The government-led effort — that began in the 1990s — to connect the country by expressways via the " National Trunk Highway System " has expanded the network to about by the end of 2011

Also, the government-led centralized system brought corruption problems such as misuse of funding.

* Community Development Council, Singapore government-led community programs

Despite government-led efforts to regenerate Toxteth after the 1981 riots, few of the area's problems appeared to have improved by 1991, by which time joyriding had also become a serious problem ; on 30 October that year, a 12-year-old was killed by a speeding stolen car on Granby Street, seriously injuring a nine-year-old who died in hospital from his injuries six days later.

While many countries ' efforts to preserve species and their habitats have been government-led, those in the North Western Europe tended to arise out of the middle-class and aristocratic interest in natural history, expressed at the level of the individual and the national, regional or local learned society.

Since the war, Serres has benefited from government-led programmes to develop its economy with foreign capital.

The government-led movement with highly centralized organizations proved to be efficient in 1970s and early 80s, but it became less effective after Korea entered into more developed and industrialized stage.

The Foundation has also embarked on an effort to develop strategies to improve the performance of public agencies through the effective use of government-led networks and the strengthening of the capacity of the public-sector workforce.

The Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada ( IPEA ) or Institute of Applied Economic Research is a Brazilian government-led research organization dedicated to generation of macroeconomical, sectorial and thematic studies in order to base government planning and policy making.

UPEACE / US projects include DCPEACE, an initiative to empower teachers, youth, and families with the skills and knowledge necessary to effectively serve as peacebuilders in their communities and PeaceRooms, a program that connect classrooms of middle school students from Costa Rica and Washington D. C. through the use of innovative virtual networking technology for the purpose of developing core concepts of global citizenship and peace education. UPEACE / US website

The initiative has resulted in a substantial market share of Europe's fast-growing M2M market and is being used by Nissan in Europe to connect its customers Electric Cars.

SEIU's Popular Media Organizing Program is an initiative to connect popular culture and the labor movement's platform with support from the creative arts.

The Eastern Africa Submarine Cable System ( EASSy ) is an initiative to connect countries of eastern Africa via a high bandwidth fibre optic cable system to the rest of the world.

Preston announced a 50 million dollar initiative will connect 3, 000 young Canadians with private sector jobs in fields like skilled trades and tourism.

Tasked to manage the public libraries and to lead them into the Information Age where non-print resources are making their mark, the NLB is aimed towards the creation of " borderless libraries ," an initiative aimed at bringing the libraries closer to Singaporeans, and to connect Singaporeans with the outside world.

* ODU news item on initiative involving using NetworkVirginia to connect K-12 schools, libraries, and museums to Internet2 and NLR

* Global Solidarity Partnerships — Tailored to an individual diocese or faith community, the initiative helps U. S. Catholics to connect with the poor overseas through education and awareness activities, reciprocal visits, shared faith and prayer experiences, as well as financial support for specific locally appropriate development programs.

The most recent developments on the island have included the reopening of the border between the two sides, and the failure of an attempt to reunify the island under the terms of a United Nations-sponsored initiative guided by the UN Secretary-General, Kofi Annan.

Slavery was abolished on the island on 28 May 1848 at the initiative of Victor Schoelcher.

Currently Longboat Key is located within two Florida counties, Manatee County in the north and Sarasota County in the south, but there have been calls for the Florida Legislature to pursue an initiative to create a 68th county, " Longboat Key County ," to simplify governance of the island.

It was Hellier's idea and initiative to recultivate the deserted island in 1563, and he was rewarded by being granted the fief in 1565 by Elizabeth I.

In the second half of June 1974 Makarios decided to take the initiative and challenge directly the Ioannides regime believing that he would humiliate it and eliminate their control of Cyprus through the Greek military officers in the Cypriot National Guard, thus making it impossible for them to stage a coup against him. In a second letter on July 2, 1974 he demanded the withdrawal of all Greek officers in the island by July 20, 1974.

Since 2003 from the initiative of the Odessa National University of I. I. Mechnikov on the island, the marine research station " Zmiiniy island " was established in which scientists and students from the University every year conduct research on local fauna, flora, geology, meteorology, atmospheric chemistry, hydrobiology, etc.

On the same day a separate formation of eight B-25s on its own initiative attempts to bomb Paramushiro ; they bomb an unidentified land mass through overcast without knowing if it is Japan, the Kuriles, the Kamchatka Peninsula, or an unidentified North Pacific island.

It is unclear when the first explorers discovered the island of São Jorge ; as part of the politics of human occupation, the Azores were populated after 1430 ( probably 1439 ) through the initiative of Prince Henry the Navigator.

On July 4, 1833, the vila, through the initiative of the Duke d ' Ávila and Bolama, was elevated to the status of city and the district capital, as a reward for the support that the people of the island had given to the Liberalist forces during the Portuguese Liberal Revolution.

With Turkey ’ s Armenian community not granted the privilege to hold a service at least once a year-as had been requested-and a large Turkish flag flying over the island, it was suggested by some critics that this project really announced the “ Turkification ” of this monument, the initiative being no more than a media stunt.

