The Gouy phase indicates that as a Gaussian beam passes through a focus, it acquires an additional phase shift of π, in addition to the usual phase shift that would be expected from a plane wave.

The Gaussian integers, with ordinary addition and multiplication of complex numbers, form an integral domain, usually written as Z.

Additive white Gaussian noise ( AWGN ) is a channel model in which the only impairment to communication is a linear addition of wideband or white noise with a constant spectral density ( expressed as watts per hertz of bandwidth ) and a Gaussian distribution of amplitude.

In addition to being circularly symmetric, the Gaussian blur can be applied to a two-dimensional image as two independent one-dimensional calculations, and so is termed separable.

The atomic core-atomic core terms in the MNDO equations were modified through the addition of off-center attractive and repulsive Gaussian functions.

Finally, the modern CG allowed not only more precise and realistic " keying ", but also the addition of multiple picture elements from the CG to further the illusion of a 3-dimensional graphic physically overlying a video image.

Roughly 26 % are followers of traditional forms of Protestantism ( Congregationals, Methodists, Baptista, Lutherans, Reformed ), but over the last decades there has in addition been a growth of Pentecostal communities and African Initiated Churches.

Since then commercial interest in mouthwashes has been intense and several newer products claim effectiveness in reducing the build-up in dental plaque and the associated severity of gingivitis ( inflammation of the gums ), in addition to fighting bad breath.

The high price was likely due to the rare documents and packaging offered in the sale in addition to the computer, including the original packaging ( with the return label showing Steve Jobs ' parents ' address, the original Apple Computer Inc ' headquarters ' being their garage ), a personally typed and signed letter from Jobs ( answering technical questions about the computer ), and the original invoice showing ' Steven ' as the salesman.

* Adder ( electronics ), an electronic circuit designed to do addition

The dense forests of West Africa contain, in addition to a great variety of hardwoods, two palms, Elaeis guincensis ( oil palm ) and Raphia vinifera ( bamboo palm ), not found, generally speaking, in the savanna regions.

In addition, the individual Ph. D. programs in Psychology ( 36th of 240 ), Earth Science ( 17th of 108 ), and Criminology ( 12th ) also earned high rankings.

In addition to Triumphant Democracy ( 1886 ), and The Gospel of Wealth ( 1889 ), he also wrote An American Four-in-hand in Britain ( 1883 ), Round the World ( 1884 ), The Empire of Business ( 1902 ), The Secret of Business is the Management of Men ( 1903 ), James Watt ( 1905 ) in the Famous Scots Series, Problems of Today ( 1907 ), and his posthumously published autobiography Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie ( 1920 ).

In addition to over, Porter and Duff defined the compositing operators in, held out by ( usually abbreviated out ), atop, and xor ( and the reverse operators rover, rin, rout, and ratop ) from a consideration of choices in blending the colors of two pixels when their coverage is, conceptually, overlaid orthogonally:

In addition to going to the coronation, he made excursions to Cologne ( where he admired the painting of Stefan Lochner ), Nijmegen ,'s-Hertogenbosch, Bruges ( where he saw Michelangelo's Madonna of Bruges ), Ghent ( where he admired van Eyck's altarpiece ), and Zeeland.

In electrophilic halogenation the addition of elemental bromine or chlorine to alkenes yields vicinal dibromo-and dichloroalkanes ( 1, 2-dihalides or ethylene dihalides ), respectively.

They have multiple off-label uses as an augmentation agent ( i. e. in addition to another medication ), for example in " treatment-resistant " depression or OCD.

In addition, Astrazeneca faces numerous personal-injury lawsuits from former users of Seroquel ( quetiapine ), amidst federal investigations of its marketing practices.

Southeast Alaska has a land area of ( sq ), comprising six entire boroughs and three census areas, in addition to the portion of the Yakutat Borough lying east of 141 ° West longitude.

In addition to the original Broadway and London cast recordings, and the motion picture soundtrack ( no longer available ), there are recordings of the 1990 studio cast, the 1995 Royal National Theatre revival ( starring Judi Dench ), and the 2001 Barcelona cast recording sung in Catalan.

