: set forth one of the first expansive theoretical treatments of Postmodernism as a historical period, intellectual trend and social phenomenon in a series of lectures at the Whitney Museum, later expanded as Postmodernism, or The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism ( 1991 ).

* Jameson, Fredric ( 1991 ) Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism ( ISBN 0-8223-1090-2 )

Postmodernism, or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism.

Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism.

Jameson uses Mandel's third stage designation as the point of departure for his widely-cited Postmodernism, or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism.

Postmodernism and Popular Culture: A Cultural History.

" Postmodernism, or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism " ( in Docherty, ibid ).

* Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism

Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism ( ISBN 0-8223-1090-2 )

* Sardar has also contributed a number of books to the Introducing ... series published by Icon Books, including Introducing Islam, Introducing Chaos, Introducing Cultural Studies, Introducing Media Studies, Introducing Science Studies, Introducing Mathematics and Introducing Postmodernism.

Ethics, Cultural Critique, and American Fiction in the Age of Postmodernism.

' Capitalism, Modernism and Postmodernism '.

* Gerald Graff ( 1973 ) The Myth of the Postmodernist Breakthrough, TriQuarterly, 26 ( Winter, 1973 ) 383 – 417 ; rept in The Novel Today: Contemporary Writers on Modern Fiction Malcolm Bradbury, ed., ( London: Fontana, 1977 ); reprinted in Proza Nowa Amerykanska, ed., Szice Krytyczne ( Warsaw, Poland, 1984 ); reprinted in Postmodernism in American Literature: A Critical Anthology, Manfred Putz and Peter Freese, eds., ( Darmstadt: Thesen Verlag, 1984 ), 58 – 81.

American Fiction, TriQuarterly, No. 33 ( Spring 1975 ), pp. 307 – 37 ; reprinted in Putz and Freese, eds., Postmodernism and American Literature.

Postmodernism goes beyond modernism's emphasis on the creative role of the poet, to emphasize the role of the reader of a text ( Hermeneutics ), and to highlight the complex cultural web within which a poem is read.

In Constructing Postmodernism ( 1992 ), McHale's second book, he provides readings of postmodern fiction and of some of the contemporary writers who go under the label of cyberpunk.

Influential to thinkers associated with Postmodernism are Heidegger's critique of the subject-object or sense-knowledge division implicit in Rationalism, Empiricism and Methodological Naturalism, his repudiation of the idea that facts exist outside or separately from the process of thinking and speaking them ( however, Heidegger is not specifically a Nominalist ), his related admission that the possibilities of philosophical and scientific discourse are wrapped up in the practices and expectations of a society and that concepts and fundamental constructs are the expression of a lived, historical exercise rather than simple derivations of external, apriori conditions independent from historical mind and changing experience ( see Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Heinrich von Kleist, Weltanschauung and Social Constructionism ), and his Instrumentalist and Negativist notion that Being ( and, by extension, reality ) is an action, method, tendency, possibility and question rather than a discreet, positive, identifiable state, answer or entity ( see also Process Philosophy, Dynamism, Instrumentalism, Pragmatism and Vitalism ).

" Paranoia and Postmodernism ," the epilogue to Paranoia and Modernity: Cervantes to Rousseau ( Cornell UP, 2006 ), 309-327.

* --- ( 1992 ), Constructing Postmodernism.

* --- ( 2008 ), " 1966 Nervous Breakdown, or, When Did Postmodernism Begin?

* --- ( 2007 ), " What Was Postmodernism?

" Postmodernism and Consumer Society " in The Anti-Aesthetic: Essays on Post-Modern Culture, Hal Foster ( ed ), Seattle: Bay Press, 1989, pp. 111 – 125

Noting this important conceptual shift, major contemporary theorists such as Matei Calinescu in Five Faces of Modernity: Modernism, Avant-garde, Decadence, Kitsch, Postmodernism ( 1987 ), and Hans Bertens in The Idea of the Postmodern: A History ( 1995 ), have suggested that this is a sign our culture has entered a new post-modern age, when the former modernist ways of thinking and behaving have been rendered redundant.

* Ihab Hassan, From Postmodernism to Postmodernity: the Local / Global Context ( 2000 ), text online.

), Postmodernism: A Reader, New York: Harvester Wheatsheat.

Patrick White's art collecting efforts are to this day generally unadmired but he was a collector of modernist art and an early collector of the sort of art that later came to be known as Postmodernism, including art by James Clifford, Imants Tillers, Frank Littler, Robert Boynes, Patricia Moylan, John Davis ( 1936 – 1999 ), and Tony Coleing.

