Front page cover of the newspaper L ’ Aurore for Thursday 13 January 1898, with the letter J ’ Accuse ...!, written by Émile Zola about the Dreyfus affair.

Zola ’ s 20 Rougon-Macquart novels are a panoramic account of the Second French Empire.

In the Rougon-Macquart novels, provincial life tends to be overshadowed by Zola ’ s preoccupation with the capital.

Like Balzac, Zola ’ s imagination was roused by Paris and all that the capital represented to him.

Claude Bernard ’ s experiments were in the field of clinical physiology, those of the Naturalist writers ( Zola being their leader ) would be in the realm of psychology.

Essential to Zola ’ s concept of the experimental novel was dispassionate observation of the world, with all that it involved by way of meticulous documentation.

It was important to Zola that no character should appear larger than life ; but the criticism that Zola ’ s characters are cardboard, is a substantially more damaging one which in view of the characterization of Gervaise Macquart ( L ' Assommoir ), Nana Coupeau ( Nana ), Jacques Lantier ( La Bête humaine ), Serge Mouret ( La Faute de l ' Abbé Mouret ), Jean Macquart ( La Terre ) and Pascal Rougon ( Le Docteur Pascal ), may seriously be doubted.

Innéité is defined by Zola as that process in which “ se confondent les caractères physiques et moraux des parents, sans que rien d ' eux semble s ’ y retrouver ”; it is the term used in biology to describe the process whereby the moral and temperamental dispositions of some individuals are unaffected by the hereditary transmission of genetic characteristics.

“ Speculation and Dissipation: A Reading of Zola ’ s La Curée ”.

On 13 January 1898, Emile Zola published his famous J ’ accuse, which accused the French government of anti-Semitism and especially focused on the court-martial and jailing of Dreyfus.

** Portrait d ’ Emile Zola ( Musée d ’ Orsay, Paris )

Zola casually tosses in a remark that the money and watch stolen from Grandmorin was hidden behind the skirting board in their apartment, thus confirming the reader ’ s suspicion that Roubaud was the murderer all along.

Zola undertook a huge amount of research into the language of the street for his most realistic novel to date, using a large number of obscure contemporary slang words and curses to capture an authentic atmosphere.

Émile Zola describes the back-stage and on-stage situation in the Théâtre des Variétés during the Second Empire in his novel Nana, which takes place in late 1860s and describes the career of operetta diva / courtesan Nana.

However, Zola dies of carbon monoxide poisoning due to a faulty stove the night before the public ceremony in which Dreyfus is exonerated.

Although Zola would not accept that it was either scientifically or artistically justifiable to create larger-than-life characters, his work does present a number of larger-than-life symbols which, like the mine Le Voreux in Germinal, take on the nature of a surrogate human life.

His career was further overclouded by the long-drawn-out Dreyfus case, in which he took an active part as a supporter of Emile Zola and an opponent of the anti-Semitic and Nationalist campaigns.

Les Halles was known as the " Belly of Paris ", as it was coined by Émile Zola in his novel, Le Ventre de Paris which is depicting and set in the busy marketplace of the 19th century.

At 24 years of age, Mao Dun was already renowned as a novelist by the community in general, and in 1920, he and a group of young writers took over the magazine Xiaoshuo Yuebao ( 小说月报 ), which translated means " fiction monthly ", to publish literature by western authors, such as Tolstoy, Chekhov, Balzac, Flaubert, Zola, Byron, Keats, Shaw, etc., and make new theories of literature better known.

The title refers not only to the " fortune " chased by Pierre and Felicité Rougon, but also to the fortunes of the various disparate family members Zola introduces us to — their future lives, for which this novel is the starting point.

In Le docteur Pascal, Zola describes the influence of heredity on Saccard as an " adjection " in which the natures of his avaricious parents are commingled.

Francois is slightly compulsive in his behaviour and Marthe clearly suffers from some sort of mental illness, which Zola intended to portray as a genetic consequence of the Rougon-Macquart family's tangled ancestry.

On the face of it this could have been a relatively dull series of political observations, but instead by the end it is almost a melodrama, such is the anticlerical fury which Zola instils in his work.

; 1898 January 13: The French writer Émile Zola exposed the Dreyfus affair to the general public in a famously incendiary open letter to President Félix Faure to which the French journalist and politician Georges Clemenceau affixed the headline " J ' accuse!

