Although no complete scientific theory of the generation of noise by aerodynamic flows has been established, most practical aeroacoustic analysis relies upon the so-called Acoustic Analogy, whereby the governing equations of motion of the fluid are coerced into a form reminiscent of the wave equation of " classical " ( i. e. linear ) acoustics.

Examples include the structure of a turbulent boundary layer / shock wave interaction, the vorticity of a cylinder wake, and for rod-airfoil aeroacoustic experiments.

Computational Aeroacoustics ( CAA ) is the application of numerical methods and computers to find approximate solutions of the governing equations for specific ( and likely complicated ) aeroacoustic problems.

In their classical text on fluid mechanics, Landau and Lifshitz derive an aeroacoustic equation analogous to Lighthill's ( i. e., an equation for sound generated by " turbulent " fluid motion ) but for the incompressible flow of an inviscid fluid.

The most common approach of accomplishing this is through Lighthill's aeroacoustic analogy.

In aeroacoustics, noise is generally flow-induced and the sound power is roughly proportional to the fourth, sixth, or eighth power of flowfield speed, corresponding to the monopole, dipole and quadrupole types of aeroacoustic noises.

For the figure of Vincent Berger Malraux has obviously drawn on his studies of T. E. Lawrence ( though Berger fights on the side of the Turks instead of against them ), and like both Lawrence and Malraux himself he is a fervent admirer of Nietzsche.

Other scientific agencies, both Federal and civilian, supported studies in quantitative electron microscopical approach to microchemistry and microcytochemistry ; ;

Harris dates studies of both to Classical Greece and Classical Rome, specifically, to Herodotus, often called the " father of history " and the Roman historian, Tacitus, who wrote many of our only surviving contemporary accounts of several ancient Celtic and Germanic peoples.

Although Tylor undertook a field trip to Mexico, both he and Frazer derived most of the material for their comparative studies through extensive reading, not fieldwork, mainly the Classics ( literature and history of Greece and Rome ), the work of the early European folklorists, and reports from missionaries, travelers, and contemporaneous ethnologists.

Recent studies on macaque monkeys have found that administration of haloperidol or olanzapine for about two years led to a significant overall shrinkage in brain tissue, in both gray and white matter across several brain areas, with lower glial cell counts, due to a decrease in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, and increased neuronal density.

Since 2002, molecular phylogenetic studies have recognized a close relationship between Hydrochoerus and Kerodon supporting placement of both genera in a subfamily of Caviidae.

With the expansion of the mass media and mass / popular culture in the 1960s and 1970s and the blending of social and cultural criticism and literary criticism, the methods of both kinds of critical theory sometimes intertwined in the analysis of phenomena of popular culture, as in the emerging field of cultural studies, in which concepts deriving from Marxian theory, post-structuralism, semiology, psychoanalysis and feminist theory would be found in the same interpretive work.

On the other hand, " Her grades are so good that she's either very bright or studies hard " allows for the possibility that the person is both bright and works hard.

The MEDLINE database records two independent scientific studies on Dianetics, both conducted in the 1950s under the auspices of New York University.

Proficient speakers of any of the three languages can understand the others, though studies have shown that speakers of Norwegian generally understand both Danish and Swedish far better than Swedes or Danes understand each other.

The ability to retain and recall episodic memories is highly dependent on the hippocampus, whereas the formation of new declarative memories relies on both the hippocampus and parahippocampus Other studies have found that the parahippocampal cortices were related to superior Recognition Memory.

Placebo-controlled studies have found that AZT as a single agent produces modest and short-lived improvements in survival and delays the development of opportunistic infections ; it certainly did not cause AIDS, which develops in both treated and untreated study patients.

When paper became generally available, from the 14th century onwards, artists ' drawings, both preparatory studies and finished works, became increasingly common.

It studies the complex interaction between market players both through buying and selling.

This method studies both changes in markets and their interactions leading towards equilibrium.

As with other branches of statistics, experimental design is pursued using both frequentist and Bayesian approaches: In evaluating statistical procedures like experimental designs, frequentist statistics studies the sampling distribution while Bayesian statistics updates a probability distribution on the parameter space.

Other studies indicate that these subcuticular bacteria may be both abundant within their hosts and widely distributed among the Echinoderms in general.

FMRI studies have proven that melodic intonation therapy uses both sides of the brain to recover lost function, as opposed to traditional therapies that utilize only the left hemisphere.

