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ancient and medieval
As Sandburg said at the time: `` It is as ancient as the medieval European ballads brought to the Appalachian Mountains, it is as modern as skyscrapers, the Volstead Act, and the latest oil well gusher ''.
With the loss of the study of ancient Greek in the early medieval Latin West, Aristotle was practically unknown there from c. AD 600 to c. 1100 except through the Latin translation of the Organon made by Boethius.
Throughout ancient and medieval history, most architectural design and construction was carried out by artisans, such as stone masons and carpenters, rising to the role of master builder.
* The Bürgerfest is celebrated on the first weekend of July, when the palace gardens with their ancient walls are transformed into a medieval camp.
* or Areian: the designation of an inhabitant of Aria ( a region in the eastern part of the Persian empire ; today's Herat ), used by the ancient and medieval Greeks ( as Ἄρ ( ε ) ιοι / Ar ( e ) ioi ) and Romans ( as Arii ).
On the Reckoning of Time ( De temporum ratione ) included an introduction to the traditional ancient and medieval view of the cosmos, including an explanation of how the spherical earth influenced the changing length of daylight, of how the seasonal motion of the Sun and Moon influenced the changing appearance of the New Moon at evening twilight, and a quantitative relation between the changes of the Tides at a given place and the daily motion of the moon.
While David Kessler and Peter Temin consider ancient Rome to be the largest city before 19th century London and the first to have exceeded a population of over 1 million, George Modelski considers medieval Baghdad, with an estimated population of 1. 2 million at its peak, to be the largest city before 19th century London and the first with a population of over one million.
* Period collections: Collectors may restrict themselves to coins of the 18th or 19th century, while others collect ancient and medieval coins.
The idea of an artifact made conscious is an ancient theme of mythology, appearing for example in the Greek myth of Pygmalion, who carved a statue that was magically brought to life, and in medieval Jewish stories of the Golem, a magically animated homunculus built of clay.
Other things associated with fire and yellow bile in ancient and medieval medicine included the season of summer, since it increased the qualities of heat and aridity ; the choleric temperament ( of a person dominated by the yellow bile humour ); the masculine ; and the eastern point of the compass.
Other things associated with air and blood in ancient and medieval medicine included the season of spring, since it increased the qualities of heat and moisture ; the sanguine temperament ( of a person dominated by the blood humour ); hermaphrodite ( combining the masculine quality of heat with the feminine quality of moisture ); and the northern point of the compass.
Other things associated with water and phlegm in ancient and medieval medicine included the season of Winter, since it increased the qualities of cold and moisture ; the phlegmatic temperament, the feminine, the brain and the western point of the compass.
Other things associated with earth and black bile in ancient and medieval medicine included the season of fall, since it increased the qualities of cold and aridity ; the melancholic temperament ( of a person dominated by the black bile humour ); the feminine ; and the southern point of the compass.
Besides the gastraphetes, the ancient world knew a variety of mechanical hand-held weapons similar to the later medieval crossbow.
A catapult is a device used to throw or hurl a projectile a great distance without the aid of explosive devices — particularly various types of ancient and medieval siege engines.
After the Roman empire, hierarchical castes continued in Italy from ancient times to the medieval times.
Scarce dyestuffs that produced brilliant and permanent colors such as the natural invertebrate dyes Tyrian purple and crimson kermes were highly prized luxury items in the ancient and medieval world.
The portion of the Greek Arithmetica that survived, however, was, like all ancient Greek texts transmitted to the early modern world, copied by, and thus known to, medieval Byzantine scholars.
It is an encyclopedic lexicon, written in Greek, with 30, 000 entries, many drawing from ancient sources that have since been lost, and often derived from medieval Christian compilers.
Thanks to large number of ancient rock-cut cave temples there have been preserved valuable ancient and early medieval frescoes in more than 20 locations of India.
Other locations with valuable preserved ancient and early medieval frescoes include Bagh Caves, Ellora Caves, Sittanavasal, Armamalai Cave, Badami Cave Temples and other locations.
