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Orthodox and Jewish
It appears that an Orthodox girl in the community disrupted plans for an outing sponsored by one of the Jewish service groups because she would not travel on Saturday and, in addition, required kosher food.
The disputed books, included in one canon but not in others, are often called the Biblical apocrypha, a term that is sometimes used specifically ( and possibly pejoratively in English ) to describe the books in the Catholic and Orthodox canons that are absent from the Jewish Masoretic Text ( also called the Tanakh or Miqra ) and most modern Protestant Bibles.
Rather, it is sometimes employed by unaffiliated groups to indicate a range of beliefs and practices more liberal than is affirmed by the Orthodox, and more traditional than the more liberal Jewish denominations ( Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism ).
The Seminary's brief affiliation with the traditional congregations that established the Union of Orthodox Congregations in 1898 was severed due to the Orthodox rejection of the Seminary's academic approach to Jewish learning.
Working with this 1990s trend of diversity and institutional growth, Conservative Judaism remained the largest denomination in America, with 43 percent of Jewish households affiliated with a synagogue belonging to Conservative synagogues ( compared to 35 percent for Reform and 16 percent for Orthodox ).
They believe that the Orthodox Jewish movements, on the theological right, have erred by slowing down, or stopping, the historical development of Jewish law: " Conservative Judaism believes that scholarly study of Jewish texts indicates that Judaism has constantly been evolving to meet the needs of the Jewish people in varying circumstances, and that a central halakhic authority can continue the halakhic evolution today.
For instance, if two men and a woman were to eat a meal together, a Conservative Jew would believe that the presence of three adult Jews would obligate the group to say a communal form of the Grace After Meals, while an Orthodox Jew would believe that, lacking three adult Jewish males, the group would not be able to do such.
Orthodox Jewish leaders vary considerably in their dealings with the Conservative movement and with individual Conservative Jews.
From the Orthodox perspective, Conservative Jews are considered just as Jewish as Orthodox Jews, but they are viewed as misguided, consistent violators of halakha.
In matters of marriage and divorce, the State of Israel relies on its Chief Rabbinate to determine who is Jewish ; the Chief Rabbinate, following Orthodox practice, does not recognize the validity of conversions performed by Conservative rabbis and will require a Jew who was converted by a Conservative rabbi to undergo a second, Orthodox conversion to be regarded as a Jew for marriage and other purposes.
** Amicus Brief on the Merits ( American Jewish Congress, American Jewish Committee, Anti-Defamation League, and Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America )
The three largest Jewish denominations — Orthodox Judaism, Conservative Judaism and Reform Judaism — maintain the belief that the Jews have been chosen by God for a purpose.
According to Orthodox Jews too there are variations in Jewish custom from one part of the world to another.
Some Christian denominations ( such as Anglican, Roman Catholic, and Eastern Orthodox ), include a number of books that are not in the Hebrew Bible ( the biblical apocrypha or deuterocanonical books or Anagignoskomena, see Development of the Old Testament canon ) in their biblical canon that are not in today's Jewish canon, although they were included in the Septuagint.
** Optionally: abbreviation of soldiers ' religion ( KAT for Roman Catholics, GR-KAT for Greek Catholics, PRAW for Orthodox, MOJ for Jewish, AUG for Lutherans, ANG for Anglicans and MAH for Muslims )
Gerald Lawrence Schroeder is an Orthodox Jewish physicist, author, lecturer and teacher at College of Jewish Studies Aish HaTorah's Discovery Seminar, Essentials and Fellowships programs and Executive Learning Center, who focuses on what he perceives to be an inherent relationship between science and spirituality.

Orthodox and circles
The Eastern Orthodox view of the origin of icons is generally quite different from that of most secular scholars and from some in contemporary Roman Catholic circles: " The Orthodox Church maintains and teaches that the sacred image has existed from the beginning of Christianity ", Léonid Ouspensky has written.
In nearly all Orthodox and a few Conservative circles, only male Jews are counted toward a minyan ; most Conservative Jews and members of other Jewish denominations count female Jews as well.
In some Orthodox circles, the fringes are allowed to hang freely outside the clothing.
Despite this religious purging, the spiritual significance assigned to the heretofore " sacred " numbers had not disappeared ; several numbers, such as the " Jesus number " have been commented and analyzed by Dorotheus of Gaza and numerology still is used at least in conservative Greek Orthodox circles.
In Orthodox circles, the occasion is sometimes celebrated during a weekday service that includes reading from the Torah, such as a Monday or Thursday morning service, in which case the Bar Mitzvah will also lay tefillin for the first time publicly.
In some Orthodox circles, however, the custom is for the Bar Mitzvah boy to begin putting Tefillin on one to three months before his Bar Mitzvah.
Although even in Modern Orthodox circles there are some Rabbis ( e. g. Professor Marc Shapiro ) that point out the numerous rabbinic sources from the Talmudic, Post-Talmudic, and medieval ages that claim that there were some changes to the text, which include whole verses, that were made deliberately during the Mishnaic era, and even during the times of the first temple.
In Orthodox Jewish circles, the organization Dor Yeshorim carries out an anonymous screening program so that couples with Tay – Sachs or another genetic disorder can avoid conception.
However, the question of what acts ( if any ) a bat-kohen can perform in an Orthodox context is a subject of current discussion and debate in some Orthodox circles.
In some traditional circles, most notably the Orthodox and Haredi, Torah study is a way of life for males.
This work made a profound impression in German Jewish circles because it was something new — a brilliant, intellectual presentation of Orthodox Judaism in classic German, and a fearless, uncompromising defense of all its institutions and ordinances.
The controversy was a momentous incident in Jewish history of the period, involving both Rabbi Yechezkel Landau and the Vilna Gaon, and may be credited with having crushed the lingering belief in Sabbatai current even in some Orthodox circles.
Recently, a movement supporting an additional prenuptial agreement has emerged in some Modern Orthodox circles.
Postmillenialism is a relatively rare belief compared to premillennialism and amillenialism, which are well-established in Protestant, Orthodox Church, and Catholic Church theological circles.
The town's thriving Orthodox Syrian Christian community commissioned the statue, which has a jade motif of 39 concentric circles representing each of St. Simeon's years atop the pillar.
In strictly Orthodox Jewish circles, dating is limited to the search for a marriage partner.
In all official Orthodox theological circles ( such as the Russian Orthodox Church or the Ecumenical Patriarchate ), MOC is seen as a schismatic group and a political fabrication, similar to the churches that supported it.
His halakhic responsa are highly regarded within Orthodox circles and are considered binding in many Mizrahi communities, among whom he is regarded as " the most important living halachic authority.
This work is now widely studied and quoted in Orthodox Jewish circles.
Archimandite ( later, Archbishop ) Chrysostomos wrote: " In certain ultra-conservative Orthodox circles in the United States, there has developed an unfortunate bitter and harsh attitude toward one of the great Fathers of the Church, the blessed ( Saint ) Augustine of Hippo ( 354-430 A. D .).
These circles, while clearly outside the mainstream of Orthodox thought and careful scholarship, have often been so vociferous and forceful in their statements that their views have touched and even affected more moderate and stable Orthodox believers and thinkers.