The studies of ontogeny, phylogeny and especially evolutionary developmental biology of both vertebrates and invertebrates offer considerable insight into the evolution of all life, including how humans evolved.

These studies suggest that the disease is both heterogeneous and degenerative.

Indeed, a number of studies dispute the reality of this statistical distinction or its increasing occurrence, or both, either arguing the reliable record is too short to detect such a distinction, finding no distinction or trend using other statistical approaches, or that other types should be distinguished, such as standard and extreme El Niños.

Many male feminists and pro-feminists are active in both women's rights activism, feminist theory, and masculinity studies.

In hydrology, studies of water quality concern organic and inorganic compounds, and both dissolved and sediment material.

Because Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded ( FFPE ) tissues may be stored indefinitely at room temperature, and nucleic acids ( both DNA and RNA ) may be recovered from them decades after fixation, FFPE tissues are an important resource for historical studies in medicine.

In these studies heterosexuality in females is linked to a lower amount of masculinization than is found in lesbian females, though when dealing with male heterosexuality there are results supporting both higher and lower degrees of masculinization than homosexual males.

Such an instrument would be useful for the characterization of many commercial materials as well as theoretical studies.

In continuation of these theoretical studies, a more precise elucidation of the effects of imperfections in network structure is sought.

This type of sociology seeks contributions that aid grassroots and theoretical understandings of what motivates altruism and how it is organized, and promotes an altruistic focus in order to benefit the world and people it studies.

This work stimulated new theoretical and experimental studies.

His early work in scrutinizing the use of local, exchange and trunk telephone line usage in a small community, to understand the theoretical requirements of an efficient network led to the creation of the Erlang formula, which became a foundational element of present day telecommunication network studies.

Modern theoretical studies involve the use of numerical computation of electronic structure and mathematical tools to understand phenomena such as high-temperature superconductivity, topological phases and gauge symmetries.

For the theoretical studies only, Ettore Majorana also took part in what was soon nicknamed " the Via Panisperna boys " ( after the name of the street where the Physics Institute was ).

Qualitative methods are used in educational studies whose purpose is to describe events, processes and situations of theoretical significance.

The history of fractals traces a path from chiefly theoretical studies to modern applications in computer graphics, with several notable people contributing canonical fractal forms along the way.

At the same time he pursued studies in theoretical medicine and philosophy.

During these four years in Switzerland, he worked on theoretical architectural studies using modern techniques.

His theoretical studies soon advanced into several different single-family house models.

In the early 1960s he began his studies in Uppsala University, initially in mathematics, and thereafter theoretical physics, aesthetics, history of ideas and astronomy.

Since the theoretical development has been slow, the phenomenology of quantum gravity which studies the possibility of experimental tests, has obtained increased attention.

After the use of classical theories since the end of the scientific revolution, various fields substituted mathematics studies for experimental studies and examining equations to build a theoretical structure.

Currently there is a gap in the literature available on supply chain management studies: there is no theoretical support for explaining the existence and the boundaries of supply chain management.

G. William Domhoff claims that " The idea of the American state having any significant degree of autonomy from the owners and managers of banks, corporations, and agribusinesses is a theoretical mistake based in empirical inaccuracies ," and cites empirical studies showing a high degree of overlap between upper-level corporate management and high-level positions in government.

To the extent that medieval natural philosophers used mathematical problems, they limited social studies to theoretical analyses of local speed and other aspects of life.

In theoretical studies, it is often convenient to consider the simplest kind of thermodynamic system.

It very much eases and simplifies theoretical thermodynamical studies to imagine transfers of energy and matter between two simple systems that proceed so slowly that at all times each simple system considered separately is near enough to thermodynamic equilibrium.

Lipscomb's calculations continued to a detailed examination of partial bonding through "... theoretical studies of multicentered chemical bonds including both delocalized and localized molecular orbitals.

carbonic anhydrase ( theoretical studies ).

Grace's studies had reached a crucial point with a theoretical backlog to catch up followed by his final practical session.

The initial studies revealed the typical radii of atoms, and confirmed many theoretical models of chemical bonding, such as the tetrahedral bonding of carbon in the diamond structure, the octahedral bonding of metals observed in ammonium hexachloroplatinate ( IV ), and the resonance observed in the planar carbonate group and in aromatic molecules.