These notions contrasted with Platonic notions of the human mind as an entity that pre-existed somewhere in the heavens, before being sent down to join a body on Earth ( see Plato's Phaedo and Apology, as well as others ).

( From Plato's Apology )

These notions sharply contrasted with the previously held Platonic notions of the human mind as an entity that preexisted somewhere in the heavens, before being sent down to join a body here on Earth ( see Plato's Phaedo and Apology, as well as others ).

* Lycon, a prosecutor in the trial of Socrates mentioned in Plato's dialogue, the Apology

Plato's Apology, and likewise that of Xenophon, lists Anytus as one of the primary prosecutors in the trial of Socrates.

The play gained notoriety for its caricature of the philosopher Socrates ever since its mention in Plato's Apology as a factor contributing to the old man's trial and execution.

Plato's Apology may be read as both a religious and literary apology ; however, more specifically literary examples may be found in the prefaces and dedications, which proceed many Early Modern plays, novels, and poems.

Early uses of the term ( in the first sense ) include Plato's Apology ( the defense speech of Socrates from his trial ) and some works of early Christian apologists, such as St. Justin Martyr's two Apologies addressed to the emperor Antoninus Pius and the Roman Senate.

* Several dialogues by Plato including Plato's Republic, Meno and The Apology.

In Plato's Apology of Socrates, Socrates claimed to have a daimonion ( literally, a " divine something ") that frequently warned him-in the form of a " voice "-against mistakes but never told him what to do.

The Apology is Plato's version of the speech given by Socrates as he defended himself in 399 BC against the charges of " corrupting the young, and by not believing in the gods in whom the city believes, but in other daimonia that are novel " ( 24b ).

Many scholars guess that Plato's Apology was one of the first, if not the very first, dialogues Plato wrote, though there is little if any hard evidence.

Plato's Apology is commonly regarded as the most reliable source of information about the historical Socrates.

There is, however, no real way of knowing how closely Socrates ' words in the Apology match those of Socrates at the actual trial, even if it was Plato's intention to be accurate in this respect.

One contemporary criticism of Plato's Apology is perhaps implied by the opening paragraphs of Xenophon's Apology, assuming that the former antedated the latter ; Xenophon remarks that previous writers had failed to make clear the reason for Socrates ' boastful talk ( megalēgoria ) in the face of the death penalty.

Xenophon's account disagrees in some other respects with the details of Plato's Apology, but he nowhere explicitly claims it to be inaccurate.

* Compton, Todd, " The Trial of the Satirist: Poetic Vitae ( Aesop, Archilochus, Homer ) as Background for Plato's Apology ", The American Journal of Philology, Vol.

* Project Gutenberg has English translations of Plato's Apology of Socrates:

* Guides to the Socratic Dialogues: Plato's Apology, a beginner's guide to the Apology

In the book's title, Hardy uses the word " apology " in the sense of a formal justification or defense ( as in Plato's Apology of Socrates ), not in the sense of a plea for forgiveness.

The Phaedo, which depicts the death of Socrates, is also Plato's seventh and last dialogue to detail the philosopher's final days, following Theaetetus, Euthyphro, Sophist, Statesman, Apology, and Crito.

* Nicostratus, son of Theosdotides, mentioned in Plato's Apology of Socrates

Together with Plato and Socrates ( Plato's teacher ), Aristotle is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy.

In the introduction, Socrates muses about the perfect society, described in Plato's Republic ( c. 380 BC ), and wonders if he and his guests might recollect a story which exemplifies such a society.

In many of Plato's dialogues, such as the Meno, and in particular the Theaetetus, Socrates considers a number of theories as to what knowledge is, the last being that knowledge is true belief that has been " given an account of " — meaning explained or defined in some way.

But he figures here more as a character written into some of Plato's dialogues, a young, debauched playboy, whom Socrates tries to convince to seek truth instead of pleasure, wisdom instead of pomp and splendeur.

In Act II, Scene III of Henry V, his death is described by the character " Hostess ", possibly the Mistress Quickly of Henry IV, who describes his body in terms that parody Plato's description of the death of Socrates.

The usual meaning of gnostikos in Classical Greek texts is " learned " or " intellectual ", such as used in the comparison of " practical " ( praktikos ) and " intellectual " ( gnostikos ) in Plato's dialogue between Young Socrates and the Foreigner in his The Statesman ( 258e ).

In Plato's early dialogues, Socrates uses the elenctic method to investigate the nature or definition of ethical concepts such as justice or virtue.

In Plato's dialogue Euthydemus, Socrates describes the labyrinthine line of a logical argument:

Larissa was indeed the birthplace of Meno, who thus became, along with Xenophon and a few others, one of the generals leading several thousands Greeks from various places, in the ill-fated expedition of 401 ( retold in Xenophon's Anabasis ) meant to help Cyrus the Younger, son of Darius II, king of Persia, overthrow his elder brother Artaxerxes II and take over the throne of Persia ( Meno is featured in Plato's dialogue bearing his name, in which Socrates uses the example of " the way to Larissa " to help explain Meno the difference between true opinion and science ( Meno, 97a – c ) ; this " way to Larissa " might well be on the part of Socrates an attempt to call to Meno's mind a " way home ", understood as the way toward one's true and " eternal " home reached only at death, that each man is supposed to seek in his life ).

Plato's animosity against rhetoric, and against the sophists, derives not only from their inflated claims to teach virtue and their reliance on appearances, but from the fact that his teacher, Socrates, was sentenced to death after sophists ' efforts.

Socrates ', Plato's and Aristotle's ideas about truth are commonly seen as consistent with correspondence theory.

Many point to Socrates ' argument, specifically as given in Plato's Crito, for accepting his order to drink poison as representing a sophisticated argument for observing social contracts.

Arion is alluded to in Plato's " Republic " at 453d, where Socrates says: “ Then we, too, must swim and try to escape out of the sea of argument in the hope that either some dolphin will take us on its back.

In Plato's Phaedo, Socrates defines the misanthrope in relation to his fellow man: " Misanthropy develops when without art one puts complete trust in somebody thinking the man absolutely true and sound and reliable and then a little later discovers him to be bad and unreliable ... and when it happens to someone often ... he ends up ... hating everyone.

In Plato's early dialogues, the elenchus is the technique Socrates uses to investigate, for example, the nature or definition of ethical concepts such as justice or virtue.

* Plato's dialogue Euthyphro, in which Socrates seeks a definition of piety.

In Plato's dialogues and other Socratic dialogues, Socrates attempts to examine someone's beliefs, at times even first principles or premises by which we all reason and argue.

The oldest explicit mention on record of a standard list of seven sages is in Plato's Protagoras, where Socrates says:

* Cephalus, son of Lysanias from Syracuse ( 5th c. BC ), a wealthy metic and elderly arms manufacturer living in Athens who engages in dialogue with Socrates in Plato's Republic.

In Plato's Symposium, when Alcibiades likens Socrates to Marsyas, it is this aspect of the wise satyr that is intended.

In Book VI of Plato's Republic, Glaucon says to Socrates: " Momus himself could not find fault with such a combination.

Socrates is the speaker of The Republic, but it is generally believed that the thoughts expressed are Plato's.

It is written as a dialogue narrated by Plato's friend Socrates and Plato's brother Glaucon at the beginning of Book VII ( 514a – 520a ).