Taine had a profound effect on French literature ; the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica asserted that " the tone which pervades the works of Zola, Bourget and Maupassant can be immediately attributed to the influence we call Taine's.

As critic Philip Walker says of Zola, " In page after page, including many of his most memorable writings, we are presented with what amounts to a mimesis of the interplay between sensation and imagination which Taine studied at great length and out of which, he believed, emerges the world of the mind.

( He is portrayed in precisely the opposite way in the 1937 film The Life of Emile Zola, in which he is depicted as the person who finally discovers the truth and demands the resignation of all those responsible for incriminating Dreyfus.

Zola models his store after Le Bon Marché, which consolidated under one roof many of the goods hitherto sold in separate shops.

Interest in the lot of the common people, which many artists felt in that period, was nurtured by the social conscience of French writers such as Emile Zola.

* Zola is also a Central African female name which means ' productive '

While the anarchist Souvarine preaches violent action, the miners and their families hold back, their poverty becoming ever more disastrous, until they are sparked into a ferocious riot, the violence of which is described in explicit terms by Zola, as well as providing some of the novelist's best and most evocative crowd scenes.

The widened scope of the original legislation led to the subsequent notorious targeting of now acknowledged classics of world literature by such authors as Zola, James Joyce and D. H. Lawrence plus medical textbooks by such as Havelock Ellis rather than the blatant erotica which was the original target of this law.

Some examples of these opposing values are Nazism ( Red Skull, Baron Zemo ), Neo-Nazism ( Crossbones, Doctor Faustus ), technocratic fascism ( AIM, Arnim Zola ), Communism ( Aleksander Lukin ), anarchism ( Flag Smasher and Viper ), and international and domestic terrorism ( HYDRA ).

Gravestone of Émile Zola at cimetière Montmartre ; his remains are now interred in the Panthéon ( Paris ) | Panthéon.

Among those buried in its necropolis are Voltaire, Rousseau, Victor Hugo, Émile Zola, Jean Moulin, Marie Skłodowska-Curie, Louis Braille, Jean Jaurès and Soufflot, its architect.

The fictional town of Plassans ( loosely based on the real city of Aix-en-Provence, where Zola grew up ) is established as the setting for the novel and described in intimate detail, and then we are introduced to the eccentric heroine Adelaide Fouque, later known as " Tante Dide ", who becomes the common ancestor for both the Rougon and Macquart families.

The reaction of the townsfolk to this outside influence is fascinatingly drawn by Zola, and the tactics of the groups who are in " resistance " to Abbé Faujas ' clever machinations are very keenly observed.

While the roles of Vito ( played by Markus Riexinger ) and Jimmy's girlfriend Kate ( Katrin Stephan ) were taken from the original play as they are, Jimmy Zoole was turned into a woman: Jenny Zola ( Jasmin Steck ), turning the relationship with Kate into a lesbian one.

Among the most famous French realist or naturalist authors are Guy de Maupassant and Émile Zola.

Among his works are monographs on Gustave Flaubert ( 1899 ), André Chénier ( 1902 ), Émile Zola ( 1903 ); an admirably concise Histoire de la littérature française depuis le XVII ' siècle jusqu ' a nos jours ; series of literary studies on the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries ; Questions politiques ( 1899 ); Propos littéraires ( 3 series, 1902 – 1905 ); Le Libéralisme ( 1902 ); and L ' Anticléricalisme ( 1906 ); Vie de Jean-Jacques Rousseau ( 1911 ); Petite histoire de la littérature française ( 1913 ).

Zola keeps his theorizing in the background and Étienne's motivations are much more natural as a result.

Boyish boastfulness which is at the same time coarse and clumsy .... “ If we are not as talented as you, Monsieur Zola, to make up for it we believe in God .”

Émile Zola had presented to the public an almost exclusive combination of bad men and women ; in L ' Abbé Constantin all are kind and good, and the change was eagerly welcomed by the public.

Also from Pelotas are the poet Lobo da Costa ( 1853 – 1888 ), the lyrical singer Zola Amaro ( 1891 – 1944 ), the singers and composers Kleiton & Kledir and Vitor Ramil, the actress Glória Menezes, and the football players Emerson Ferreira da Rosa and Daniel Carvalho.

Nana is especially noted for the crowd scenes, of which there are many, in which Zola proves himself a master of capturing the incredible variety of people.

Zola also recognizes that people are allowed to start their own record labels now that there is more finance coming to the South African people.

Unemployment, alcoholism, and single parent families are the norm in Zola.