His two major works, Enquiry into Plants and On the Causes of Plants constitute the most important contribution to botanical science during antiquity and the Middle Ages, and held that position for some seventeen centuries after they were written.

Artifacts such as bowls, rock carvings and sacred statues with breasts have been recorded from 15, 000 BC up to late antiquity all across Europe, North Africa and the Middle East.

Although technically even modern paperbacks are codices, the term is now used only for manuscript ( hand-written ) books which were produced from Late antiquity until the Middle Ages.

In antiquity, dragons were mostly envisaged as serpents, but since the Middle Ages, it has become common to depict them with legs, resembling a lizard.

The term dagger appears only in the Late Middle Ages, reflecting the fact that while the dagger had been known in antiquity, it had disappeared during the Early Middle Ages, replaced by the hewing knife or seax.

While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity ( for example, by Thales, Aristotle, and others ), and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages ( for example, by Ibn al-Haytham, Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī and Roger Bacon ), the dawn of modern science is generally traced back to the early modern period, during what is known as the Scientific Revolution that took place in 16th and 17th century Europe.

Pampinea tells this story of revenge over spurned love, which has many common analogues in many languages in antiquity, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, and early modern periods.

In classical antiquity, the Migration Period and the Middle Ages, they were normally constructed of poplar, lime or another split-resistant timber — covered in some instances with leather and / or reinforced with a metal boss, rim or banding — and carried by foot soldiers, knights and cavalry.

Eastern Christianity comprises the Christian traditions and churches that developed in the Balkans, Eastern Europe, Asia Minor, the Middle East, Horn of Africa, India and parts of the Far East over several centuries of religious antiquity.

Etching by goldsmiths and other metal-workers in order to decorate metal items such as guns, armour, cups and plates has been known in Europe since the Middle Ages at least, and may go back to antiquity.

* Bernard S. Bachrach, A History of the Alans in the West, from their first appearance in the sources of classical antiquity through the early Middle Ages, University of Minnesota Press, 1973 ISBN 0-8166-0678-1

The large, open cities of classical antiquity slowly gave way to the smaller, walled cities that were common in the Middle Ages.

The Crisis of the Third Century thus marked the beginning of a long evolutionary process that would transform the ancient world of Classical antiquity into the medieval one of the Early Middle Ages.

They were mostly marginalized and assimilated as a consequence of the late antiquity and early Middle Ages Slavic and Turkic expansion.

Both symbols have their roots in the classical antiquity, and both signs were used up through the Middle Ages as a representation for the Latin word " et " (" and ").

It was used in classical antiquity, through the Islamic Golden Age, the European Middle Ages and Renaissance for all these purposes.

In antiquity, Cilicia (;, Armenian: Կիլիկիա, Greek: Κιλικία, Middle Persian: klkyʾy, Parthian: kylkyʾ ) was the south coastal region of Asia Minor, south of the central Anatolian plateau.

Which is considered to be one of the books to have the greatest impact on historiography during the period on the cusp of antiquity and the Middle Ages, as well as being one of the most important Hispanic books of all time.

The eastern Black Sea region in antiquity was home to the well-developed bronze culture known as the Colchian culture, related to the neighboring Koban culture, that emerged towards the Middle Bronze Age.

But the poem's immense popularity in antiquity and the Middle Ages belies the struggle for survival it faced in late antiquity.

The most important of his books are two large botanical treatises, Enquiry into Plants, and On the Causes of Plants, which constitute the most important contribution to botanical science during antiquity and the Middle Ages, the first systemization of the botanical world ; on the strength of these works some call him the " father of botany.

Even ancient groups like the Goths ( who existed from late antiquity until the Middle Ages ) underwent profound transformation.

The period known as classical antiquity began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece out of the Greek Dark Ages.

Most of the soil covering this substrate was scraped by glaciers during the Ice Ages of antiquity, especially in northern Scandinavia, where the Baltic Shield is closest to the surface of the land.

Swaging is of great antiquity, possibly dating to the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC in Egypt and in the Bronze and Iron Ages in Europe for torcs and fibulae.

The most famous mysteries of Greco-Roman antiquity were the Eleusinian Mysteries, which were of considerable antiquity and predated the Greek Dark Ages.

The Eleusinian Mysteries are believed to be of considerable antiquity, deriving from religious practice of the Mycenaean period and thus predating the Greek Dark Ages.

According to some scholarship, " As early as 1525 and again as late as 1533 ( two years before his death ) Agrippa clearly and unequivocally rejected magic in its totality, from its sources in imagined antiquity to contemporary practice.

Returned to Mantua in 1490, he embraced again his more literary and bitter vision of antiquity, and entered in strong connection with the new marquise, the cultured and intelligent Isabella d ' Este.

