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Scandinavian and folklore
While the Scandinavian branch emphasizes pantheist spirituality rooted in medieval and contemporary Scandinavian folklore, the American branch postulates a " native religion of the peoples of Northern Europe " reaching back into the paleolithic.
In Scandinavian folklore, the creature is said to possess a distinctly human form, with the exception that its head is composed entirely of seaweed.
Elves are first attested in Old English and Old Norse texts and are prominent in traditional British and Scandinavian folklore.
The elves are typically pictured as fair-haired, white-clad, and ( like most creatures in the Scandinavian folklore ) nasty when offended.
Freyja is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources ; in the Prose Edda and Heimskringla, both written by Snorri Sturluson in the 13th century ; in several Sagas of Icelanders ; in the short story Sörla þáttr ; in the poetry of skalds ; and into the modern age in Scandinavian folklore, as well as the name for Friday in many Germanic languages.
Category: Scandinavian folklore
Loki is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources ; the Prose Edda and Heimskringla, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson ; the Norwegian Rune Poems, in the poetry of skalds, and in Scandinavian folklore.
* Helhest, the three-legged " Hel horse " of later Scandinavian folklore
A troll is a supernatural being in Norse mythology and Scandinavian folklore.
Later, in Scandinavian folklore, trolls became beings in their own right, where they live far from human habitation, are not Christianized, and are considered dangerous to human beings.
One of the most famous elements of Scandinavian folklore, trolls are depicted in a variety of media in modern popular culture.
Sea serpents also appear frequently in later Scandinavian folklore, particularly in that of Norway.
Category: Scandinavian folklore
A tomte, nisse or tomtenisse ( Sweden ) (), nisse ( Norway and Denmark ) () or tonttu ( Finland ) is a humanoid mythical creature of Scandinavian folklore.
The tomte is one of the most familiar creatures of Scandinavian folklore, and he has appeared in many works of Scandinavian literature.
His father, Carl Wilhelm von Sydow, was an ethnologist and professor of Irish, Scandinavian, and comparative folklore at the University of Lund.
In Iceland, the tales of the Völsung cycle were expanded with native Scandinavian folklore, including that of Helgi Hundingsbane, which originally appears to have been part of a separate tradition, that of the Ylfings, and form the material of the epic poems in the Elder Edda and of Völsunga saga, which preserves material from lost poems.
The Askafroa ( Swedish " wife of the ash tree "), also known as the Danish Askefrue and German Eschenfrau, is a type of legendary creature in Scandinavian and German folklore, similar to the Greek Hamadryads.
In Scandinavian folklore, the Norwegian name tusse for a kind of troll or nisse, derives from Old Norse Þurs.
* Mara ( folklore ), a specter or wraith-like creature in Germanic and particularly Scandinavian folklore
* Scandinavian folklore

Scandinavian and which
These have never gone out of style in Scandinavian homes and now seem to be reappearing here and there in shops which specialize in handicrafts.
Historians identify several waves of migration to the United States: one from 1815 – 1860, in which some five million English, Irish, Germanic, Scandinavian, and others from northwestern Europe came to the United States ; one from 1865 – 1890, in which some 10 million immigrants, also mainly from northwestern Europe, settled, and a third from 1890 – 1914, in which 15 million immigrants, mainly from central, eastern, and southern Europe ( many Austrian, Hungarian, Turkish, Lithuanian, Russian, Jewish, Greek, Italian, and Romanian ) settled in the United States.
Today, his descendants can be found in many places outside of Afghanistan, such as in America, France, Germany, and even in Scandinavian countries such as Denmark and carry the surname of Ziyaee, which is itself a derivative of the King's title.
Conversely the use of true brass seems to have declined in Western Europe during this period in favour of gunmetals and other mixed alloys but by the end of the first Millennium AD brass artefacts are found in Scandinavian graves in Scotland, brass was being used in the manufacture of coins in Northumbria and there is archaeological and historical evidence for the production of brass in Germany and The Low Countries areas rich in calamine ore which would remain important centres of brass making throughout the medieval period, especially Dinant – brass objects are still collectively known as dinanterie in French.
There are five main categories in which potential sources and / or analogues are included: Scandinavian parallels, classical sources, Irish sources and analogues, ecclesiastical sources, and echoes in other Old English texts.
The reason for this is that although the Scandinavian peninsula is attached to Continental Europe by Karelia etc., it is usually reached by sea, not by land ( which would require travelling north as far as Tornio at the 66th parallel north ).
Another example is the word gift, which in English and Dutch means a " present " but in German and the Scandinavian languages means " poison " ( the Swedish word for " gift " being gåva, related to the verb " to give ").
Another suggested influence is the six-string Scandinavian lut ( lute ), which gained in popularity in areas of Viking incursions across medieval Europe.
Scandinavian cartographers from the early 15th century attempted to localise or identify Ginnungagap as a real geographic location from which the creation myth derived.
Another Scandinavian people, the Rus ' people, would go on to found Kievan Rus ', an early state which was a precursor for the modern country of Russia.
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the noun derives from a verb to kilt, originally meaning " to gird up ; to tuck up ( the skirts ) round the body ", which is apparently of Scandinavian origin.
Mor may derive from an Indo-European root connoting terror or monstrousness, cognate with the Old English maere ( which survives in the modern English word " nightmare ") and the Scandinavian mara and the Old Russian " mara " (" nightmare "); while rígan translates as ' queen '.
There is, however, a Scandinavian breed of the common elk in which the antlers are simpler and recall those of the East Siberian animals.
The terrain of Scandinavia favored heavy infantry, and while the nobles fought mounted in the continental fashion, the Scandinavian peasants formed a well-armed and well-armoured infantry, of which approximately 30 % to 50 % would be archers or crossbowmen.
Though it is difficult to be certain of much of the aspects of Norn grammar, documents indicate that it may have featured subjectless clauses, which were common in the West Scandinavian languages.
The term Scandinavia is usually used as a cultural term, but in English usage, it is occasionally confused with the purely geographical term Scandinavian Peninsula, which took its name from the cultural-linguistic concept.
The Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish languages form a dialect continuum and are known as the Scandinavian languages — all of which are considered mutually intelligible with each other.
The Scandinavian Peninsula is a peninsula in Northern Europe, which today covers Norway, Sweden, and most of northern Finland.
Much of the population of the Scandinavian Peninsula is naturally concentrated in its southern part, which is also its agricultural region.
The exact meaning of this old term, and the reasons it came into common usage, are unknown ; in Scandinavian languages, lapp means " a patch of cloth for mending ", which may be a description of the clothing, called a gakti, that the Sámi wear.
A Scandinavian origin has been proposed ( compare, for example, Norwegian slengenamn, which means " nickname "), but is discounted by the Oxford English Dictionary based on " date and early associations ".
In old Scandinavian sagas, Saaremaa is called Eysysla and in the Icelandic Sagas Eysýsla, which means exactly the same as the name of the island in Estonian: " the district ( land ) of island ".

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