A passage of another eight years was required, as glasnost and perestroika began to thaw the Cold War-dominated Eastern Europe, for Żuławski to be able to return again to Poland and edit the still-unfinished remnants into a 166-minute rough approximation of what the finished film might have been.

* Sołectwo ( rough equivalent in Poland )

For nations that suffered huge losses such as the Soviet Union, China, Poland, Germany and Yugoslavia, our sources can give us only the total estimated population loss caused by the war and a rough estimate of the breakdown of deaths caused by military activity, crimes against humanity and war related famine.

A rough translation of the text would be I am remaining in Poland, do come over en masse

Russia rewarded Poland with a lucrative five-year trade agreement, the equivalent of 450 million 1948 dollars in credit, 200, 000 tons of grain, heavy machinery, and factories.

Following occupation of the Congress Poland by Germans during World War I in 1917, the rubel was replaced by the marka ( plurals marki and marek ), a currency initially equivalent to the German Papiermark.

From 1573, both the Latin and the Polish equivalent wielki ksiaze, in chief of Lithuania as well as Russia, Prussia, Mazovia, Samogithia, Kiev, Volhynia, Podolia, Podlachia, Livonia, Smolensk, Severia and Chernigov ( including hollow claims ), were used as part of the respective versions of the full style officially used by the kings ( title Krol ) of Poland during the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

The second-level unit of local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a county, district or prefecture ( LAU-1 ) in other countries is called a powiat.

Italy, Poland, and countries under the influence of Russian culture, such as Russia, Belarus, and the Ukraine, also see the bras d ' honneur as equivalent to the finger.

The equivalent graduation certificate in Austria, Poland and other countries of continental Europe is the Matura ; while in England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Hong Kong, Singapore, and the West Indies, it is A-levels ; in Scotland it is Higher Grade ; in Greece and Cyprus it is the " apolytirion " ( a kind of high school diploma ); in Malta it is the Matriculation Certificate ( MATSEC ).

The maxim or its equivalent has been adopted by many civil law systems, including Brazil, Italy, Philippines, Poland, Spain, and France.

Devana or Dziewanna is the Slavic equivalent of the Roman goddess Diana, mentioned by XV century Polish historian Jan Długosz in Annales seu cronici incliti regni Poloniae ( History of Poland ).

A powiat ( pronounced ; Polish plural powiaty ) is the second-level unit of local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a county, district or prefecture ( LAU-1, formerly NUTS-4 ) in other countries.

In the 19th century, the powiats continued to function in the part of Poland that had been incorporated into the Russian Empire (" Congress Poland ") ( the Russian equivalent of uyezd or the Ukrainian-povit ) and, as the Polish equivalent of the German " Kreis " in the German-governed Grand Duchy of Poznań.

At that meeting, Bonnet's arguments for abandoning Poland were countered by General Gamelin, who argued that if war came, there was little France could do for the Poles ( whom Gamelin felt could hold out for about three months ), but to abandon Poland would be equivalent to abandoning great power status for France.

* Poland ( since 1367, the Krakau Groschen, 3, 2 grams of silver, an equivalent of 12 denarius )

Poruchik (,,,,, ) is a military rank in several Slavic countries, such as the Russian Empire and the Republic of Poland, equivalent to Lieutenant.

Acknowledgment of receipt ( equivalent terms include avis de réception ( UPU term ), Aviso de Recibo, advice of receipt, advice of delivery ( UK and much of the Commonwealth ), return receipt requested / required / wanted / demanded ( US ), Rückschein ( Germany ), ricevuta di ritorno ( Italy ), zwrotne potwierdzenie odbioru ( Poland ), and many others ; the standard abbreviations are AR and AD ) is a postal service which returns to the sender of a letter ( usually registered ; in the case of a parcel, it may be insured ) a form or card signed by the recipient.

Roughly equivalent terms operate in other countries, such as Gesellschaftsvertrag in Germany, statuts in France, statut in Poland, ( Latin: ) in Ukraine, Jeong-gwan in South Korea.

When Germany invaded Poland in 1939, Western journalists adopted the term blitzkrieg to describe this form of armoured warfare.

Despite the term blitzkrieg being coined by journalists during the Invasion of Poland of 1939, historians Mathew Cooper and J. P Harris generally hold that German operations during it were more consistent with more traditional methods.

* In Poland the only term generally used is naszej ery / przed naszą erą ( of our era / before our era ).

Wincenty Kadłubek ( Vincent Kadlubo, 1160 – 1223 ) used for the first time the original Latin term res publica in the context of Poland in his " Chronicles of the Kings and Princes of Poland.

A more correct term should be " mounted infantry " instead of " cavalry ", as horses were primarily used as a means of transportation, for which they were very suitable in view of the very poor road conditions in pre-war Poland.

Dwarves appearing in numbers all over Poland aroused the interest of both Polish pedestrians and the militia, whose intervention led to short term arrests of the graffiti artists.

During his term in office, he put into effect a vigorous Russification program in Poland and Ukraine, for which he is chiefly remembered.

The incumbent Donald Tusk is completing his first term and is the first Prime Minister to be re-elected since the fall of the People's Republic of Poland in 1989.

In English, the term " Partitions of Poland " is sometimes used geographically as toponymy, to mean the three parts ( sectors, or provinces ) that the partitioning powers divided Poland into, i. e.: the Austrian partition, the Prussian partition and the Russian partition.