* Discontinuity ( Postmodernism ), a conception of history as espoused by the philosopher Michel Foucault.

Postmodernism ... can be used at least in two ways – firstly, to give a label to the period after 1968 ( which would then encompass all forms of fiction, both innovative and traditional ), and secondly, to describe the highly experimental literature produced by writers beginning with Lawrence Durrell and John Fowles in the 1960s and reaching to the breathless works of Martin Amis and the " Chemical ( Scottish ) Generation " of the fin-de-siècle.

These books include the classic studies, The Future of Muslim Civilisation ( 1979 ) and Islamic Futures: The Shape of Ideas to Come ( 1985 ), a vigorous intellectual assault on postmodern thought, Postmodernism and the Other ( 1998 ) and Orientalism ( 1999 ), and the international bestseller Why Do People Hate America?

), Reclaiming Female Agency: Feminist Art History after Postmodernism, Berkeley, University of California Press, 2005.

The Politics of Postmodernism ( 1989 ), pp. 46 – 62.

*" Architecture to Philosophy-The Postmodern Complicity ", an article in Theory, Culture & Society, Volume 5 ( 2-3 ), June 1988 special edition on " Postmodernism ".

* Callinicos, Alex, Against Postmodernism: A Marxist Critique ( Cambridge: Polity, 1999 ).

( Postmodernism, according to Huyssen, may be defined precisely by its rejection of this distinction.

This argument can be seen as directly related to Wittgenstein's Theory of Language, drawing a parallel between Postmodernism and late Logical Positivism that is united in critique of foundationalism.

To further connect the two concepts, there are descriptive commonalities between the two that Belgian critic Theo D ' haen addresses in his essay, " Magical Realism and Postmodernism.

* Wolin, Richard, The Seduction of Unreason: The Intellectual Romance with Fascism from Nietzsche to Postmodernism ( Princeton University Press ) 2004, sets out to trace “ the uncanny affinities between the Counter-Enlightenment and postmodernism .”

Postmodernism relies on concrete experience over abstract principles, arguing that the outcome of one's own experience will necessarily be fallible and relative, rather than certain or universal.

Postmodernism is essentially a centralized movement that named itself, based on socio-political theory, although the term is now used in a wider sense to refer to activities from the 20th century onwards which exhibit awareness of and reinterpret the modern.

Postmodernism is a general and wide-ranging term which is applied to many disciplines, including literature, art, economics, philosophy, architecture, fiction, and literary criticism.

Postmodernism has also be used interchangeably with the term post-structuralism out of which postmodernism grew, a proper understanding of postmodernism or doing justice to the postmodernist thought demands an understanding of the poststructuralist movement and the ideas of its advocates.

However, the transition from Modernism to Postmodernism is often said to have happened at 3: 32pm on the 15th of July in 1972, when Pruitt Igoe ; a housing development for low-income people in St. Louis, which had been a prize winning version of le Corbusier's ' machine for modern living ' was deemed uninhabitable and was torn down ( Irving 1993, 480 ).

In spring of 1997, the postmodern philosopher Fred Newman responded to the Sokal Affair publishing hoax in the paper " Science Can Do Better than Sokal: A Commentary on the So-Called Science Wars ", which he presented at the Postmodernism and the Social Sciences conference at the New School for Social Research ; Alan Sokal was a participant.

Postmodernism describes movements which both arise from, and react against or reject, trends in modernism.

Postmodernism introduced elements of commercialism, kitsch and a general camp aesthetic within its artistic context ; postmodernism takes styles from past periods, such as Gothicism, the Renaissance and the Baroque, and mixes them in a fashion which ignores their original use in their corresponding artistic movement.

Modernism eventually generated reactions, most notably Postmodernism which sought to preserve pre-modern elements, while Neomodernism emerged as a reaction to Postmodernism.

Postmodernism in art, which has grown since the 1960s, differs from Modernism in as much as Modern art movements were primarily focused on their own activities and values, while Postmodernism uses the whole range of previous movements as a reference point.

While in the tradition of Postmodernism in that they presume a decisive role for media in the formation of personality, culture and social order, they differ fundamentally from the analog critical theory, in that the audience has the ability to do more than create a personal idiolectic text, but instead is able to create new texts which reinforce the behavior of other participants.

According to Hutcheon, in " A Poetics of Postmodernism ", works of historiographic metafiction are " those well-known and popular novels which are both intensely self-reflexive and yet paradoxically also lay claim to historical events and personages ".

While at the ICA she edited the Documents series, which included the books Postmodernism and Ideas from France.