In addition, the Albers EDGE program ( Education for Global Executives ) was honored in 2008 as the only academic institution to receive the President's " E " Award, which recognizes persons, firms, or organizations that contribute significantly in the effort to increase United States exports.

It is a version of Nokia's 6600 smartphone for the North American market, featuring all the features of the 6600 such as the VGA camera, MultiMediaCard slot, Bluetooth and color screen, but with a change to the North American GSM frequencies, the doubling of internal RAM, the addition of Nokia's new Pop-Port connector, the inclusion of stereo sound, and a new EDGE capability, effectively giving it double the download speeds of current General Packet Radio Service ( GPRS ) equipped phones.

The 3110 Classic sports a candybar form factor similar to that of the 3110, but adds modern features such as Bluetooth, camera functionality, audio and video playback and recording, and packet data over EDGE, in addition to tri-band functionality.

In addition, it enables EDGE, a service previously not available via Tele2.

In addition, the SBA uses such criteria as number of employees and dollar volume of the business.

The latter flame, in addition, offers a more reducing environment, being ideally suited for analytes with high affinity to oxygen. A laboratory flame photometer that uses a propane operated flame atomizer

One interesting aspect of the Ackermann function is that the only arithmetic operations it ever uses are addition and subtraction of 1.

For example, the CIA World Factbook uses the word in its " Country name " field to refer to " a wide variety of dependencies, areas of special sovereignty, uninhabited islands, and other entities in addition to the traditional countries or independent states ".< sup id = Note_1 >

To execute an instruction in a computer program, the CPU uses the opcode for that instruction as well as its arguments ( for instance the two numbers to be added, in the case of an addition operation ).

In addition, there are several historical uses of the term that provide some background as to its meaning.

In addition, due to the development of body armor, support personnel required a compact weapon with more penetration than the traditional submachine gun, leading to the development of the personal defense weapon, or PDW, which uses rounds that have better ballistics than simple pistol rounds but less power and range than full rifle rounds.

Experiments and computational models in Multimodal integration have shown that sensory input from different senses is integrated in a statistically optimal way, in addition, it appears that the kind of inferences used to infer single sources for multiple sensory inputs uses a Bayesian inference about the causal origin of the sensory stimuli.

In addition, Devanagari uses the moon-dot chandrabindu ( ँ ).

:* Swedish uses characters identical to a-umlaut ( ä ) and o-umlaut ( ö ) in the place of ash and o-slash in addition to the a-circle ( å ).

In addition, Turkmen uses A with diaeresis ( Ä ) to represent, N with caron ( Ň ) to represent the velar nasal, Y with acute ( Ý ) to represent the palatal approximant, and Z with caron ( Ž ) to represent.

In addition, radiation from various parts of the spectrum has found many other uses for communications and manufacturing ( see electromagnetic radiation for more applications ).

Notable exceptions include IBM mainframes, which support IBM's own format ( in addition to the IEEE 754 binary and decimal formats ), and Cray vector machines, where the T90 series had an IEEE version, but the SV1 still uses Cray floating-point format.

Flamenco uses the modern Phrygian mode ( modo frigio ), or a harmonic version of that scale with a major 3rd degree, in addition to the major and minor scales commonly used in modern western music.

Faroese uses ⟨ g ⟩ to represent, in addition to, and also uses it to indicate a glide.

Therefore, in addition to its strictly communicative uses, language also has many social and cultural uses, such as signifying group identity, social stratification, as well as for social grooming and entertainment.

In Haskell syntax, "" prepends an element to a list, returns a list without its first element, and uses a specified function ( in this case addition ) to combine corresponding elements of two lists to produce a third.

* A brownfield deployment is an upgrade or addition to an existing IT network and uses some legacy components.

Poetry ( from the Greek poiesis — — with a broad meaning of a " making ", seen also in such terms as " hemopoiesis "; more narrowly, the making of poetry ) is a form of literary art which uses the aesthetic qualities of language to evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, the prosaic ostensible meaning.

In addition palaeontology often uses techniques derived from other sciences, including biology, ecology, chemistry, physics and mathematics.

In addition, Okells on the Isle Of Man utilise peated malt made from selected barley that uses burning peat during the malting process.