embroidery | Embroidered skirts by the Alfaro-Nùñez family of Cochas, Peru, using traditional Peruvian embroidery methods.

In recent times ( 2006 ), the governments of several South American countries, such as Peru, Bolivia and Venezuela, have defended and championed the traditional use of coca, as well as the modern uses of the leaf and its extracts in household products such as teas, toothpaste and condoms.

The cultivation, sale, and possession of unprocessed coca leaf ( but not of any processed form of cocaine ) is generally legal in the countries – such as Bolivia, Peru, Chile and Argentina – where traditional use is established, although cultivation is often restricted in an attempt to prevent the production of cocaine.

In an attempt to obtain international acceptance for the legal recognition of traditional use of coca in their respective countries, Peru and Bolivia successfully led an amendment, paragraph 2 of Article 14 into the 1988 United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, stipulating that measures to eradicate illicit cultivation and to eliminate illicit demand “ should take due account of traditional licit use, where there is historic evidence of such use .” Bolivia also made a formal reservation to the 1988 Convention, which required countries to adopt measures to establish the use, consumption, possession, purchase or cultivation of the coca leaf for personal consumption as a criminal offence.

The growers of coca are named Cocaleros and part of the coca production for traditional use is legal in Peru, Bolivia and Chile.

The traditional pronunciation of the digraph / ll / is preserved in some dialects along the Andes range, especially in Peru and Colombia highlands, and all Bolivia and Paraguay.

* Huayno-Originated in colonial Peru as a combination of traditional rural folk music and popular urban dance music.

According to an article in the New York Sun, Chavezism was rejected in recent elections in Peru, Colombia and Mexico, and El Universal reports that former Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva distanced himself from Chavezism, saying that Brazil is not Venezuela, and has traditional institutions.

In the north of the country, traditional dances are strongly influenced by Quechua and Aymara culture, which covers parts of Peru, the Andean region of Bolivia and northern Chile.

* Chaufa: A popular version of fried rice in Peru, it was brought to Peru by Asian immigrants ; it combines the traditional Chinese recipe with a distinct touch of South American flavor.

* Plural of Teja ( confectionery ), a traditional confectionery from Peru and Spain

The traditional Peru ( from Spanish " Pedro "), Pello or Piarres ( from French " Pierre "), all meaning " Peter ", became Kepa from Aramaic כיפא ( Kepha ).

In Peru, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay, calabash gourds are dried and carved into mates, the traditional container for the popular caffeinated tea-like drink brewed from the yerba mate plant.

There are variations of the Pisco Sour in Peru that use fruits such as maracuya, aguaymanto, and apples, or traditional ingredients such the coca leaf.

The history of Huayño dates back to the colonial Peru as a combination of traditional rural folk music and popular urban dance music.

His son Leoncio Prado, killed during the War of the Pacific, is one of the traditional heroes of Peru, while the other son Manuel Prado Ugarteche was two times President of Peru.

After Spanish colonization of Peru and importation of European food stocks like wheat, sugarcane and livestock, most commoners continued primarily to eat their traditional diets, but did add grilled beef hearts sold by street vendors.

Without the familiar ingredients from their home countries, immigrants modified their traditional cuisines by using ingredients available in Peru.

It is part of the traditional cuisines of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil ( where it is called torresmo ), Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guam, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, and others.

The dance itself has gained a lot of recognition and is one of the most popular traditional dances of Peru.

The 1980s saw salsa expand to Mexico, Argentina, Peru, Europe and Japan, and diversify into new stylistic interpretations.

Still existing on a `` Northern Union '' telegraph form is a typical peremptory message from Peru grocer J. J. Hapgood to Burton and Graves' store in Manchester -- `` Get and send by stage four pounds best Porterhouse or serloin stake, for Mrs. Hapgood send six sweet oranges ''.

** Eunectes murinus, the green anaconda, the largest species, is found east of the Andes in Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil and on the island of Trinidad.

There is a long history of mining in the Andes, from the Spanish silver mines in Potosí in the 16th century to the vast current porphyry copper deposits of Chuquicamata and Escondida in Chile and Toquepala in Peru.

* 1540 – Arequipa, Peru, is founded.

Although amaranth was cultivated on a large scale in ancient Mexico, Guatemala, and Peru, nowadays it is only cultivated on a small scale there, along with India, China, Nepal, and other tropical countries ; thus, there is potential for further cultivation in those countries, as well as in the U. S. In a 1977 article in Science, amaranth was described as " the crop of the future.

Ayahuasca is the Hispanicized spelling of a word in the Quechua languages, which are spoken in the Andean states of Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, and Colombia.

The Norte Chico civilization included as many as 30 major population centers in what is now the Norte Chico region of north-central coastal Peru.

In 1969, Colombia formed what is now the Andean Community along with Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, and Peru ( Venezuela joined in 1973, and Chile left in 1976 ).

The cane toad is native to the Americas, and its range stretches from the Rio Grande Valley in South Texas to the central Amazon and southeastern Peru.

The PCC is a biennial event, and was held for the second time in Lima, Peru, in November 2010.

( In Peru and much of Spanish-speaking South America, " Kola " with a " K " is the generic term used for any flavor of carbonated soft drink, not only colas ).

It is the number one selling soft drink in Peru outselling Coca-Cola nationwide.

This bright yellow bubble-gum-flavored carbonated beverage is especially popular in Peru, once the heartland of the Inca Empire, but Inca Kola also sells well in surrounding countries.

In Peru, Pepsi is bottled and distributed by Pepsico Inc Sucursal Del Peru.

* 2004 – The Cuzco Declaration is signed in Cuzco, Peru, establishing the South American Community of Nations.

He participated in the Spanish conquest of Peru and is credited as the first European discoverer of Chile.

It is unclear whether this first expedition was the expedition by Jacques l ' Hermite to the coast of Chile, Peru and Bolivia, set up by Stadthouder Maurice with the support of the States General and the VOC.

The trade balance with the United States, Chile, the European Union, Bolivia, Peru, Brazil and Mexico is positive.

There is no railway service to Peru.

Goeldi's marmoset or Goeldi's monkey ( Callimico goeldii ) is a small, South American New World monkey that lives in the upper Amazon Basin region of Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

The IMI Galil, an Israeli-designed weapon similar to the AK-47, is in use by Israel, Italy, Myanmar, the Philippines, Peru, and Colombia.

A German Government report on fuel prices dated 2010 / 11 stated that the Imperial gallon is used as a unit of measure for fuel in Guyana, United Arab Emirates and Antigua and Barbuda and the US gallon in Liberia, Belize, Colombia, The Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Myanmar ( Burma ), Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico and the United States.

It is sometimes called vegetable ivory, or tagua, and is the seed endosperm of the ivory nut palm commonly found in coastal rainforests of Ecuador, Peru and Colombia.