In addition to the basic programs in wavelength standards, spectroscopy, solid state physics, interactions of the free electron and atomic constants which are necessary to provide the foundation for technological progress, the Bureau has strengthened its activities in laboratory astrophysics.

Born in Jerusalem in 1937 to secular parents, Steinsaltz studied mathematics, physics, and chemistry at the Hebrew University, in addition to rabbinical studies.

In addition, Moseley's methods and analyses made the huge step of placing the concept of atomic number on a firm foundation based in physics.

In addition, Maxwell's equations required that all electromagnetic waves in vacuum propagate at a fixed speed, c. As this can only occur in one reference frame in Newtonian physics ( see Galilean-Newtonian relativity ), the aether was hypothesized as the absolute and unique frame of reference in which Maxwell's equations hold.

In addition, Einstein's use of the word " aether " found little support in the scientific community, and played no role in the continuing development of modern physics.

In addition to their other properties all particles possess a quantity, which has no correspondence at all in conventional physics, namely the spin, which is some kind of intrinsic angular momentum ( therefore the name ).

In addition palaeontology often uses techniques derived from other sciences, including biology, ecology, chemistry, physics and mathematics.

In addition to these central problems of science as a whole, many philosophers of science also consider problems that apply to particular sciences ( e. g. philosophy of biology or philosophy of physics ).

Accurate predictive capabilities are needed, which will require the addition of new physics to existing MHD models.

In physics and analog electronics, noise is a mostly unwanted random addition to a signal ; it is called noise as a generalisation of the acoustic noise (" static ") heard when listening to a weak radio transmission with significant electrical noise.

In addition to the observation of the intermediate vector mesons, the CERN proton-antiproton collider dominated the scene of high energy physics from its first operation in 1981 until its close in 2002, when the Tevatron at Fermilab took over this role.

In addition, the college is expanding efforts in green chemistry, bioinformatics, computational biology, nanotechnology, computational finance, sensor research and biological physics.

In addition to high energy collider physics, Fermilab is also host to a number of smaller fixed-target and neutrino experiments, such as MiniBooNE ( Mini Booster Neutrino Experiment ), SciBooNE ( SciBar Booster Neutrino Experiment ) and MINOS ( Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search ).

In addition to the unpredictable and irreversible character of measurement processes, there are other elements of quantum physics that distinguish it sharply from classical physics and which are not present in any classical theory.

In addition, statistical ensembles in physics are often built on a principle of locality: that all interactions are only between neighboring atoms or nearby molecules.

Many, particularly realists, find this minimal formulation an inadequate formulation of the purpose of physics, which they view as providing, in addition, a deeper world picture.

In addition to their mainstream scientific research work on quantum mechanics and laser physics, they initiated several studies of the paranormal.

In addition to nuclear work, the laboratory maintained a strong presence in the basic research of physics and chemistry.

Douglas Adams, in the last book of the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy series, Mostly Harmless, uses the idea of probability as an extra axis in addition to the classical four dimensions of space and time similar to the many-worlds interpretation of quantum physics.

In addition to Bailey's technical work in mathematics and computer science, Bailey has written articles on science and religion, emphasizing that the modern theories of geology, biology, physics, astronomy and cosmology must be taken seriously in forming a religious worldview.

In addition, the laws of physics determine how electricity flows through an electricity network.

This usually requires the addition of substances which protect the cells during freezing and thawing ( cryoprotectants ), 3 ) preservation of organs under hypothermic conditions for transplantation, 4 ) lyophilization ( freeze-drying ) of pharmaceuticals, 5 ) cryosurgery, a ( minimally ) invasive approach for the destruction of unhealthy tissue using cryogenic gases / fluids, and 6 ) physics of supercooling, ice nucleation / growth and mechanical engineering aspects of heat transfer during cooling and warming, as applied to biological systems.

In addition, the division promotes research and development in computational physics ; enhances prestige and professional standing of its members ; encourages scholarly publication ; and promotes international cooperation in these activities.

In addition to mathematics and statistics, the arithmetic mean is used frequently in fields such as economics, sociology, and history, though it is used in almost every academic field to some extent.

In addition, Ampère used his access to the latest mathematical books to begin teaching himself advanced mathematics at age 12.

In mathematics, an associative algebra A is an associative ring that has a compatible structure of a vector space over a certain field K or, more generally, of a module over a commutative ring R. Thus A is endowed with binary operations of addition and multiplication satisfying a number of axioms, including associativity of multiplication and distributivity, as well as compatible multiplication by the elements of the field K or the ring R.

Other examples are readily found in different areas of mathematics, for example, vector addition, matrix multiplication and conjugation in groups.

" In addition, the element Earth is associated with Budha or Mercury who represents communication, business, mathematics and other practical matters.

He entered the Faculty of Law at the University of Bologna, where in addition to law he studied mathematics, economics, and biology.

" For example: in mathematics, it is known that 2 + 2 = 4, but there is also knowing how to add two numbers and knowing a person ( e. g., oneself ), place ( e. g., one's hometown ), thing ( e. g., cars ), or activity ( e. g., addition ).

An example of such a finite field is the ring Z / pZ, which is essentially the set of integers from 0 to p − 1 with integer addition and multiplication modulo p. It is also sometimes denoted Z < sub > p </ sub >, but within some areas of mathematics, particularly number theory, this may cause confusion because the same notation Z < sub > p </ sub > is used for the ring of p-adic integers.

In mathematics, a linear map, linear mapping, linear transformation, or linear operator ( in some contexts also called linear function ) is a function between two modules ( including vector spaces ) that preserves the operations of module ( or vector ) addition and scalar multiplication.

Interestingly, an addition table in a book of mathematics reads: 1 + 0 = 0.

In mathematics, a polynomial is an expression of finite length constructed from variables ( also called indeterminates ) and constants, using only the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and non-negative integer exponents.

In addition to giving humankind fire, Prometheus claims to have taught them the arts of civilization, such as writing, mathematics, agriculture, medicine, and science.

In addition to mathematics, Germain studied philosophy and psychology.

In addition, from at least the time of Hilbert's program at the turn of the twentieth century to the proof of Gödel's incompleteness theorems and the development of the Church-Turing thesis in the early part of that century, true statements in mathematics were generally assumed to be those statements which are provable in a formal axiomatic system.

In addition to problems in science and mathematics, the method has been applied to: finance, social science, environmental risk assessment, linguistics, radiation therapy, sports, and many other fields.

In addition to his path-breaking theoretical work, Picard also made important contributions to applied mathematics, including the theories of telegraphy and elasticity.

In the branch of mathematics known as abstract algebra, a ring is an algebraic concept abstracting and generalizing the algebraic structure of the integers, specifically the two operations of addition and multiplication.

In mathematics, a topological ring is a ring R which is also a topological space such that both the addition and the multiplication are continuous as maps

* Method of complements, a method to compute addition and subtraction in mathematics

In mathematics, it is often useful to view or even define subtraction as a kind of addition, the addition of the additive inverse.

Although widely blamed for causing national disunity and losing the country later to the Chinese Ming Dynasty, Hồ Quý Ly's reign actually introduced a lot of progressive, ambitious reforms, including the addition of mathematics to the national examinations, the open critique of Confucian philosophy, the use of paper currency in place of coins, investment in building large warships and cannon, and land reform.

In mathematics, matrix addition is the operation of adding two matrices by adding the corresponding entries together.