In fact, it was not until the King of Spain had visited at Pickfair that Mary and Doug were beckoned to cross the sacred barriers which separate Los Angeles and Pasadena from the hoi-polloi.

) Adobe brickmaking was used in Spain starting by the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age, from the eighth century B. C.

Alexis Carrel was also a member of learned societies in the U. S., Spain, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Vatican City, Germany, Italy and Greece and received honorary doctorates from Queen's University of Belfast, Princeton University, California, New York, Brown University and Columbia University.

Braudel's work came to define a " second " era of Annales historiography and was very influential throughout the 1960s and 1970s, especially for his work on the Mediterranean region in the era of Philip II of Spain.

In July 2006, the tomb of the king ( which is located in the Santa Cruz Monastery in Coimbra ) was to be opened for scientific purposes by researchers from the University of Coimbra ( Portugal ), and the University of Granada ( Spain ).

Alfonso XII ( born Alfonso Francisco de Asís Fernando Pío Juan María de la Concepción Gregorio Pelayo ) ( Madrid, 28 November 1857 – El Pardo, 25 November 1885 ) was King of Spain, reigning from 1874 to 1885, after a coup d ' état restored the monarchy and ended the ephemeral First Spanish Republic.

Alfonso was the son of Queen Isabella II of Spain, and allegedly, of her husband and King Consort, Francis, Duke of Cádiz.

Dependent of the kingdom of Mexico / New Spain was:

He assumed the title of Alfonso XII, for although no King of united Spain had borne the name " Alfonso XI ", the Spanish monarchy was regarded as continuous with the more ancient monarchy represented by the 11 kings of Asturias, León and Castile also named Alfonso.

The aim was to secede Cuba from Spain, and annex it as a US state as Florida had been in 1824 through the Adams-Onis Treaty.

Finally Amadeus of Savoy, Duke of Ostia, was elected by Parliament as new King of Spain.

So, he sent Alfonso to the Sandhurst Military Academy in England, where the training Alfonso received was severe but more cosmopolitan than Spain, given the current athmosphere

During his short reign, peace was established both at home and abroad, finances were well regulated, and the various administrative services were placed on a basis that afterwards enabled Spain to pass through the disastrous war with the United States without the threat of a revolution.

He was the 996th Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece in Spain, the 104th Grand Cross of the Order of the Tower and Sword in 1861 and the 775th Knight of the Order of the Garter in 1881.

Alfonso XIII ( Alfonso León Fernando María Jaime Isidro Pascual Antonio de Borbón y Austria-Lorena ; 17 May 1886 – 28 February 1941 ) was King of Spain from 1886 until 1931.

Alfonso was born in Madrid, posthumously born son of Alfonso XII of Spain, and became King of Spain upon his birth.

When he came of age in 1902, the week of his majority was marked by festivities, bullfights, balls and receptions throughout Spain.

However, he became gravely ill during the 1918 flu pandemic and, since Spain was neutral and thus under no wartime censorship restrictions, his illness and subsequent recovery were covered worldwide, giving the false impression ( in the absence of real news from anywhere else ) that Spain was the most-affected area.

Alfonso was a promoter of tourism in Spain.

When the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed on 14 April 1931, he fled and left Spain, but did not abdicate the throne.

* Infante Jaime Luitpold Isabelino Enrique Alberto Alfonso Victor Acacio Pedro Maria of Spain ( 1908 – 1975 ), a deaf-mute as the result of a childhood operation, he renounced his rights to the throne in 1933 and became Duke of Segovia, and later Duke of Madrid, and who, as a legitimist pretender to the French throne from 1941 to 1975, was known as the Duke of Anjou.

His portraits are notable for their disinclination to flatter, and in the case of Charles IV of Spain and His Family, the lack of visual diplomacy is remarkable.

In some countries the civil flag is the same as the war flag or state flag, but without the coat of arms, such as in the case of Spain, and in others it's an alteration of the war flag.

