Shelley's understanding of Beauty as an ideal and universal aspect, as opposed to the common understanding of the word as an aesthetic judgment of an object, was influenced by his knowledge of Plato's writings.

A centre for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum, it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy, largely due to the impact of its cultural and political achievements during the 5th and 4th centuries BC in later centuries on the rest of the then known European continent.

In Plato's division of the liberal arts into the trivium and the quadrivium, the quadrivium included the mathematical fields of arithmetic and geometry.

The play gained notoriety for its caricature of the philosopher Socrates ever since its mention in Plato's Apology as a factor contributing to the old man's trial and execution.

p ' ye-baek – pacte civil de solidarité – pain during intercourse – painful ejaculation – painful intercourse – painful ovulation – painful sex – pair-bonding – pairbond – pait likkhi – panderer – pandering – pansexual – pansexuality – panty fetishism – panty liner – panty pad – pantyhose fetishism – para 0 – para 1 – paramesonephric ducts – paranymph – paraphilia – paraphiliac – paraphilic adolescentilism – paraphilic gerontalism – paraphilic infantilism – paraphilic juvenilism – paraphimosis – parasympathetic nervous system – paraurethral glands – parovarium – paroöphoron – Parsee wedding – Parsi marriage customs – Parsi wedding – parthenogenesis – parthenos – partial androgen insensitivity syndrome – partialism – partialism ( paraphilia ) – partible paternity – party and play – passivism – pasties-paternity – paternity suit – pathicus – patriarchy – patrilocal residence – pearling – pearly penile papules – pecattiphilia – pedal pumping – pederasty – pediophilia – pedophilia – pedophilia and sexual orientation – peep show – Peeping Tom – peg boy – pegging – pelvic exam – pelvic examination – pelvic floor – pelvic floor muscles – pelvic inflammatory disease – pelvic malignancy – pelvic pain – penectomy – penetration – penetration phobia – penetration toy – penetrative sexual intercourse – penile anesthesia – penile cancer – penile fracture – penile inversion – penile ligation – penile plethysmography – penile suspensory ligament – penis – penis captivus – penis diameter – penis enlargement – penis extension – penis girth – penis gourd – penis length – penis modification – penis panic – penis pump – penis reattachment – penis removal – penis size – penis sleeve – penis substitute – penis transplantation – penis width – penoclitoris – peodeiktophilia – peptide hormone – perceptual image – The Perfumed Garden – perimenopause – perimetrium – perineal massage – perineal raphe – perineal reflex – perineal urethra – perineum – period – peripheral nervous system – peritomy – persistent Müllerian duct syndrome – persistent sexual arousal syndrome – persistent soliciting – personal ad – perversion – pervertible – pessary – petticoat discipline – petticoat punishment – petticoating – Petri Papyrus – petting – Peyronie disease – phallic stage – phallic symbol – phallometry – phallophilia – phalloplasty – phallus – phantom pregnancy – phenotypic matching – pheromone – philanderer – philosophy of sex – phimosis – phlebotomy – phobias – phobophilia – phone sex – Phthirius pubis – phygephilia – phylogeny – physical intimacy – pick-up artist – pictophilia – picture bride – pie throwing – piercings – the Pill – pimp – pinafore eroticism – pinaforing – pinching – pink salon – piquerism – pitching woo – pituitary gland – pity fuck – placenta – placental abruption – Planned Parenthood – plastic clothing – plateau phase – Plato's androgyne – Platonic love – Platonic marriage – Platonic relationship – play ( sexology ) – play piercing – playsuit ( lingerie ) – plaçage – plethysmography – plural marriage – plushophile – plushophilia – PnP – podophilia – point of no return – polyamory – polyandry – polyandry in Tibet – polycystic ovary syndrome – polyfidelity – polygamy – polygynandry – polygyny – polyiterophilia – polymastia – polymorphous perverse – polymorphous perversity – polythelia – pomosexual – pompoir – pony boots ( fetish footwear ) – ponyboy – ponygirl – poppers – popping her cherry – population control – Pornographic