The Lodge at Melrose, claiming an antiquity at least as great as Kilwinning, simply ignored the Grand Lodge of Scotland, again chartering daughter lodges, with the Master being addressed as " Grand Master ".

Persian cataphract archery also seems to have been again revived in late antiquity, perhaps as a response ( or even a stimulus ) to an emerging trend of the late Roman army towards mobility and versatility in their means of warfare.

This Greco-Roman cultural foundation has been immensely influential on the language, politics, educational systems, philosophy, science, art, and architecture of the modern world: From the surviving fragments of classical antiquity, a revival movement was gradually formed from the 14th century onwards which came to be known later in Europe as the Renaissance, and again resurgent during various neo-classical revivals in the 18th and 19th centuries.

The first wall had been partially pulled down in antiquity, and the tomb was closed again by a second wall made of loose limestone fragments, erected in front of the remains of the first wall.

Excavations carried out by Archaeological Survey of India ( ASI ) at Purana Quila in 1554-55 and again 1969 to 1973 by its Director, B B Lal have unearthed Painted Grey Ware dating 1000 B. C., confirming the antiquity of the fort.

The discourse continued however: in her extensive reanalysis of stylistic features, Albenda once again called the relief " a pastiche of artistic features " and " continue to be unconvinced of its antiquity ".

The site of Naxos itself seems to have been never again inhabited in antiquity ; but the altar and shrine of Apollo Archegetes continued to mark the spot where it had stood, and are mentioned in the war between Octavian and Sextus Pompey in Sicily, 36 BC.

In Italian, possibly following a tradition of antiquity, the Arcipelago ( from medieval Greek * ἀρχιπέλαγος ) was the proper name for the Aegean Sea and, later, usage shifted to refer to the Aegean Islands ( since the sea is remarkable for its large number of islands ).

The Persian Empire proper begins in the Iron Age, following the influx of Iranian peoples which gave rise to the Median, Achaemenid, the Parthians, the Sassanid dynasties during classical antiquity.

Its eventual downfall is believed to be due to the loss of its economic significance in late antiquity, following the rise of coastal Alexandria.

The earliest period of classical antiquity takes place before the background of gradual re-appearance of historical sources following the Bronze Age collapse.

Though the Byzantine Empire was Roman in origin and was called " Eastern Roman Empire " by its inhabitants in antiquity, it became Hellenistic with time to the point where Greek replaced Latin as the official language in AD 610, owing to its location ( in the Greek-speaking realm and sphere of influence ) and the fact that, following the fall of the Western Roman Empire, it became the only European remnant of the Roman Empire.

Both Robigus and robigo are also found as Rubig -, which following the etymology-by-association of antiquity was thought to be connected to the color red ( ruber ) as a form of homeopathic or sympathetic magic.

This changed when in the Autumn of 1859, following the work of Pengelly at the Brixham Cavern and of Jacques de Perthes in France, the Royal Society, the Society of Antiquaries, and the British Association agreed that the excavations had established the antiquity of humanity.

In antiquity, " statelessness " could be seen to affect captive and subject populations denied full citizenship ( see Roman Citizen ) including those enslaved — for instance, conquered populations excluded from Roman citizenship such as the Gauls immediately following the Gallic Wars, or Israelites under Babylonian captivity.

Despite this claim of antiquity, Adwa only acquired major importance following the establishment of a permanent capital at Gondar.

The following chronology of legendary and historical figures whose biographies appear in the Lives is organized by date of death, as birth dates in antiquity are more often uncertain.

" As the source of Peter, it is a common name for people from antiquity through the medieval era, and may refer to one of the following:

He convalesced with Lord and Lady Elgin in Athens, where he began an education in classical antiquity, completed following his appointment to the frigate in Florence, when his ship was cruising on the Italian coast.

Dr Don Martino notes that the merchants from north-west Kamboja had been conducting horse-trade with Sri Lanka following the west coast of India since remote antiquity ( Epigraphia Zeylanka, Vol II, No 13, p 76 ).

A similar tone of extreme depreciation of the Masoretic Hebrew text, colored by polemical bias against Protestantism, affects his major work, the posthumous Exercitationes biblicae de hebraeici graecique textus sinceritate ( 1660 ), in which, following in the footsteps of Cappellus, he brought arguments against the then current theory of the absolute integrity of the Hebrew text and the antiquity of the vowel points.

Although demolished and parts being reused in antiquity, following rediscovery, the chapel has been reconstructed using its original materials.

The following is a timeline of the major events during the Middle Ages, a time period in human history mostly centered on Europe, which lies between classical antiquity and the modern era.

Against the east Window is the grave of John Bold, an eighteenth century curate, a man of great sanctity who devoted his ministry to the good of local people. Inside the church, a most remarkable piece of furniture is the ancient parish chest, of great antiquity, constructed by the ‘ dug-out ’ method, possibly in the years following the conquest.