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Page "Axiom of choice" ¶ 46
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class and theories
Consequentialism is the class of normative ethical theories holding that the consequences of one's conduct are the ultimate basis for any judgment about the rightness of that conduct.
Gauss also made important contributions to number theory with his 1801 book Disquisitiones Arithmeticae ( Latin, Arithmetical Investigations ), which, among things, introduced the symbol ≡ for congruence and used it in a clean presentation of modular arithmetic, contained the first two proofs of the law of quadratic reciprocity, developed the theories of binary and ternary quadratic forms, stated the class number problem for them, and showed that a regular heptadecagon ( 17-sided polygon ) can be constructed with straightedge and compass.
In 1964, John Bell showed that the predictions of quantum mechanics in the EPR thought experiment are significantly different from the predictions of a particular class of hidden variable theories ( the local hidden variable theories ).
In contrast, John Bell, in his 1964 paper, showed that quantum mechanics and the class of hidden variable theories Einstein favored would lead to different experimental results: different by a factor of for certain correlations.
They support the predictions of quantum mechanics rather than the class of hidden variable theories supported by Einstein.
Marx's theories about society, economics and politics — collectively known as Marxism — hold that all societies progress through the dialectic of class struggle: a conflict between an ownership class which controls production and a lower class which produces the labour for goods.
He called into question the usefulness of such theories to the wider left movement saying he " never understood how deconstruction was meant to help the working class.
* Moral skepticism is the class of meta-ethical theories all members of which entail that no one has any moral knowledge.
In work on Zermelo Fraenkel set theory, the notion of class is informal, whereas other set theories, such as Von Neumann Bernays Gödel set theory, axiomatize the notion of " class ", e. g., as entities that are not members of another entity.
In other set theories, such as New Foundations or the theory of semisets, the concept of " proper class " still makes sense ( not all classes are sets ) but the criterion of sethood is not closed under subsets.
Later developments of Trotsky's theories, notably Tony Cliff's theory of State Capitalism, did refer to the nomenklatura as a new class.
Generalizations of these theories form the basis for understanding the closely related phenomenon of superfluidity, because they fall into the Lambda transition universality class, but the extent to which similar generalizations can be applied to unconventional superconductors as well is still controversial.
Gramsci's theories of state emphasized that the state is only one of the institutions in society that helps maintain the hegemony of the ruling class, and that state power is bolstered by the ideological domination of the institutions of civil society, such as churches, schools, and mass media.
This class of theories holds that the truth or the falsity of a representation is determined in principle solely by how it relates to " things ", by whether it accurately describes those " things ".
Sometimes theories are incorrect, meaning that an explicit set of observations contradicts some fundamental objection or application of the theory, but more often theories are corrected to conform to new observations, by restricting the class of phenomena the theory applies to or changing the assertions made.
A class of field theories of that type are the so-called Standard Model extensions.
The four-component wave function represents a new class of mathematical object in physical theories that makes its first appearance here.
* Moral realism is the class of theories which hold that there are true moral statements that report objective moral facts.
It is through the theories of class struggle, politics and economics that Marxist literary criticism emerged.

class and such
Adams contended that once such a special class had been created it became a vested interest and sought to maintain itself by assuming exclusive control over the relationships between God and man.
Writers of this class of science fiction have clearly in mind the assumptions that man can master the principles of this cause-and-effect universe and that such mastery will necessarily better the human lot.
More than once I was confronted by professional gamblers, `` bookies '', loan `` sharks '', gangsters, `` thugs '' and `` finger men '' -- people of a class I did not even know existed -- to repay my husband's staggering losses, `` or else '' I shuddered to think that someone so dear to me could even associate with such a sinister milieu.
The writer began this special class by explaining his background thinking for creating such a section in the first place.
The few cases of clear favoritism along social-class lines are as likely as not to involve representatives of the working class on the school board who favor some such practice as higher wages for janitors rather than pay increases for teachers, and such issues are not issues of educational policy.
However, there are relatively few such political constituencies, and, as has been pointed out, there is seldom a clear-cut distinction between the educational interests of one social class and those of another.
This `` grand division '' permits many costs to be assigned in their entirety to some one class, such as street lighting, or at least to be excluded completely from some important class or classes.
Her brain and intelligence controlled every function from navigation to such loading as a scout ship of her class needed.
A common criticism has been that many social science scholars ( such as economists, sociologists, and psychologists ) in Western countries focus disproportionately on Western subjects, while anthropology focuses disproportionately on the " other "; this has changed over the last part of the twentieth century as anthropologists increasingly, also study Western subjects, particularly variation across class, region, or ethnicity within Western societies, and other social scientists increasingly take a global view of their fields.
This class is mainly based on enantio-labdatrienonic acids, such as ozic and zanzibaric acids.
An entirely different class of ideas, also termed animistic, is the belief in the world soul anima mundi, held by philosophers such as Schelling and others.
Palamedes, Creugas and Damoxenus, the Combat of Theseus and the Centaur, and Hercules and Lichas may close the class of heroic compositions, although the catalogue might be swelled by the enumeration of various others, such as Hector and Ajax, King Ferdinand of Naples, and others.
In computing and electronic systems, binary-coded decimal ( BCD ) is a class of binary encodings of decimal numbers where each decimal digit is represented by a fixed number of bits, usually four or eight, although other sizes ( such as six bits ) have been used historically.
Schools may also own and operate their own buses for other transport needs, such as class field trips, or to transport associated sports, music or other school groups.
Typical subjects include mining, raising and droving cattle, sheep shearing, wanderings, war stories, the 1891 Australian shearers ' strike, class conflicts between the landless working class and the squatters ( landowners ), and outlaws such as Ned Kelly, as well as love interests and more modern fare such as trucking.
A class of algorithms called SAT solvers can efficiently solve a large enough subset of SAT instances to be useful in various practical areas such as circuit design and automatic theorem proving, by solving SAT instances made by transforming problems that arise in those areas.
Different societies apply different criteria regarding who is classified as " black ", and often social variables such as class and socio-economic status also play a role, so that relatively dark-skinned people can be classified as white if they fulfill other social criteria of " whiteness " and relatively light-skinned people can be classified as black if they fulfill the social criteria for " blackness " in a particular setting.
The critic Michael Medved characterized examples of the " so bad it's good " class of low-budget cult film through books such as The Golden Turkey Awards.
For example, an " X " is used to indicate a variable group amongst a class of compounds ( though usually a halogen ), while " R " is used for a radical, meaning a compound structure such as a hydrocarbon chain.

class and Von
Von NotHaus's email linked to a signup page for a class action lawsuit so that the victims might recover their assets.
In a passage in Chapter Three, the elder Von Ray interprets the tensions in terms of social class, with each major galactic region representing one of the three traditional social classes:
On March 16, 2009, WWE. com announced that the Von Erich family would be inducted into the 2009 class of the WWE Hall of Fame by longtime rival, Michael Hayes.
* In David Brin's The River of Time ( 1986 ), the short story Lungfish-which prominently features Von Neumann probes-mentions a class of probe called Seeders which seem to be a type of self-replicating EIS.
* The class V, the universal class having all possible sets as members, is defined by V is also the Von Neumann universe.

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