film actor – pornai – pornographic magazine – pornographic movie – pornographic novel – pornography – pornography in Europe – pornography in Japan – pornography in the United States – post-coital tristesse – post-natal depression – post-orgasmic pain – post-partum sex taboo – posterior commissure of labia – posthumous marriage – postmasturbatory urine – postpartum examination – potency – pozcum – pre-eclampsia – pre-ejaculate – pre-ejaculatory fluid – pre-marital sex – pre-menstrual tension – pre-op transsexual – precocious puberty – predicament bondage – prednisone – pregnancy – pregnancy fetishism – pregnancy over age 50 – Prehn's sign – preimplantation genetic diagnosis – premarital intercourse – premature ejaculation – premature puberty – premenstrual dysphoric disorder – premenstrual stress syndrome – prenatal masculinization – prenatal screening – prenatal testing – prenuptial agreement – prepenetrative orgasm – prepuce ( disambiguation ) – prepuce plasty – preputial plasty – preputial ring – preputial stenosis – preputioplasty – President's Commission on Obscenity and Pornography – priapism – Priapus – primatologist – primigravida – Prince Albert piercing – prince's wand – Princess Albertina – prison rape – prison sexuality – private dancer-proceptive phase – procurer – professional dominant – professional dominatrix – professional submissive – progesterone – progesterone only pill – progestin – progestin-induced hermaphroditism – progestin-induced virilisation – progestogen – prohibited degree of kinship – prolactin – prolactin-inhibitory factor – promiscuity – prophylactic – prostaglandins – prostate – prostate cancer – prostate massage – prostate milking – prostate orgasm – prostate specific antigen – prostate-specific antigen – prostatectomy – prostatic congestion – prostatic ducts – prostatic sinus – prostatic urethra – prostatic utricle – prostatitis – prosthesis – prosthetic testis – prosthetics – prostitute – prostitute's maid – prostitutes ' maid – prostitution – prostitution in Africa – prostitution in ancient Egypt – prostitution in ancient Greece – prostitution in ancient Rome – prostitution in Asia – prostitution in Australia – prostitution in Austria – prostitution in Canada – prostitution in China – prostitution in Denmark – prostitution in Europe – prostitution in Finland – prostitution in France – prostitution in Germany – prostitution in Hong Kong – prostitution in Iceland – prostitution in India – prostitution in Italy – prostitution in Japan – prostitution in Latin America – prostitution in Medieval Europe – prostitution in Myanmar – prostitution in Nepal – prostitution in Nevada – prostitution in New Zealand – prostitution in Rhode Island – prostitution in Russia – prostitution in Saudi Arabia – prostitution in South Korea – prostitution in Sweden – prostitution in Taiwan – prostitution in Thailand – prostitution in the Czech Republic – prostitution in the Netherlands – prostitution in the People's Republic of China – prostitution in the Philippines – prostitution in the Republic of Ireland – prostitution in the United Kingdom – prostitution in the United States – proxy marriage – proxy wedding – prudery – pseudocyesis – pseudohermaphrodite – pseudohermaphroditism – pseudovaginal perineoscrotal hypospadias – psychoendocrinology – psychohormonal – psycholagny – psychomotor epilepsy – Psychopathia Sexualis – psychopathia transsexualis – psychopathic – psychosexual development – psychosexual disorder – psychosexual inversion – psychosexual stages – psychrophilia – PT-141 – pubertal delay – puberty – puberty blockers – pubic depilation – pubic dressing – pubic hair – pubic lice – pubic piercing – pubic shaving – pubic symphysis – public nudity – public sex – pubococcygeus muscle – pudenda – pudendal cleft – pudendal nerve – puerperal psychosis – puerperium – pup-play – purdah – puritan – puritanism – purity ring – putative marriage – PVC fetishism – pygmalionism – pygophilia – pyromania – pyrophilia –

The Socrates character in Plato's The Republic observed that " too much music effeminizes the male "; "… when a man abandons himself to music to play upon him and pour into his soul as it were through the funnel of his ears those sweet, soft ( malakos ), and dirge-like airs of which we were just now speaking …".