The consecutive acts of dividing or partitioning of Poland are referred to as rozbiór ( plural: rozbiory ), while the term zabór ( pl.

In Polish historiography, the term " Fourth Partition of Poland " has also been used, in reference to any subsequent annexation of Polish lands by foreign invaders.

The term bar mleczny ( milk bar ) in Poland is used to describe popular and cheap cafeterias from the communist era that still exist today.

Although the early dukes and kings of Poland regarded themselves as descendants of Piast, the term " Piast Dynasty " originated in the 17th century.

By the 13th century the term became the dominant name for Rus ' in Latin documents, particularly those written in Hungary, Bohemia, and Poland.

Today in Poland the term wojewoda means the centrally appointed governor of a Polish province or voivodeship ().

The term is related to the name of the legendary Polish forefather Lech and the name Lechia by which Poland was formerly sometimes known.

In the first year of Kishi's term, Japan joined the United Nations Security Council, paid reparations to Indonesia, set up a new commercial treaty with Australia, and signed peace treaties with Czechoslovakia and Poland.

Although the Polish Brethren never adopted the name " Unitarian " while in Poland, when they were disbanded in 1658, those who fled to Holland eventually embraced the term " Unitarian " ( which they got from the Transylvanians ), as they did not prefer to be called " Socinians.

During the Cold War, the term Eastern Bloc ( or Soviet Bloc ) was used to refer to the Soviet Union and countries it controlled in Central and Eastern Europe ( Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania ).

In recent years the term " homophile " has also been adopted by anti-gay groups and Christian fundamentalists, particularly in the United States and Poland, as a term of abuse for gay men and lesbians by attempting to imply a link between homosexuality and paedophilia, notionally treating " homophile " as a portmanteau of " homo-sexual " and " paedo-phile ".

Matura or a similar term ( Matur, Maturita, Maturità, Maturität, Mатура ) is the common name for the high-school exit exam or " maturity exam " in various countries, including Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, Montenegro, Poland, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia and Switzerland, as well as among Ukrainian émigrés.

His visit to Warsaw, Poland, after the Russian journey in the summer of 1959 was expected to win the Polish vote which, in several cities, is substantial.

If the raw population figures are crucially relevant, then it is idle to think of liberation, as idle as to suppose that Poland might liberate Russia.

All of Poland is a coffin.

Speaking with `` great earnestness '', he said: `` For the Russian people, the question of Poland is not only a question of honor but also a question of security.

It is in Russia's interest that Poland should be strong and powerful, in a position to shut the door of this corridor by her own force.

It is necessary that Poland should be free, independent in power.

The material is all basically of folk origin, gleaned from every section of Poland.

* 1025 – Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland.

* 1518 – Bona Sforza is crowned as queen consort of Poland.

* 1660 – Treaty of Oliwa is established between Sweden and Poland.

In Poland, Arbor Day is celebrated on October 10.

* 1942 – World War II: In Poland, the Majdan-Tatarski ghetto is established, situated between the Lublin Ghetto and a Majdanek subcamp.

* 1079 – Bishop Stanislaus of Kraków is executed by order of Bolesław II of Poland.

The aurochs ( or ; also urus, ( Bos primigenius ), the ancestor of domestic cattle, is an extinct type of large wild cattle that inhabited Europe, Asia and North Africa ; they survived in Europe until the last recorded aurochs, a female, died in the Jaktorów Forest, Poland in 1627.

1330, but there is no evidence of fights between Poland and Lithuania while Aldona was alive.

Belarus is a member of the Trans-European Line ( TEL ), Trans-Asia-Europe Fibre-Optic Line ( TAE ) and has access to the Trans-Siberia Line ( TSL ); three fibre-optic segments provide connectivity to Latvia, Poland, Russia, and Ukraine ; worldwide service is available to Belarus through this infrastructure ; additional analogue lines to Russia ; Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik earth stations

Bornholm (; Old Norse: Burgundaholmr, " the island of the Burgundians ") is a Danish island in the Baltic Sea located to the east of ( most of ) the rest of Denmark, south of Sweden, and north of Poland.

A variant played in Poland allows a player to claim a region of several squares as soon as its boundary is completed.

It is generally assumed by scholars that the Bastarnae's original home was around the Vistula river ( central Poland ) and that they migrated south-eastwards to the Black Sea region around 200 BC ( as, 400 years later, did the Gothic ethnos ).

One boomerang that was discovered in Jaskinia Obłazowa in the Carpathian Mountains in Poland was made of mammoth's tusk and is believed, based on AMS dating of objects found with it, to be about 30, 000 years old.

The brown bear's principal range includes parts of Russia, the United States ( mostly in Alaska ), Canada, the Carpathian region ( especially Romania, but also Ukraine, Slovakia, Poland and so on ), the Balkans, Sweden and Finland, where it is the national animal.

In the Netherlands, Latvia, Lithuania, Austria, Germany, Scandinavia, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Poland and Catalonia, 26 December is celebrated as the Second Christmas Day.

The name " Banaczek " ( as pronounced in the show ) is actually quite rare in Poland.

In Poland, anyone who cumulatively spent six months or longer between 1 January 1980 and 31 December 1996 in the UK, Ireland or France is permanently barred from donating.