Classical-Relating to or from ancient Roman or Greek architecture and art.

The astylar design is by Jean Chalgrin ( 1739 – 1811 ), in the Neoclassical version of ancient Roman architecture ( see, for example, the triumphal Arch of Titus ).

Aediculae exist today in Roman cemeteries as a part of funeral architecture.

Its widespread use in many Roman structures, a key event in the history of architecture termed the Roman Architectural Revolution, freed Roman construction from the restrictions of stone and brick material and allowed for revolutionary new designs in terms of both structural complexity and dimension.

The Byzantine Empire used Roman and Greek architectural models and styles to create its own unique type of architecture.

The cupola is a development during the Renaissance of the oculus, an ancient device found in Roman architecture, but being weatherproof was superior for the wetter climates of northern Europe.

Cerberus featured in many works of ancient Greek and Roman literature and in works of both ancient and modern art and architecture, although the depiction and background surrounding Cerberus often differed across various works by different authors of the era.

Numerous references to Cerberus have appeared in ancient Greek and Roman art, found in archaeological ruins and often including in statues and architecture, inspired by the mythology of the creature.

Francesco Borromini, byname of Francesco Castelli ( 25 September 1599 – 3 August 1667 ), was an architect from Ticino who, with his contemporaries Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Pietro da Cortona, was a leading figure in the emergence of Roman Baroque architecture.

The church is considered by many to be an exemplary masterpiece of Roman Baroque architecture.

Bernini was also a leading figure in the emergence of Roman Baroque architecture along with his contemporaries, the architect, Francesco Borromini and the painter and architect, Pietro da Cortona.

Before the Roman invasion, begun in 43, Iron Age Britain already had established cultural and economic links with Continental Europe, but the Roman invaders introduced new developments in agriculture, urbanisation, industry and architecture.

Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles originally planned on a main hall of the Hagia Sophia that measured 230 feet by 250 feet, making it the largest church in Constantinople, but the original dome was nearly 20 feet lower than it was constructed, “ Justinian suppressed these riots and took the opportunity of marking his victory by erecting in 532-7 the new Hagia Sophia, one of the largest, most lavish, and most expensive buildings of all time .” Although Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles were not formally educated in architecture, they were scientists that could organize the logistics of drawing thousands of laborers and unprecedented loads of rare raw materials from around the Roman Empire to create the Hagia Sophia for Emperor Justinian I.

* After the Second Vatican Council in the late twentieth century, some Roman Catholic parish churches discarded much of their traditional imagery, art, and architecture.

** Roman architecture

Alma-Tadema's meticulous archaeological research, including research into Roman architecture ( which was so thorough that every building featured in his canvases could have been built using Roman tools and methods ) led to his paintings being used as source material by Hollywood directors in their vision of the ancient world for films such as D. W. Griffith's Intolerance ( 1916 ), Ben Hur ( 1926 ), Cleopatra ( 1934 ), and most notably of all, Cecil B. DeMille's epic remake of The Ten Commandments ( 1956 ).

The Porta Nigra is counted among the Roman architecture of the city.

In Roman times architecture was a broader subject than at present including the modern fields of architecture, construction management, construction engineering, chemical engineering, civil engineering, materials engineering, mechanical engineering, military engineering and urban planning.

* The Roman writer, architect and engineer Vitruvius finishes writing De Architectura ( known today as The Ten Books of Architecture ), a treatise in Latin on architecture, and perhaps the first work about this discipline.

In ancient Roman religion, an aedicula ( plural aediculae ) is a small shrine.

`` There had been a threesome at the party in the suite's bedroom: Miss Harrington ( this was Diane's choice for a Roman name ), another woman who has figured in other very interesting events and one of your well-known American actors.

The Roman Catholic Church has excommunicated one of its priests, Father Feeney, for insisting that there is no salvation outside the visible church.

In mentioning this under `` salvation reconsidered '' I do not mean to imply that Roman Catholic doctrine has changed in this area but rather that it has become clearer to the world community what that doctrine is.

Where the Roman model ( like most modern Japanese ) has 4 plus 1 bead per decimal place, the standard suanpan has 5 plus 2, allowing use with a hexadecimal numeral system.

Since some of the Roman months were named in honor of divinities, and as April was sacred to the goddess Venus, the Festum Veneris et Fortunae Virilis being held on the first day, it has been suggested that Aprilis was originally her month Aphrilis, from her equivalent Greek goddess name Aphrodite ( Aphros ), or from the Etruscan name Apru.

* 392 – Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor.

One modern scholar has written " It is almost certain not only that at no time in his life did he ever see, let alone command, a Roman army, but that, throughout the twenty-three years of his reign, he never went within five hundred miles of a legion ".

Antoninus is unique among Roman emperors in that he has no other biographies.

Excluding those princesses who have married into overseas Roman Catholic royal families, only one member of the Royal Family ( that is, with the style of Royal Highness ) has converted to Roman Catholicism since the passage of the act: the Duchess of Kent, wife of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent.

From time to time there has been debate over repealing the clause that prevents " Papists " ( Roman Catholics ) or those who marry one from ascending to the British throne.

) Hilton also claims a Roman Catholic monarch would therefore be unable to be crowned by the Archbishop of Canterbury and points to the examples of European states that have similar religious provisions for their monarchs: Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, whose constitutions compel their monarchs to be Lutherans, the Netherlands, the constitution of which insists its monarchs be members of the Protestant House of Orange, and Belgium, which has a constitution that provides for the succession to be through Roman Catholic houses.