Both Plato's cave and Platonism have meaningful, not just superficial connections, because Plato's ideas were preceded and probably influenced by the hugely popular Pythagoreans of ancient Greece, who believed that the world was, quite literally, generated by numbers.

In his commentary on Plato's Timaeus Proclus explains the role the Soul as a principle has in mediating the Forms in Intellect to the body of the material world as a whole.

Compared to pre-modern accounts of causality, laws of nature fill the role played by divine causality on the one hand, and accounts such as Plato's theory of forms on the other.

While the Socrates presented in the dialogues is often taken to be Plato's mouthpiece, Socrates ' reputation for irony, his caginess regarding his own opinions in the dialogues, and his occasional absence from or minor role in the conversation serve to conceal Plato's doctrines.

Strauss, on the contrary, believed that philosophy and political conditions were fundamentally opposed and that philosophers should not and must not have a role in politics, noting the disastrous results of Plato's attempt to educate and " guide " the tyrant Dion of Syracuse.

He also gained wide exposure in his role as Alexander, a courageous court jester, in the Star Trek episode " Plato's Stepchildren " ( November 22, 1968 ).

In the introduction, Socrates muses about the perfect society, described in Plato's Republic ( c. 380 BC ), and wonders if he and his guests might recollect a story which exemplifies such a society.

Epicureanism incorporated a relatively full account of the social contract theory, following after a vague description of such a society in Plato's Republic.

An earlier example of a Utopian work from classical antiquity is Plato's The Republic, in which he outlines what he sees as the ideal society and its political system.

Craftsmanship refers to Plato's idea of specialization, in which the lower society has a specific job in the greater society so that it functions properly as a whole.

Inspired by Plato's Republic and the description of Atlantis in Timaeus, it describes a theocratic society where goods, women and children are held in common.

In this book Kita explicitly promotes the platonic state authoritarianism emphasizing the close relationship between Confucianism and the " from above " concept of the national socialism stating that Mencius is the Plato of the East and that Plato's concept in organizing a society is far preferable than that of Marx's.

These speculations were reinforced by Brasseur de Bourboug's own references to Plato's descriptions of the culture and society of Atlantis, which Brasseur believed found expression in ancient Maya civilization, in his book Quatre Lettres sur le Méxique ( 1868 ).

During his defense when on trial for his life, Socrates, according to Plato's writings, pointed out that dissent, like the gadfly, was easy to swat, but the cost to society of silencing individuals who were irritating could be very high.

It is known from Plato's writings that many sophists maintained schools of debate, were respected members of society, and were well paid by their students.

Some central ideas of Plato's dialogues are the Theory of Forms, i. e., that the mind is imbued with an innate capacity to understand and contemplate concepts from a higher order preeminent world, concepts more real, permanent, and universal than or representative of the things of this world, which are only changing and temporal ; the idea of the immortal soul being superior to the body ; the idea of evil as simple ignorance of truth ; that true knowledge leads to true virtue ; that art is subordinate to moral purpose ; and that the society of the city-state should be governed by a merit class of propertyless philosopher kings, with no permanent wives or paternity rights over their children, and be protected by an athletically gifted, honorable, duty bound military class.

The idea that aspects of common culture, such as religion or economic explanations, can be manipulated to the political advantage of the dominant class was popular with Age of Enlightenment critics of government and society, and may have arose with Plato's " noble lie.

At the first meeting of the chapter, Florence Finn, president of the society, presented a passage from Plato's Republic in which Socrates asks the question, “ Will they hold torches and pass them to one another ...?”.

Critias, one of Plato's late dialogues, contains the story of the mighty island kingdom Atlantis and its attempt to conquer Athens, which failed due to the ordered society of the Athenians.

The allegory of the cave primarily depicts Plato's distinction between the world of appearances and the ' real ' world of the Forms, as well as helping to justify the philosopher's place in society as king.

However, in follow-up correspondence Gutscher indicates that the island could not have been Atlantis, referring to Plato's description of a Bronze Age society, which Spartel could not have supported at the time.

" The society depicted in Looking Forward has been described by William E. Key-Nee as an ideal warranting a comparison to Plato's Republic whose inconsistencies and problems, it was argued, Looking Forward succeeded in resolving through technological means, primarily through the function of Corcen ( the correlation center ).

