There are five main categories in which potential sources and / or analogues are included: Scandinavian parallels, classical sources, Irish sources and analogues, ecclesiastical sources, and echoes in other Old English texts.

Since the early 20th century it has been commonly accepted that Old Irish Bel ( l ) taine is derived from a Common Celtic * belo-te ( p ) niâ, meaning " bright fire " ( where the element * belo-might be cognate with the English word bale in ' bale-fire ' meaning ' white ' or ' shining '; compare Anglo-Saxon bael, and Lithuanian / Latvian baltas / balts, found in the name of the Baltic ; in Slavic languages byelo or beloye also means ' white ', as in Беларусь ( White Russia or Belarus ) or Бе ́ лое мо ́ ре Sea ).

The " cow " derivation depends most immediately on the Old Irish legal term for " outsider :" amboue, from proto-Celtic * ambouios, " not a cattle owner.

The term baccalaureus is a pun combining the prosaic baccalarius with bacca lauri ' " laurel berry "— according to the American Heritage Dictionary, " bacca " is the Old Irish word for " farmer " + laureus, " laurel berry ," the idea being that a " baccalaureate " had farmed ( cultivated ) his mind.

These are the Goidelic Irish ( Gaeilge ) and Scottish Gaelic ( Gàidhlig ) descended from Old Irish, and the Brythonic Welsh and Breton descended from the British language.

Saint Columba ( 7 December 521 – 9 June 597 AD )— also known as Colum Cille, or Chille ( Old Irish, meaning " dove of the church "), Colm Cille ( Irish ), Calum Cille ( Scottish Gaelic ), Colum Keeilley ( Manx Gaelic ) and Kolban or Kolbjørn ( Old Norse )— was a Gaelic Irish missionary monk who propagated Christianity among the Picts during the Early Medieval Period.

The Irish word derives from Old Irish, which referred to a wooden structure or vessel, stemming from crann, which means " tree ", plus a diminutive ending — literally " young tree ".

Latin, the common language of the church, Old English, the language of the Angles and Saxons, Irish, spoken on the western coasts of Britain and in Ireland, Brythonic, ancestor of the Welsh language, spoken in large parts of western Britain, and Pictish, spoken in northern Britain.

Among those noted by the Irish annals, the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle are Ívarr — Ímar in Irish sources — who was active from East Anglia to Ireland, Halfdán — Albdann in Irish, Healfdene in Old English — and Amlaíb or Óláfr.

This is the first use of the word Albania, the Latin form of the Old Irish Alba, in the Chronicle which until then describes the lands ruled by the descendants of Cináed as Pictavia.

** Táin Bó Cúailnge ( Old Irish )

Another early appearance on record followed in 1987, where Enya provided spoken ( not sung ) vocals in Irish on the song " Never Get Old " on Sinéad O ' Connor's debut album, The Lion and the Cobra.

), Old Irish gair " neighbor ", Irish gar-( prefix ) " near ", garach " neighborly ".

The names used in the languages themselves ( Gaeilge / Gaolainn / Gaelic in Irish, Gaelg / Gailck in Manx, and Gàidhlig in Scottish Gaelic ) are derived from Old Irish Goídelc, which comes from Old Welsh Guoidel meaning " pirate, raider ".

Coal ( from the Old English term col, which has meant " mineral of fossilized carbon " since the 13th century ) is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds By comparison in 2007, natural gas provided of oil equivalent per day, while oil provided per day.

The Old French term esbat ( Modern French ébat ) meant amusement or diversion, with a connotation of frolicking.

The word Türk meant " strong " in Old Turkic.

For a time, the military might of the Gall-Ghàidhils meant that Old Norse was prevalent in the Hebrides and, north of Ardnamurchan, the place names that existed prior to the 9th century have been all but obliterated.

At one time, the word, " Engine " ( from Latin, via Old French, ingenium, " ability ") meant any piece of machinery — a sense that persists in expressions such as siege engine.

In other parts of the British Isles, different terms were used, for instance in Wales, the log was often referred to as Y Bloccyn Gwylian, meaning " the Festival Block ", whilst in Scotland, Yeel Carline ( meaning " the Christmas Old Wife ") was used, and in Ireland, the term, Bloc na Nollaig, which meant " the Christmas Block ", was used.

In Middle English der ( Old English dēor ) meant a wild animal of any kind.

By the " law ", he meant God's requirements both in Old and New Testament ; the " gospel " meant the free gift of grace through faith in Jesus Christ.