It is has been argued that Luke may be writing: a letter of apology ( traditionally a defense for one ’ s beliefs ), a letter of legitimation for Christian beliefs, a letter to equip the church to function amidst the Roman Empire, or a letter that is apolitical.

Esler, who advanced this legitimation view, has suggested that in Luke ’ s community there were Roman officials who were recent converts and they wanted to make sure that their new found faith could successfully coexist with their allegiance to the empire.

Widely accepted among Western Christians, including the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion, the Lutheran Church and most liturgical Protestant denominations, the Athanasian Creed has been used in public worship less and less frequently.

The lack of correspondence between Ptolemaic and historical names known to be ancient has no defense except in the case of the two Roman colonies, Aleria and Mariana.

* Miles Gloriosus: ( Latin for " boastful soldier ," the archetype of the braggart soldier in Roman comedies ) A captain in the Roman army to whom Marcus Lycus has promised Philia.

The town was known as Rigomagensium under the Roman Empire and was the capital of a civitas ( a provincial subdivision ), though no Roman money has yet been found in the canton of Barcelonnette.

Over the last half of the 20th century, historical and archaeological research has increasingly supported the theory that the remnants of the Celtic Boii were absorbed into the Roman Empire and later intermingled with other Germanic peoples who chose to stay ( or were stationed by the Romans ) in the area.

At the Vatican Council II, as representative of American Jews, Heschel persuaded the Roman Catholic Church to eliminate or modify passages in its liturgy that demeaned the Jews, or expected their conversion to Christianity.

In 1488 he was appointed Governor of the Netherlands ( until 1493 ) and marched with the imperial forces to free the Roman king Maximilian from his imprisonment at Bruges, and when, in 1489, the King returned to Germany, Albert was left as his representative to prosecute the war against the rebels.

Known as Tractarians after their production of Tracts for the Times on theological issues, they advanced the case for the Church of England being essentially a part of the ' Western Church ', of which the Roman Catholic Church was the chief representative.

In the meantime, Domitian acted as the representative of the Flavian family in the Roman Senate.

The Miserere is one of the most often-recorded examples of late Renaissance music, although it was actually written during the chronological confines of the Baroque era ; in this regard it is representative of the music of the Roman School of composers, who were stylistically conservative.

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina ( 3 February 1525 or 2 February 1526 – 2 February 1594 ) was an Italian Renaissance composer of sacred music and the best-known 16th-century representative of the Roman School of musical composition.

The Roman portraiture is representative of that genre ; examples include the portraits of Agrippa and Annius Verus ; among the bronzes is the Greek Apollo of Piombino.

Politically, Gregory V acted consistently as the Emperor's representative in Rome and granted many exceptional privileges to monasteries within the Holy Roman Empire.

Stylistically, Jefferson was a proponent of the Greek and Roman styles, which he believed to be most representative of American democracy by historical association.

Ireland thus became an integral part of the United Kingdom, sending around 100 MPs to the House of Commons at Westminster and 28 representative peers to the House of Lords, elected from among their number by the Irish peers themselves, except that Roman Catholic peers were not permitted to take their seats in the Lords.

From 1922 to 1925, the Fascist movement led by Benito Mussolini seized power in Italy with a nationalist, totalitarian, and class collaborationist agenda that abolished representative democracy, repressed socialist, left wing and liberal forces, and pursued an aggressive foreign policy aimed at forcefully forging Italy as a world power — a " New Roman Empire ".

Moreover, as Hercules, he could claim to be the son of Jupiter, the representative of the supreme god of the Roman pantheon.

Sallust wrote an account of the conspiracy that epitomized Catiline as representative of all of the evils festering in the declining Roman republic.

Celestine sent Arcadius and Projectus, to represent himself and his Roman council ; in addition, he sent the Roman priest, Philip, as his personal representative.

The region's religious profile is representative of France as a whole, with the majority ( 85 %) being Roman Catholic, but not all members regularly attend church or practice every element of Roman Catholicism.

The Roman Republic was the first government in the western world to have a representative government, although it didn't have much of a democracy.

Additionally, the Roman model of governance inspired many political thinkers over the centuries, and today's modern representative democracies imitate more the Roman than the Greek models because it was a state in which supreme power was held by the people and their elected representatives, and which had an elected or nominated a leader .. Representative democracy is a form of democracy in which people vote for representatives who then vote on policy initiatives as opposed to a direct democracy, a form of democracy in which people vote on policy initiatives directly.

Such a sovereign was considered the most direct representative of the Visigothic kings, who had been themselves the representatives of the Roman Empire.

In 1367 Joasaph ( as he was now known ) was appointed the representative of the Eastern Orthodox Church to negotiate with Paul of Smyrna then the Latin Patriarch of Constantinople to attempt a reconciliation of the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches.

The Great Apostasy is a term used by some religious groups to describe a general fallen state of traditional Christianity, especially the Papacy, because they claim it allowed the traditional Roman mysteries and deities of solar monism such as Mithras and Sol Invictus and idol worship back into the church, and is not representative of the faith founded by Jesus and his twelve Apostles: in short, in their opinion, the church has fallen into apostasy.

To a spiritually exhausted and politically uncertain Western Europe beset by Muslim and Norse incursions, Pope Nicholas appeared as a conscientious representative of Roman primacy in the Church.