Multiple anagramming is a technique used to solve some kinds of cryptograms, such as a permutation cipher, a transposition cipher, and the Jefferson disk.

The Feistel cipher uses a combination of substitution and transposition techniques.

In cryptography, a transposition cipher is a method of encryption by which the positions held by units of plaintext ( which are commonly characters or groups of characters ) are shifted according to a regular system, so that the ciphertext constitutes a permutation of the plaintext.

The Rail Fence cipher is a form of transposition cipher that gets its name from the way in which it is encoded.

In a regular columnar transposition cipher, any spare spaces are filled with nulls ; in an irregular columnar transposition cipher, the spaces are left blank.

During World War I, the German military used a double columnar transposition cipher, changing the keys infrequently.

During World War II, the double transposition cipher was used by Dutch Resistance groups, the French Maquis and the British Special Operations Executive ( SOE ), which was in charge of managing underground activities in Europe.

Until the invention of the VIC cipher, double transposition was generally regarded as the most complicated cipher that an agent could operate reliably under difficult field conditions.

Another form of transposition cipher uses grilles, or physical masks with cut-outs, rather than a mathematical algorithm.

A detailed description of the cryptanalysis of a German transposition cipher

For example, a simple substitution cipher combined with a columnar transposition avoids the weakness of both.

Examples of ciphers that combine fractionation and transposition include the bifid cipher, the trifid cipher, the ADFGVX cipher and the VIC cipher.

The cipher used was often double transposition.

In cryptography, a scytale (, rhymes approximately with Italy ; also transliterated skytale, Greek σκυτάλη " baton ") is a tool used to perform a transposition cipher, consisting of a cylinder with a strip of parchment wound around it on which is written a message.

* Permutation cipher: a transposition cipher in which the key is a permutation

With even a small amount of known or estimated plaintext, simple polyalphabetic substitution ciphers and letter transposition ciphers designed for pen and paper encryption are easy to crack.

In a disrupted transposition, certain positions in a grid are blanked out, and not used when filling in the plaintext.

If the ciphertext exhibits a frequency distribution very similar to plaintext, it is most likely a transposition.

Replacing high frequency ciphertext symbols with high frequency plaintext letters does not reveal chunks of plaintext because of the transposition.

* c. 1400-Ahmad al-Qalqashandi gives a list of ciphers in his Subh al-a ' sha which include both substitution and transposition, and for the first time, a cipher with multiple substitutions for each plaintext letter ; he also gives an exposition on and worked example of cryptanalysis, including the use of tables of letter frequencies and sets of letters which can not occur together in one word

In theory, any transposition cipher can be viewed as a permutation cipher where e is equal to the length of the plaintext ; this is too cumbersome a generalisation to use in actual practice, however.

The list of ciphers in this work included both substitution and transposition, and for the first time, a cipher with multiple substitutions for each plaintext letter.

Examples from the nineteenth century are the transposition of " Horatio Nelson " into " Honor est a Nilo " ( Latin = Honor is from the Nile ); and of " Florence Nightingale " into " Flit on, cheering angel ".

In some cases the terms codes and ciphers are also used synonymously to substitution and transposition.

This transposition applies even when reading the tenor and treble clef, which are used to avoid excessive ledger lines when notating the instrument's upper range.

" In North America, music for the instrument is usually written in the bass clef at concert pitch ( that is, without transposition ), though treble clef euphonium parts, transposing down a major ninth, are included in much concert band music.

Epstein had already imagined that " through the transposition of natural sounds, it becomes possible to create chords and dissonances, melodies and symphonies of noise, which are a new and specifically cinematographic music " ( Battier 2007, 191 ).

Therefore, they are non-autonomous elements with regard to transposition activity.

They are assigned to one of two classes according to their mechanism of transposition, which can be described as either " copy and paste " ( for class I TEs ) or " cut and paste " ( for class II TEs ).

Interspersed Repeats within genomes are created by transposition events accumulating over evolutionary time.

In a columnar transposition, the message is written out in rows of a fixed length, and then read out again column by column, and the columns are chosen in some scrambled order.

In Myszkowski transposition, recurrent keyword letters are numbered identically, TOMATO yielding a keystring of " 432143.

During the 1940s and 1950s, McClintock discovered transposition and used it to show how genes are responsible for turning physical characteristics on or off.

Rather than a property of the instrument, the transposition is a convention of music notation — however, instruments whose music is typically notated in this way are called transposing instruments.

For example, transposition tables are used to record positions that have been previously evaluated, to save recalculation of them.

The ancient surviving text mentioning them, although not recognizing them as the four fundamental principles, is the Rhetorica ad Herennium, of unknown authorship, where they are called πλεονασμός ( addition ), ἔνδεια ( omission ), μετάθεσις ( transposition ) and ἐναλλαγή ( permutation ).

Piccolos are often orchestrated to double ( i. e., to play together with ) the violins or the flutes, adding sparkle and brilliance to the overall sound because of the aforementioned one-octave transposition upwards.

William Camden provided a definition of " Anagrammatisme " as " a dissolution of a name truly written into his letters, as his elements, and a new connection of it by artificial transposition, without addition, subtraction or change of any letter, into different words, making some perfect sense applyable ( i. e., applicable ) to the person named.

All of the known temperate phages employ one of only three different systems for their lysogenic cycle: lambda-like integration / excision, Mu-like transposition or the plasmid-like partitioning of phage N15.

As an example, we can take the result of the irregular columnar transposition in the previous section, and perform a second encryption with a different keyword, < tt > STRIPE </ tt >, which gives the permutation " 564231 ":

Playing a written C on a transposing instrument produces a different pitch, and that pitch identifies the interval of transposition when describing the instrument.

* Trinity College Department of Computer Science: Historical Cryptography Information about many different types of encryption algorithms including substitution and transposition ciphers

For example, a mind-reading stunt might also involve the magical transposition of two different objects.

Any scale having 12 different transpositions is not a mode of limited transposition.

The common tone theorem describes that scales possessing the deep scale property share a different number of common tones for every different transposition of the scale, suggesting an explanation for the use and usefulness of the diatonic collection.

In many instances the material performed by Hinge and Bracket required transposition to a different key or other special musical arrangement.

and plenty of different schools for left hand ( vibrato ) and right hand ( fingerstyle playing ) and enormous classical music musical transposition archives and music composed for Russian 7-string guitar for 200 years in Russia.

His influence on opera productions around the world was increasingly visible ever since that milestone production, having substantial impact on concepts of other directors and designers who had chosen to follow the path of the so-called " Regietheater ", which may involve the transposition of the stage action into a different historical context by means of anachronistic or abstract costumes and set designs.

Later in the movement however, Martin does demonstrate his own take on the technique, common in the music of Schoenberg and Webern and others, of ' telescoping ' his row forms, that is, the final note of one statement is also the first of the next at a different transposition, though unlike these composers, Martin only uses fragments of each row form.

different opinions on the transposition.