* Scheduled: Part of the change review board's responsibility is to assist in the scheduling of changes by reviewing the proposed implementation date for potential conflicts with other scheduled changes or critical business activities.

The portrait that had developed, fragmentarily but consistently, was the portrait of a man to whom serious thinking is alien enough that the making of a decision inhibits, when it does not forestall, any ability to review the decision in the light of new evidence.

A recent systematic review suggested that physical therapy is effective, but there is only moderate evidence to support this conclusion.

A systematic 2003 review of controlled clinical trials related to the Alexander Technique found two reputable studies suggesting the Alexander Technique is effective in reducing the disability of patients suffering from Parkinson ’ s disease and improving pain behaviour and disability in patients with back pain, and concluded that the evidence supporting the effectiveness of the Alexander Technique is encouraging but not convincing.

Most cases that go to trial are carefully prepared through a discovery process that aids in the review of evidence and testimony before it is presented to judge or jury.

In addition, a 2010 Cochrane Collaboration review of trials of Risperidone, one of the biggest selling antipsychotics and the first of the new generation to become available in generic form, found only marginal benefit compared with placebo and that, despite its widespread use, evidence remains limited, poorly reported and probably biased in favor of risperidone due to pharmaceutical company funding of trials.

A review by the US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality found that much of the evidence for the off-label use of antipsychotics ( for example, for depression, dementia, OCD, PTSD, Personality Disorders, Tourette's ) was of insufficient scientific quality to support such use, especially as there was strong evidence of increased risks of stroke, tremors, significant weight gain, sedation, and gastrointestinal problems.

A few may be earlier, notably the one proposed for Old Scatness Broch in Shetland, where a sheep bone dating to 390 – 200 BC has been reported The other broch claimed to be substantially older than the 1st century BC is Crosskirk in Caithness, but a recent review of the evidence suggests that it cannot plausibly be assigned a date earlier than the 1st centuries BC / AD

However, controversy exists as to tolerance to the anxiolytic effects with some evidence that benzodiazepines retain efficacy and opposing evidence from a systematic review of the literature that tolerance frequently occurs and some evidence that anxiety may worsen with long-term use.

Elliot begins his lengthy review of historical evidence by quoting Irenaeus, a disciple of Polycarp.

A proper summary of the experimental evidence on clairvoyance should include a summary of all experiments that were conducted, taking into account their probabilities of turning out false positive and false negative results, and making sure that studies are not included in the review selectively.

The idea recurred in Classicist Michael Grant's 1977 review of the evidence for Jesus, who compared modern scepticism about an historical Jesus to the ancient docetic idea that Jesus only seemed to come into the world " in the flesh ".

A review of fourteen studies on the subject in sub-Saharan Africa, covering insecticide-treated nets, residual spraying, chemoprophylaxis for children, chemoprophylaxis or intermittent treatment for pregnant women, a hypothetical vaccine, and changing front – line drug treatment, found decision making limited by the gross lack of information on the costs and effects of many interventions, the very small number of cost-effectiveness analyses available, the lack of evidence on the costs and effects of packages of measures, and the problems in generalizing or comparing studies that relate to specific settings and use different methodologies and outcome measures.

Using techniques from science, engineering and statistics, such as the systematic review of medical literature, meta-analysis, risk-benefit analysis, and randomized controlled trials ( RCTs ), EBM aims for the ideal that healthcare professionals should make " conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence " in their everyday practice.

A 2001 review of 160 Cochrane systematic reviews ( excluding complementary treatments ) in the 1998 database revealed that, according to two readers, 41. 3 % concluded positive or possibly positive effect, 20 % concluded evidence of no effect, 8. 1 % concluded net harmful effects, and 21. 3 % of the reviews concluded insufficient evidence.

A review of 145 alternative medicine Cochrane reviews using the 2004 database revealed that 38. 4 % concluded positive effect or possibly positive ( 12. 4 %) effect, 4. 8 % concluded no effect, 0. 69 % concluded harmful effect, and 56. 6 % concluded insufficient evidence.

For example, the strongest evidence for therapeutic interventions is provided by systematic review of randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trials with allocation concealment and complete follow-up involving a homogeneous patient population and medical condition.

A review of the literature regarding benzodiazepine hypnotic and Z drugs concluded that these drugs caused an unjustifiable risk to the individual and to public health, and lack evidence of long-term effectiveness due to tolerance.

While heralded by many as outstanding colour photographs, they were harshly criticized by Susan Sontag, who claimed in a review that they were further evidence of Riefenstahl ’ s “ fascist aesthetics ”.

