Haakon and Margaret appointed their only son, Olav, as a claimant to the throne.

Among these, the Norwegian highest civilian award Medal for Outstanding Civic Service ( Medaljen for borgerdåd ) ( 1966 ), the Grand Cross of the Order of Dannebrog ( 1954 ) and Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav ( 1953 ), Czechoslovak OWL ( 1948 ).

He was a nephew of Olav Aukrust, brother of Odd Aukrust, a noted economist who was responsible for research at Statistics Norway, and first cousin of Tor Aukrust.

In 2003 he was awarded the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav for his effort in Norwegian football.

Eyvind Kelve ( c. 965 – May 6, 995 ) was a Norwegian pagan martyr, killed on orders of King Olav Tryggvason for refusing to give up his pagan beliefs.

His action saved some 5000 Norwegians for which King Haakon of Norway awarded him the Ridderkors ( Knight's Cross ) of St. Olav in 1943.

Martin Olav Sabo ( born February 28, 1938 ) is an American politician and member of the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party ( DFL ) and a former United States Representative for, which includes Minneapolis ; the district is one of eight congressional districts in Minnesota.

For his work on acquiring funding for transportation projects and specifically pedestrian and bicycling funding, the Midtown Greenway bridge in Minneapolis was named the Martin Olav Sabo Bridge.

*" Olav Liljukrans " for mixed chorus.

Jens Ingebret Evensen ( 5 November 1917 – 15 February 2004 ) was a Norwegian lawyer, judge, politician ( for the Labour Party ), trade minister, international offshore rights expert, member of the International Law Commission and judge at the International Court of Justice in The Hague, member of The Swedish Order of the Polar Star and Commander Of The Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav.

He provided the castle as a safe refuge for King Haakon VII of Norway and Crown Prince Olav, who would later become King Olav V, during the Nazi occupation of Norway in World War II.

She was appointed knight, first class in the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav for her artistic diversity on September 18, 2009.