For example, it is not rare to find studies with character matrices based on whole mitochondrial genomes (~ 16, 000 nucleotides, in many animals ).

This hypothesis was supported by a recent analysis of the Trichoplax adhaerens mitochondrial genome in comparison to those of other animals, The hypothesis was, however, rejected in a statistical analysis of the Trichoplax adhaerens whole genome sequence in comparison to the whole genome sequences of six other animals and two related non-animal species, but only at the p = 0. 07 level, which indicates a marginal level of statistical significance.

However, recent DNA analysis from mitochondrial DNA of the remains from those reindeer suggest that the animals from the Queen Charlotte Islands were not genetically distinct from the Canadian mainland reindeer subspecies.

Using nuclear and mitochondrial DNA-sequence data to explore the phylogenic history of the green iguana, scientists from Utah Valley State College studied animals collected from 17 different countries.

Gastropods exhibit an important degree of variation in mitochondrial gene organization when compared to other animals.

Both tigers had an Indian tiger mitochondrial haplotype indicating that these animals had an Indian tiger mother.

The mutation rate is among the fastest of anywhere in either the nuclear or mitochondrial genomes in animals.

" Unique mitochondrial genome architecture in unicellular relatives of animals ".

For example, mitochondrial DNA in animals has a high substitution rate, which makes it useful for identifying differences between individuals.

Fruit flies are often preferred over other animals due to their short life cycle, low maintenance requirements, and relatively simple genome compared to many vertebrates.

In eukaryotes such as plants, protozoa and animals, however, " genome " carries the typical connotation of only information on chromosomal DNA.

Analysis of the starlet sea anemone genome has emphasised the importance of sponges, placozoans, and choanoflagellates, also being sequenced, in explaining the arrival of 1500 ancestral genes unique to animals.

Sequences of DNA that can move about the genome, such as transposons, make up a major fraction of the genetic material of plants and animals, and may have been important in the evolution of genomes.

The double-stranded ( ds ) RNA viruses represent a diverse group of viruses that vary widely in host range ( humans, animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria ), genome segment number ( one to twelve ), and virion organization ( T-number, capsid layers, or turrets ).

Altruistic behavior, behavior that increases the reproductive fitness of others at the apparent expense of the altruist, in some animals has been correlated to the degree of genome shared between altruistic individuals.

Michael Bishop and Harold Varmus showed that the oncogene of Rous sarcoma virus is in fact not specific to the virus but is contained in the genome of healthy animals of many species.

As noted above, this hypothesis was supported in a statistical analysis of the Trichoplax adhaerens whole genome sequence in comparison to the whole genome sequences of six other animals and two related non-animal species.

All versions of this hypothesis were rejected with high confidence in a statistical analysis of the Trichoplax adhaerens whole genome sequence in comparison to the whole genome sequences of six other animals and two related non-animal species.

The Genome Sequencing Center has decoded the genome of many animals, plants, and cellular organisms, including the platypus, chimpanzee, cat, and corn.

The ability of humans to change the genetics of animals took a large step forwards in 1974 when Rudolf Jaenisch was able to produce the first transgenic mammal, by integrating DNA from the SV40 virus into the genome of mice.

Large centers also exist to distribute strains of genetically-modified animals ; the International Knockout Mouse Consortium, for example, aims to provide knockout mice for every gene in the mouse genome.

With a genome of approximately 1700 nucleotides, HDV is the smallest " virus " known to infect animals.

Henipavirus is characterised by a large genome, a wide host range, and their recent emergence as zoonotic pathogens capable of causing illness and death in domestic animals and humans.

Multigenomic organisms are plants or animals that have symbiotic relationships with other organisms that are necessary for the survival of both, but that differ in their genome such that they are considered separate species.

Built for the Illumina sequencers ' short reads, SOAPdenovo has been used to assemble multiple human genomes ( identifying an eight kilobase insertion not detected by mapping to the human reference genome ) and animals, like the giant panda.

He thought of the jungles below him, and of the wild, strange, untracked beauty there and he promised himself that someday he would return, on foot perhaps, to hunt in this last corner of the world where man is sometimes himself the hunted, and animals the lords.

The total adverse impact of disease, insects, fire, weather, destructive animals, and other forces on the uses and values of forest resources is not generally recognized.

Although Miller noted in 1907 that a difference in the pleural blood supply existed between animals, nowhere in his published works is it found that he did a comparative study of the intrapulmonary features of various mammalian lungs other than in the dog and cat ( Miller, '13 ; ;

The finding that the concentration of one of these proteases is increased in thyroid glands from TSH-treated animals suggests that this protease may be active in vivo.

There it seems that the goitrogen ingested by dairy animals is itself inactive but is converted in the animal to an active goitrogen, which is then secreted in the milk.

But even in relatively primitive laboratory animals such as the rat, sex activity closely identified with the hypothalamus and the visceral brain is enhanced by the neocortex.

About 90 percent of the corn used in the United States is fed to animals.

It is said that fear in human beings produces an odor that provokes animals to attack.

Apollo's sister Artemis, who was the Greek goddess of hunting, is identified with Britomartis ( Diktynna ), the Minoan " Mistress of the animals ".

In her earliest depictions she is accompanied by the " Mister of the animals ", a male god of hunting who had the bow as his attribute.

The superclass Tetrapoda is divided into four classes of vertebrate animals with four limbs.

The order Caudata ( from the Latin cauda meaning " tail ") consists of the salamanders, elongated, low-slung animals that mostly resemble lizards in form, though this is a symplesiomorphic trait and the two groups are no more closely related than salamanders are to mammals.

), the warning colouration is on the belly and these animals adopt a defensive pose when attacked, exhibiting their bright colours to the predator.

Agriculture also called farming or husbandry is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi, and other life forms for food, fiber, biofuel and other products used to sustain life.

In contrast, their wide geographic dispersion in the fossil record is uncharacteristic of benthic animals, suggesting a pelagic existence.

Eastern Anatolia, along side Mesopotamia and the Levant, is also a heart region for the Neolithic revolution, one of the earliest areas in which humans domesticated plants and animals.

Milne is most famous for his two Pooh books about a boy named Christopher Robin after his son, Christopher Robin Milne, and various characters inspired by his son's stuffed animals, most notably the bear named Winnie-the-Pooh.

Surely, they all have one breath ; man has no advantage over animals, for all is vanity.

The diversity of animals in the Andes is high, with almost 600 species of mammals ( 13 % endemic ), more than 1, 700 species of birds ( about 1 / 3 endemic ), more than 600 species of reptile ( about 45 % endemic ), and almost 400 species of fish ( about 1 / 3 endemic ).

Animism encompasses the beliefs that there is no separation between the spiritual and physical ( or material ) world, and souls or spirits exist, not only in humans, but also in all other animals, plants, rocks, geographic features such as mountains or rivers, or other entities of the natural environment.

In many animistic world views found in hunter-gatherer cultures, the human being is often regarded as on a roughly equal footing with other animals, plants, and natural forces.

It is not surprising to find that many peoples respect and even worship animals ( see totem or animal worship ), often regarding them as relatives.

It is clear that widespread respect was paid to animals as the abode of dead ancestors, and much of the cults to dangerous animals is traceable to this principle ; though there is no need to attribute an animistic origin to it.