This changed the course of science in history, from a merely contemplative state, as it was found in ancient and medieval ages, to a practical, inventive state-that would have eventually led to the inventions that made possible the Industrial Revolutions of the following centuries.
Changes in costume often took place at times of economic or social change ( such as in ancient Rome and the medieval Caliphate ), but then a long period without major changes followed.
The chthonic spirit has precedents in numerous ancient and medieval mythologies, often guarding mines and precious underground treasures, notably in the Germanic dwarves and the Greek Chalybes, Telchines or Dactyls.

ancient and Latin
Romansh, spoken by two percent of the population in southeast Switzerland, is an ancient Rheato-Romanic language derived from Latin, remnants of ancient Celtic languages and perhaps Etruscan.
If the Christian faith fell into ruin in his kingdom, if the clergy were too ignorant to understand the Latin words they butchered in their offices and liturgies, if the ancient monasteries and collegiate churches lay deserted out of indifference, he was answerable before God, as Josiah had been.
Byzantium (;, Byzántion ; Latin: ) was an ancient Greek city, founded by Greek colonists from Megara in 657 BC and named after their king Byzas ( Greek: Βύζας, Býzas, genitive Βύζαντος, Býzantos ).
The Boii ( Latin plural, singular Boius ; Greek ) were one of the most prominent ancient Celtic tribes of the later Iron Age, attested at various times in Cisalpine Gaul ( northern Italy ), Pannonia ( Hungary and its western neighbours ), in and around Bohemia, and Transalpine Gaul.
The name Barcelona comes from the ancient Iberian Phoenician Barkeno, attested in an ancient coin inscription in Iberian script as Barkeno in Levantine Iberian script, in Ancient Greek sources as, Barkinṓn ; and in Latin as Barcino, Barcilonum and Barceno.
For purposes of international communication and trade, the official names of the chemical elements both ancient and more recently recognized are decided by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ( IUPAC ), which has decided on a sort of international English language, drawing on traditional English names even when an element's chemical symbol is based on a Latin or other traditional word, for example adopting " gold " rather than " aurum " as the name for the 79th element ( Au ).
While modern systems distinguish between offences against the " State " or " Community ", and offences against the " Individual ", the so-called penal law of ancient communities did not deal with " crimes " ( Latin: crimina ), but with " wrongs " ( Latin: delicta ).
The results of all these efforts were recognized even by Seneca, who has an ancient Latin god defend Claudius in his satire.
The word " census " originated in ancient Rome from the Latin word (" to estimate ").
Digamma / wau is in turn the ancestor of the Latin letter F. As an alphabetic letter it is attested in archaic and dialectal ancient Greek inscriptions until the classical period.
The ancient Latin writers Varro and Cicero considered the etymology of Dīāna as allied to that of dies and connected to the shine of the Moon.
Diana was an ancient goddess common to all Latin tribes.
Eritrea is an ancient name, associated in the past with its Greek form Erythraia, Ἐρυθραία, and its derived Latin form Erythræa.
The phonology is known through the alternation of Greek and Etruscan letters in some inscriptions ( for example, the Iguvine Tables ), and many individual words are known through loans into or from Greek and Latin, as well as explanations of Etruscan words by ancient authors.
Instead it taught ancient languages ( Greek and Latin ) and their cultures.
The eruption of Vesuvius preserved graffiti in Pompeii, including Latin curses, magic spells, declarations of love, alphabets, political slogans and famous literary quotes, providing insight into ancient Roman street life.
The Renaissance saw the continuation of interest in magic that had been found in the Mediaeval period, and in this period, there was an increased interest in Hermeticism amongst occultists and ceremonial magicians in Europe, largely fuelled by the 1471 translation of the ancient Corpus hermeticum into Latin by Marsilio Ficino ( 1433 – 1499 ).
Because Galen's works were not translated into Latin in the ancient period, and because of the collapse of the Roman Empire in the West, the study of Galen, along with the Greek medical tradition as a whole, went into decline in Western Europe during the Early Middle Ages, when very few Latin scholars could read Greek.
In ancient Rome, the genius ( plural in Latin genii ) was the guiding spirit or tutelary deity of a person, family ( gens ), or place ( genius loci ).

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