According to a systematic review by the Cochrane Collaboration, the best evidence in the treatment of LEMS exists for 3, 4-aminopyridine and IVIG.

* Topiramate ( Topamax ) is not FDA approved for bipolar disorder, either ; and a 2006 Cochrane review concluded that there is insufficient evidence on which to base any recommendations regarding the use of topiramate in any phase of bipolar illness.

A 2006 review however found little evidence to support this practice.

In some cases, an appellate court may review a lower court decision " de novo " ( or completely ), challenging even the lower court's findings of fact.

A UK review of unlicensed usage in children and adolescents reported a similar mixture of findings and concerns.

A review seeking to identify the more consistent findings suggested several genes related to serotonin ( SLC6A4 and TPH2 ), dopamine ( DRD4 and SLC6A3 ), glutamate ( DAOA and DTNBP1 ), and cell growth and / or maintenance pathways ( NRG1, DISC1 and BDNF ), although noting a high risk of false positives in the published literature.

The State Bar Court's review department upheld the panel's findings, which asked the justices to order Rosenthal's disbarment.

This is similar to the findings of a review by the British Medical Journal of studies up to February 2002 that failed to find clear effects of long and shorter chain n − 3 fats on total mortality, combined cardiovascular events and cancer.

For instance, a 2006 meta analysis on 14 studies concluded that there is " no discernable effect " while a 2007 systemic review of intercessory prayer reported inconclusive results, noting that 7 of 17 studies had " small, but significant, effect sizes " but the review noted that the most methodologically rigorous studies failed to produce significant findings.

In Gregg, the Court found, in a 7-2 ruling, that Georgia's new death penalty laws passed Eighth Amendment scrutiny: the statutes provided a bifurcated trial in which guilt and sentence were determined separately ; and, the statutes provided for " specific jury findings " followed by state supreme court review comparing each death sentence " with the sentences imposed on similarly situated defendants to ensure that the sentence of death in a particular case is not disproportionate.

Articles featured in the review cover aspects of peace and violent conflict with a view to informing students, policymakers, non-governmental organizations and other interested parties of relevant analysis, empirical findings, policy options, and areas for further research.

A 2011 paper in the Journal of Psychiatric Nurses Association reported similar findings in their review.

Another review in 2011 identified several putative biomarkers upon biopsy, including findings of small sensory nerve fibers or defectively expressed β3 integrin subunit.

* Following laparoscopic surgery women who were given Chinese herbs were reported to have comparable benefits to women with conventional drug treatments, though the journal article that reviewed this study also noted that " the two trials included in this review are of poor methodological quality so these findings must be interpreted cautiously.

Fact may also indicate findings derived through a process of evaluation, including review of testimony, direct observation, or otherwise ; as distinguishable from matters of inference or speculation.

In some appeals from decisions of administrative agencies, the courts apply a " substantial evidence " standard of review over the agency's factual findings.

Discrete particle simulation of particulate systems: A review of mayor applications and findings.

" Rather the review notes that the findings of previous studies suggested the ,"... suicide attempts were significantly associated with psychosocial stressors, including gender nonconformity, early awareness of being gay, victimization, lack of support, school dropout, family problems, acquaintances ' suicide attempts, homelessness, substance abuse, and other psychiatric disorders.

The available evidence suggests that the Hypericum extracts tested in the included trials a ) are superior to placebo in patients with major depression ; b ) are similarly effective as standard antidepressants ; and c ) have fewer side-effects than standard antidepressants. There are two issues that complicate the interpretation of our findings: 1 ) While the influence of precision on study results in placebo-controlled trials is less pronounced in this updated version of our review compared to the previous version ( Linde 2005a ), results from more precise trials still show smaller effects over placebo than less precise trials. 2 ) Results from German-language countries are considerably more favourable for Hypericum than trials from other countries.

In 1956 Gauqelin invited the Belgian Para Committee ( Comité Para ) to review his findings but it was not until 1962 that Jean Dath corroborated the statistics Gauquelin had presented and suggested an attempt at duplication using Belgian athletes.

This confirms the findings of an earlier systematic review of observational studies.

More recent studies not included in the review support the negative findings.

41-48, the majority of the Supreme Court of Canada noted that the test for whether a decision under review is patently unreasonable is articulated differently for findings of fact and findings of law.

When the reviewing court reviews the evidence that was before the original decision maker, on a question where the standard of review is patent unreasonableness, the reviewing court must determine whether " the evidence reasonably viewed is incapable of supporting the tribunal's findings " ( para.

A theoretical model, meta-analysis and review of empirical findings.