The word " loom " comes from the Old English " geloma " formed from ge -( perfective prefix ) and loma, a root of unknown origin ; this meant utensil or tool of any kind.

Yehudi Menuhin was also ' meant ' to appear on The Morecambe and Wise Show but could not do so as he was ' opening at the Argyl Theatre, Birkenhead in Old King Cole.

However, the river-valley situation of Chatham is more consistent with cet being an Old English survival of the element catu that was common in Roman-era names and meant ' basin ' or ' valley '.

One account says that the word " watch " came from the Old English word woecce which meant " watchman ", because it was used by town watchmen to keep track of their shifts.

" Meduseld ", a modernised form of the Old English Maeduselde, is similarly meant to be a translation of an unknown Rohirric name meaning " mead hall ".

Long before chivalry developed, the term " knight " ( Old English cniht ) meant " boy ".

The city's name derives from the Polish word for " fish " ( ryba ) and meant " fishpond " in the Old Polish language.

The White-throated Dipper and American Dipper are also known in Britain and America, respectively, as the Water Ouzel ( sometimes spelt " ousel ") – ouzel originally meant the unrelated but superficially similar Eurasian Blackbird ( Old English osle ).

The patronymic mac Lir may have been metaphorical and meant ' son of the sea ' ( mac is Manx for ' son ' and ler is Old Irish for ' sea '.

English " dragon " derives ( via Middle English, Old French, and Latin ) from Greek dracon, " serpent, dragon "; the Greek word derives from Indo-European * derk -, " to see ", and may originally have meant something like " monster with the evil eye.

. The concept, born out of " a sense of mission to redeem the Old World ", was enabled by " the potentialities of a new earth for building a new heaven " The phrase itself meant many different things to many different people.

Walworth probably derives its name from the Old English " Wealhworth " which meant Welsh ( British ) farm.

The Old English name Godgifu or Godgyfu meant " gift of God "; Godiva was the Latinised version.

The Works Progress Administration ( WPA ), a New Deal agency, was active in Sulphur Springs, building in 1942 what was later called the “ Old School ,” meant to replace the crumbling 1908 structure that was razed in 1938.

One theory was that is meant ‘ dwelling place ’, from the Old English ' wic-ton '; however, if it is the same as Wigton in Cumbria, which was ' Wiggeton ' in 1162 and ' Wigeton ' in 1262, it may be ‘ Wigca ’ s farm '.

The word black comes from Old English blæc (" black, dark ", also, " ink "), from Proto-Germanic * blakkaz (" burned "), from Proto-Indo-European * bhleg-(" to burn, gleam, shine, flash "), from base * bhel-(" to shine "), related to Old Saxon blak (" ink "), Old High German blah (" black "), Old Norse blakkr (" dark "), Dutch blaken (" to burn "), and Swedish bläck (" ink ").

Black supplanted the wonted Old English word sweart (" black, dark "), which survives as swart, swarth, and swarthy ( compare German schwarz and Dutch zwart, " black ").

Dry beans come from both Old World varieties of broad beans ( fava beans ) and New World varieties ( kidney, black, cranberry, pinto, navy / haricot ).

Old man from Crete dressed in the typical black shirt

His friends referred to him as ' Moor ', owing to his dark complexion and black curly hair, something which they believed made him resemble the historical Moors of North Africa, whilst he encouraged his children to call him ' Old Nick ' and ' Charley '.

Tom replies that he must be " Old Scratch ", which is another name for the devil, and the black man acknowledges that he is Old Scratch.

Among the Paleo-orthodoxy and emerging church Presbyterians, clergy are moving away from the traditional black Geneva gown and reclaiming not only the more ancient Eucharist vestments of alb and chasuble, but also cassock and surplice ( typically a full length Old English style surplice which resembles the Celtic alb, an ungirdled liturgical tunic of the old Gallican Rite ).

The black and brown rats diverged from other Old World rats during the beginning of the Pleistocene in the forests of Asia.

A second Granville Town was established by 64 remaining black and white ' Old settlers ' under the leadership of St. George Bay Company leader, Alexander Falconbridge and the St. George Bay Company.

In his memoir, All Souls, Michael Patrick MacDonald describes how many white residents of the Old Colony housing project in South Boston used this meaning to degrade the people considered to be of lower status, whether white or black.

German schwarz ' black ', Latin suāsum ' dirt ', Ossetian xuaræn ' color ', Persian xvāl ' lampblack ', Old Irish sorb ' stain, dirt ').