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analog and systems
The term analog signal usually refers to electrical signals ; however, mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, and other systems may also convey analog signals.
Therefore as analog signal processing systems become more complex, they may ultimately degrade signal resolution to such an extent that their performance is surpassed by digital systems.
Most of the analog systems also suffer from generation loss.
Although such a conversion can be prone to loss, most modern audio systems use this approach as the techniques of digital signal processing are much more powerful and efficient than analog domain signal processing.
All broadcast television systems preceding digital transmission of digital television ( DTV ) were systems utilizing analog signals.
Broadcasters using analog television systems encode their signal using NTSC, PAL or SECAM analog encoding and then use RF modulation to modulate this signal onto a Very high frequency ( VHF ) or Ultra high frequency ( UHF ) carrier.
* The Enns Power Network Computer – an analog computer for the analysis of electric power systems ( advertisement from 1955 )
In 2006, ADT asked the FCC to extend the AMPS deadline due to many of their alarm systems still using analog technology to communicate with the control centers.
People who use modern general purpose computers ( as opposed to embedded systems, analog computers and supercomputers ) usually see three layers of software performing a variety of tasks: platform, application, and user software.
Examples of such physical systems include digital computers, mechanical computers, quantum computers, DNA computers, molecular computers, analog computers or wetware computers.
Typically, the chrominance bandwidth is reduced in analog composite video by reducing the bandwidth of a modulated color subcarrier, and in digital systems by chroma subsampling.
Computer music systems and approaches are now ubiquitous, and so firmly embedded in the process of creating music that we hardly give them a second thought: computer-based synthesizers, digital mixers, and effects units have become so commonplace that use of digital rather than analog technology to create and record music is the norm, rather than the exception.
Today many of the control systems are computer controlled and they consist of both digital and analog components.
The first of these two methods is more commonly encountered in practice because many industrial systems have many continuous systems components, including mechanical, fluid, biological and analog electrical components, with a few digital controllers.
Due to widespread cable theft in earlier analog systems, in modern digital cable systems the signals are encrypted, and the set-top box must be activated by an activation code sent by the cable company before it will function, which is only sent after the subscriber signs up.
One problem with some cable systems is the older amplifiers placed along the cable routes are unidirectional thus in order to allow for uploading of data the customer would need to use an analog telephone modem to provide for the upstream connection.
Yamaha's engineers began adapting Chowning's algorithm for use in a commercial digital synthesizer, adding improvements such as the " key scaling " method to avoid the introduction of distortion that normally occurred in analog systems during frequency modulation, though it would take several years before Yamaha release their FM digital synthesizers.
By contrast, non-digital ( or analog ) systems represent information using a continuous function.

analog and is
Since the widespread adoption of digital setting circles, any classical engraved setting circle is now specifically identified as an " analog setting circle " ( ASC ).
An analog or analogue signal is any continuous signal for which the time varying feature ( variable ) of the signal is a representation of some other time varying quantity, i. e., analogous to another time varying signal.
Any information may be conveyed by an analog signal ; often such a signal is a measured response to changes in physical phenomena, such as sound, light, temperature, position, or pressure.
The physical variable is converted to an analog signal by a transducer.
The voltage or the current is said to be an " analog " of the sound.
In practice an analog signal is subject to electronic noise and distortion introduced by communication channels and signal processing operations, which can progressively degrade the signal-to-noise ratio.
However a comparable performing digital system is more complex and can require more bandwidth than its analog counterpart.
The main advantage is the fine definition of the analog signal which has the potential for an infinite amount of signal resolution.
Another advantage with analog signals is that their processing may be achieved more simply than with the digital equivalent.
The primary disadvantage of analog signaling is that any system has noise – i. e., random unwanted variation.
Even if the resolution of an analog signal is higher than a comparable digital signal, the difference can be overshadowed by the noise in the signal.
Another method of conveying an analog signal is to use modulation.
It is the two-dimensional analog of the length of a curve ( a one-dimensional concept ) or the volume of a solid ( a three-dimensional concept ).
The analog output is connected to a low-pass filter, which filters out high-frequency aliases when the Amiga is using a lower sampling rate ( see Nyquist limit ).
" Analog " indicates something that is mathematically represented by a set of continuous values ; for example, the analog clock uses constantly-moving hands on a physical clock face, where moving the hands directly alters the information that clock is providing.
Thus, an analog signal is one represented by a continuous stream of data, in this case along an electrical circuit in the form of voltage, current or charge changes ( compare with digital signals below ).
Analog ( or analogue ) television is the analog transmission that involves the broadcasting of encoded analog audio and analog video signal: one in which the information to be transmitted, the brightness and colors of the points in the image and the sound waves of the audio signal are represented by continuous variations of some aspect of the signal ; its amplitude, frequency or phase.
In many countries, over-the-air broadcast television of analog audio and analog video signals is being discontinued, to allow the re-use of the television broadcast radio spectrum for other services such as datacasting and subchannels.