Orthodox and some
Churches that claim some form of episcopal apostolic succession, dating back to the apostles or to leaders from the apostolic era, include the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Churches, the Church of the East, the Anglican Communion, and some Lutheran Churches ( see below ).
In some dioceses of the Russian Orthodox Church it is customary for the bishop to visit each parish or region of the diocese some time during Great Lent and give Anointing for the faithful, together with the local clergy.
Present-day Christian religious bodies known for conducting their worship services without musical accompaniment include some Presbyterian churches devoted to the regulative principle of worship, Old Regular Baptists, Primitive Baptists, Plymouth Brethren, Churches of Christ, the Old German Baptist Brethren, the Eastern Orthodox Christian Church and the Amish, Old Order Mennonites and Conservative Mennonites.
The following is a troparion ( hymn ) to St Athanasius sung in some Eastern Orthodox churches.
The Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox receive several additional books in to their canons based upon their presence in manuscripts of the ancient translation of the Old Testament in to Greek, the Septuagint ( although some of these books, such as Sirach and Tobit, are now known to be extant in Hebrew or Aramaic originals, being found amongst the Dead Sea Scrolls ).
; Catholicos: Catholicoi are the heads of some of the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Eastern Rite Catholic sui iuris churches ( notably the Armenian ), roughly similar to a Patriarch ( see above ).
The pope previously used the title Patriarch of the West, but this title was dropped from use in 2006 a move which caused some concern within the Orthodox Communion as, to them, it implied wider papal jurisdiction.
Catholic, Orthodox, Anglican, Old Catholic and some Lutheran bishops ( for example, Sweden ) claim to be part of the continuous sequence of ordained bishops since the days of the apostles referred to as apostolic succession.
Some Anglicans consider their church a branch of the " One Holy Catholic Church " alongside of the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches, a concept rejected by the Roman Catholic Church and some Eastern Orthodox.
The 165, 000 Greek Cypriot refugees are also a potent political force, along with the independent Orthodox Church of Cyprus, which has some influence in temporal as well as ecclesiastical matters.
Denominations that oppose homosexuality include the Roman Catholic Church the Eastern Orthodox churches and some mainline Protestant denominations, such as the Methodist churches, Reformed Church in America the American Baptist Church, as well as Conservative Evangelical organizations and churches, such as the Evangelical Alliance, the Presbyterian Church in America and the Southern Baptist Convention.
The Crucifix, a cross with the corpus ( Body of Christ ), is an ancient symbol used within the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Anglican, and Lutheran churches, in contrast with some Protestant groups, which use only a simple cross.
For some Christians, such as Roman Catholics and Orthodox Christians, this New Covenant includes authoritative Sacred Traditions and Canon law.
Roman Catholics, Eastern Orthodox Christians, and some Protestants teach the Sacrament of Baptism is the means by which each person's damaged human nature is healed and Sanctifying Grace ( capacity to enjoy and participate in the spiritual life of God ) is restored.
The Orthodox churches share some of the concerns about Roman Catholic papal claims, but disagree with some Protestants about the nature of the church as one body.
Other texts printed in Orthodox Bibles are considered of some value ( like the additional Psalm 151, and the Prayer of Manasses ) or are included as an appendix ( like the Greek 4 Maccabees, and the Slavonic 2 Esdras ).
The Ethiopian Orthodox Deuterocanon, in addition to the standard set listed above, along with the books of Esdras and Prayer of Minasse, also includes some books that are still held canonical by only the Ethiopian Church, including Enoch or Henok ( I Enoch ), Kufale ( Jubilees ) and 1, 2 and 3 Meqabyan ( which are sometimes wrongly confused with the " Books of Maccabees ").
Among the Oriental Orthodox some churches have changed from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar and the date for Easter as for other fixed and moveable feasts is the same as in the Western church.

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