: The Treaty stipulated that no overland trade between Gibraltar and Spain was to take place, except for emergency provisions in the case that Gibraltar is unable to be supplied by sea.

* 1955-At the United Nations, Spain, which had just been admitted to membership, initiated a claim to the territory, arguing that the principle of territorial integrity, not self-determination, applied in the case of the decolonization of Gibraltar, and that the United Kingdom should cede sovereignty of the Rock to Spain.

In the case of Andorra, two Co-Princes act as the principality's heads of state ; one is also simultaneously the President of France, residing in France, and the other is the Bishop of Urgell, residing in Spain.

Spain claims the British overseas territory of Gibraltar, ceded to Britain in perpetuity in 1713 under the Treaty of Utrecht, and argues its case at the United Nations claiming its territorial integrity is affected.

One case is that of Gonzalo Guerrero, a European from Spain, who was shipwrecked along the Yucatan Peninsula, and fathered three Mestizo children with a Mayan noblewoman.

Also, on exceptions, the meeting can be presided by His Majesty the King of Spain, by request of the prime minister, in which case, the Council informs the King of the State's affairs.

Portugal further bases its case on Article 105 of the Treaty of Vienna of 1815, which Spain signed in 1817, that states that the winning countries are to " endeavour with the mightiest conciliatory effort to return Olivenza / Olivença to Portuguese authority ".

Colonized by Spain from 1884 to 1975, as Spanish Sahara, the territory has been listed with the United Nations as a case of incomplete decolonization since the 60s, making it the last major territory to effectively remain a colony, according to the UN.

The Austrians, who were not party to the treaty, were displeased, for in the first case they openly vied for the whole of Spain and its possessions, and in the second it was the Italian territories that interested them most, being richer, closer to Austria, and more governable.

The case was shelved in 2010, because of a law passed in 2009 that restricted High Court investigations to those " involving Spanish victims, suspects who are in Spain, or some other obvious link with Spain ".

Forrest had known some of the southern filibusters on the vessel as friends and offered his services to Sherman in case of war with Spain.

( see also Slavery in the Spanish New World colonies ) Although Spain claimed the entire Caribbean, they settled only the larger islands of Hispaniola ( 1493 ), Puerto Rico ( 1508 ), Jamaica ( 1509 ), Cuba ( 1511 ), and Trinidad ( 1530 ), although the Spanish made an exception in the case of the small ' pearl islands ' of Cubagua and Margarita off the Venezuelan coast because of their valuable pearl beds which were worked extensively between 1508 and1530.

Congress wanted an army of adequate size in case American interests in Florida or the west led to war with Britain or Spain.

These explorations were followed, notably in the case of Spain, by a phase of conquest: The Spaniards, having just finished the Reconquista of Spain from Muslim rule, were the first to colonize the Americas, applying the same model of governing to the former Al-Andalus as to their territories of the New World.

Other former cases at international courts between Belgium and other countries are — in chronological order — the Oscar Chinn Case of 1934 ( with the United Kingdom, the Borghgrave Case of ( 1937 ), the cases of the electricity company of Sofia ( with Bulgaria ) and of the " société commerciale de Belgique " ( with Greece ) of 1939, the case concerning the Barcelona Traction Company of 1970 ( with Spain ), the arrest warrant case of 2002 ( with the Democratic Republic of the Congo ) and the case concerning legality of use of force of 2004 ( with Serbia and Montenegro ).

The first headdresses were fairly low, and in the case of Spain and Austria sometimes contained elements from both mitres and bearskins.

At the time of its outlawing in Spain, Batasuna lawyers took the case to the European Court of Human Rights ( ECHR ).

Most of the por opción clauses do not confer original status ( except those included in the Historical Memory Law ), thus it can be lost, and, in case one possesses nationality other than those described below as historically related to Spain ( e. g., United States ), renounce their current nationality in front of Spanish consular officials.