analog and difficult
The phaser effect was originally a simpler implementation of the flanger effect since delays were difficult to implement with analog equipment.
* Compressible: According to Miller, " Uncompressed digital data is very large, and in its raw form would actually produce a larger signal ( therefore be more difficult to transfer ) than analog data.
Sometimes it may be difficult to differentiate between analog and digital circuits as they have elements of both linear and non-linear operation.
Note also that in most spoken languages, the sounds representing successive letters blend into each other in a process termed coarticulation, so the conversion of the analog signal to discrete characters can be a very difficult process.
It is very difficult to protect the remaining finite information content of analog information carriers against noise.
While these techniques are possible in an analog filter, they are again considerably more difficult.
Some analog telephone adapters for Internet telephony require analog phones with low REN, but researching RENs online is difficult because manufacturers and sellers seldom provide that information.
The phaser effect was originally a simpler implementation of the flanger effect since delays were difficult to implement with analog equipment.
What makes it a difficult technique to use is that there is rarely a perfect analog for an event in the future.
Many electronic design elements combine to affect perceived sound quality, making the global " analog mixer vs. digital mixer " question difficult to answer.
Presumably the fixed assembly for portable recorders was more difficult to make and gave lesser sound quality ( especially dynamic range ) when playing analog cassettes ( which was acceptable for use with headphones ), but took up less space and was less sensitive to mechanical problems which were more important for the portable application.
Because it has been extremely difficult to carry out DSP operations ( for example performing EQ, balance, panning and other changes in the digital domain ) in a 1-bit environment, and because of the prevalence of studio equipment such as Pro Tools, which is solely PCM-based, the vast majority of SACDs — especially rock and contemporary music which relies on multitrack techniques — are in fact mixed in PCM ( or mixed analog and recorded on PCM recorders ) and then converted to DSD for SACD mastering.
For this reason, manufacturing wide-range general-purpose analog multipliers is far more difficult than ordinary operational amplifiers, and such devices are typically produced using specialist technologies and laser trimming, as are those used for high-performance amplifiers such as instrumentation amplifiers.
Such an analog calculation is difficult.
The synthesizer was very difficult to set up, requiring extensive patching of analog circuitry prior to running a score.
The Yamaha DX7 earned a reputation of being difficult to program, primarily due to players being accustomed to the traditional synthesizer architecture of analog oscillators, filters, LFO generators, etc.
* It can be quite difficult to adjust the antenna, because of the lack of feedback that would be provided by a gradually degraded analog picture.
For traditional hand-drawn animation, often analog effects easily created on film are difficult to reproduce.
Theobald felt the lack of an analog stick made the controls more difficult than the original game and required a short period of adjustment.
External ballistics for stationary terrestrial targets is enormously complicated — some of the earliest analog computers were used to calculate firing solutions for naval artillery, as the problems were already beyond manual solutions in any reasonable time — and the issues in targeting objects in space make a difficult problem even harder.
An original painting, photographic negative, analog audio or video recording, will contain qualities that can be difficult, or under current technology may be impossible to copy in its full integrity.
* CMOS technology is usually optimal for digital performance and scaling while bipolar transistors are usually optimal for analog performance, yet until the last decade it has been difficult to either combine these cost-effectively or to design both analog and digital in a single technology without serious performance compromises.

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