In Plato's mind there is an irresolvable conflict between the poet and the philosopher, because the poet imitates only particular objects and is incapable of rising to the first level of abstraction, much less the highest level of ideal forms.

Plato's account of Atlantis may have also inspired parodic imitation: writing only a few decades after the Timaeus and Critias, the historian Theopompus of Chios wrote of a land beyond the ocean known as Meropis.

Cerberus featured in many prominent works of Greek and Roman literature, most famously in Virgil's Aeneid, Peisandros of Rhodes ' epic poem the Labours of Hercules, the story of Orpheus in Plato's Symposium, and in Homer's Iliad, which is the only known reference to one of Heracles ' labours which first appeared in a literary source.

Whereas Plato's demiurge is good wishing good on his creation, gnosticism contends that the demiurge is not only the originator of evil but is evil as well.

The only contemporaneous mention of Hippocrates is in Plato's dialogue Protagoras, where Plato describes Hippocrates as " Hippocrates of Kos, the Asclepiad.

Larissa was indeed the birthplace of Meno, who thus became, along with Xenophon and a few others, one of the generals leading several thousands Greeks from various places, in the ill-fated expedition of 401 ( retold in Xenophon's Anabasis ) meant to help Cyrus the Younger, son of Darius II, king of Persia, overthrow his elder brother Artaxerxes II and take over the throne of Persia ( Meno is featured in Plato's dialogue bearing his name, in which Socrates uses the example of " the way to Larissa " to help explain Meno the difference between true opinion and science ( Meno, 97a – c ) ; this " way to Larissa " might well be on the part of Socrates an attempt to call to Meno's mind a " way home ", understood as the way toward one's true and " eternal " home reached only at death, that each man is supposed to seek in his life ).

Plato's animosity against rhetoric, and against the sophists, derives not only from their inflated claims to teach virtue and their reliance on appearances, but from the fact that his teacher, Socrates, was sentenced to death after sophists ' efforts.

The term Platonism is used because such a view is seen to parallel Plato's Theory of Forms and a " World of Ideas " ( Greek: Eidos ( εἶδος )) described in Plato's Allegory of the cave: the everyday world can only imperfectly approximate an unchanging, ultimate reality.

In Plato's view the number of souls was fixed ; birth therefore is never the creation of a soul, but only a transmigration from one body to another.

542 ), quoted in Plato's dialogue, the Protagoras, and reconstructed here according to a recent interpretation, making it the only lyric poem of Simonides that survives intact:

The positive noumena, if they existed, would roughly correspond with Plato's Forms or Idea — immaterial entities which can only be apprehended by a special, non-sensory, faculty: " intellectual intuition ".

In De Differentiis Plethon compares Aristotle's and Plato's conceptions of God, arguing that Plato credits God with more exalted powers as " creator of every kind of intelligible and separate substance, and hence of our entire universe ", while Aristotle has Him as only the motive force of the universe ; Plato's God is also the end and final cause of existence, while Aristotle's God is only the end of movement and change.

The only Greek political treatise known to medieval Muslims at the time was Plato's Republic.

Aristotle shared Plato's view of multiple souls, ( ψυχή psychē ) and further elaborated a hierarchical arrangement, corresponding to the distinctive functions of plants, animals and people: a nutritive soul of growth and metabolism, that all three share, a perceptive soul of pain, pleasure and desire, that only animals and people share, and the faculty of reason, that is unique to people only.

After the conclusion of his edition of Plutarch's Moralia in 1805, the only important work he was able to publish was his well-known edition of Plato's Phaedo.

Though they conceive of mimesis in quite different ways, its relation with diegesis is identical in Plato's and Aristotle's formulations ; one represents, the other reports ; one embodies, the other narrates ; one transforms, the other indicates ; one knows only a continuous present, the other looks back on a past.

Chapel's feelings for Spock were revisited and alluded to only a few times in the series, but most notably in " Plato's Stepchildren ".

However, one would be the same person as Plato only if one had the same consciousness of Plato's thoughts and actions that he himself did.