* Pulau Hantu-A celebration of marine life A non-profit, environmental awareness initiative for Pulau Hantu, an island recognised by most divers as Singapore ’ s most popular Southern Island, known for its sheltered and biologically diverse reefs.

On the goddess Athena's initiative, the Greek warrior Epeius builds the wooden horse, and the Greeks place their best warriors inside it, burn their camp, and withdraw to the nearby island Tenedos.

Round Iceland is an initiative to establish an absolute sailing speed record around the island of Iceland in the north Atlantic.

Despite a super majority Republican Legislature that opposed virtually every executive initiative, the Gutierrez-Bordallo administration was successful in guiding the island through the rough waters of economic downturns throughout the region.

The government ’ s broadband initiative for 2009-2010 had the following two aims: ( i ) the connection of up to 1. 5 million homes and businesses to the new fibre networks enabling them to benefit from improvements in high-speed Internet, TV and voice services ; ( ii ) the achievement of 50 per cent broadband penetration among households by 2010.

Among the projects that it supports, ORION enables the SHARCNET distributed computing initiative, by providing dedicated high-speed connectivity linking the computational resources of 16 post secondary and research institutions throughout Ontario.

In 2003, Whatis. com defined Intertainment as the e-business initiative that encouraged shopping malls and other public places to provide visitors with free high-speed Internet access.

A future high-speed rail tunnel to improve transit capacity between France and Italy is being planned as part of the Lyon Turin Ferroviaire initiative.

Telefónica is a supporter of the Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV ( HbbTV ) initiative ( a consortium of broadcasting and Internet industry companies including SES, OpenTV and Institut für Rundfunktechnik ) that is promoting and establishing an open European standard for hybrid set-top boxes for the reception of broadcast TV and broadband multimedia applications with a single user interface, and has run pilot HbbTV services in Spain.

Since 2010, Branson has served as a Commissioner on the Broadband Commission for Digital Development, a UN initiative which promotes universal access to broadband services.

This initiative was the first broadband implementation of MSN TV.

ZDF is a supporter of the Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV ( HbbTV ) initiative ( a consortium of broadcasting and Internet industry companies including SES, OpenTV and Institut für Rundfunktechnik ) which promotes the establishment of an open European standard for hybrid set-top boxes for the reception of broadcast TV and broadband multimedia applications with a single user interface.

In the 1990s, the National Information Infrastructure initiative in the U. S. made broadband Internet access a public policy issue.

On November 21, 2005, NBC Universal announced that the Trio brand would be transferred to a broadband Internet TV initiative under the Bravotv. com banner on January 1, 2006.

ORF is a supporter of the Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV ( HbbTV ) initiative ( a consortium of broadcasting and Internet industry companies including SES, OpenTV and Institut für Rundfunktechnik ) that is promoting and establishing an open European standard for hybrid set-top boxes for the reception of broadcast TV and broadband multimedia applications with a single user interface.

TF1 is a supporter of the Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV ( HbbTV ) initiative ( a consortium of broadcasting and Internet industry companies including SES, OpenTV and Institut für Rundfunktechnik ) that is promoting and establishing an open European standard for hybrid set-top boxes for the reception of broadcast TV and broadband multimedia applications with a single user interface.

Canal + is a supporter of the Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV ( HbbTV ) initiative ( a consortium of broadcasting and Internet industry companies including SES, OpenTV and Institut für Rundfunktechnik ) that is promoting and establishing an open European standard for hybrid set-top boxes for the reception of broadcast TV and broadband multimedia applications with a single user interface.

France Télévisions is a supporter of the Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV ( HbbTV ) initiative ( a consortium of broadcasting and Internet industry companies including SES, OpenTV and Institut für Rundfunktechnik ) that is promoting and establishing an open European standard for hybrid set-top boxes for the reception of broadcast TV and broadband multimedia applications with a single user interface, and has selected HbbTV for its interactive news, sports and weather service, and plans to add catch-up TV and social media sharing capability.

TVN is a supporter of the Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV ( HbbTV ) initiative ( a consortium of broadcasting and Internet industry companies including SES, OpenTV and Institut für Rundfunktechnik ) that is promoting and establishing an open European standard for hybrid set-top boxes for the reception of broadcast TV and broadband multimedia applications with a single user interface, and conducted the first tests of HbbTV services in Poland in March 2012.

France 24 is a supporter of the Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV ( HbbTV ) initiative ( a consortium of broadcasting and Internet industry companies including SES, OpenTV and Institut für Rundfunktechnik ) that is promoting and establishing an open European standard for hybrid set-top boxes for the reception of broadcast TV and broadband multimedia applications with a single user interface, and has announced that it will launch an HbbTV interactive news service in 2012 via the Astra 19. 2 ° E satellites, with support from Orange and SES.

Subsequently, an initiative in North Lochs championed teleworking, a call centre became of one Stornoway's largest employers and a campaign for reasonably priced broadband started in the islands.