After the release of the Apple Lisa computer in January 1983, Apple invested considerable effort in the development of a local area networking ( LAN ) system for the machines.

Wireless broadband is technology that provides high-speed wireless Internet access or computer networking access over a wide area.

Computer networking is sometimes considered a sub-discipline of electrical engineering, telecommunications, computer science, information technology or computer engineering, since it relies upon the theoretical and practical application of these disciplines.

The computer industry is made up of all of the businesses involved in developing computer software, designing computer hardware and computer networking infrastructures, the manufacture of computer components and the provision of information technology services including System Administration and Maintenance.

DARPA has been responsible for funding the development of many technologies which have had a major effect on the world, including computer networking, as well as NLS, which was both the first hypertext system, and an important precursor to the contemporary ubiquitous graphical user interface.

Ethernet is a family of computer networking technologies for local area networks ( LANs ).

* Reliability ( computer networking )

This also applies to data transmission quantities over telecommunication circuits, as the telecommunications and computer networking industries have always used the SI prefixes with their standards-based meaning.

* Ethernet hub, computer networking device

* Head-of-line blocking, a performance-limiting phenomenon in computer networking

Internetworking ( a combination of the words inter (" between ") and networking ; it is not internet-working or international-network ) is the practice of connecting a computer network with other networks through the use of gateways that provide a common method of routing information packets between the networks.

Additionally, both sender and receiver are constrained linguistically by the properties of the internet software, computer hardware and networking hardware linking them.

In March 1982, the US Department of Defense declared TCP / IP as the standard for all military computer networking.

In computer networking, use of NAT ( Network Address Translation ) ( RFC 1918 ) or PAT ( Port Address Translation ) to cope with the shortage of IPv4 addresses is an example of a kludge.

During the same period, Unix computer workstations from vendors such as Sun Microsystems, Hewlett-Packard, Silicon Graphics, Intergraph, NeXT and Apollo were using TCP / IP based networking.

Despite being modest in number ( perhaps 7, 000 units total as of 1988 ), Lisp machines commercially pioneered many now-commonplace technologies – including effective garbage collection, laser printing, windowing systems, computer mice, high-resolution bit-mapped graphics, computer graphic rendering, and networking innovations like CHAOSNet.

These companies introduced the concept of directory services to information technology and computer networking, their input culminating in the comprehensive X. 500 specification, a suite of protocols produced by the International Telecommunication Union ( ITU ) in the 1980s.

In addition to developing the predecessors to modern computing and networking technologies, students, staff, and faculty members at Project MAC, the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, and the Tech Model Railroad Club wrote some of the earliest interactive computer video games like Spacewar!

The game's demo file included information needed for computer networking ; however, to prevent cheating, id warned of legal action for dissemination of the file format.

The term is also used, especially in the description of algorithms, to mean associative array or " abstract array ", a theoretical computer science model ( an abstract data type or ADT ) intended to capture the essential properties of arrays.

The term byte was coined by Dr. Werner Buchholz in July 1956, during the early design phase for the IBM Stretch computer.

Sometimes, especially in computer science, the term is used for any binary function.

The computer term bootstrap began as a metaphor in the 1950s.

However, the distinction between BIOS and EFI is rarely made in terminology by the average computer user, making BIOS a catch-all term for both systems.

Originally the word " broadband " had a technical meaning, but became a marketing term for any kind of relatively high-speed computer network or Internet access technology.

The term computer programmer can refer to a specialist in one area of computer programming or to a generalist who writes code for many kinds of software.

The term programmer can be used to refer to a software developer, software engineer, computer scientist, or software analyst.

* List of computer term etymologies

The term has been in use in the computer industry at least since the early 1960s.

" Since the term " CPU " is generally defined as a device for software ( computer program ) execution, the earliest devices that could rightly be called CPUs came with the advent of the stored-program computer.

Combined with the advent and eventual success of the ubiquitous personal computer, the term CPU is now applied almost exclusively to microprocessors.

The term theoretical chemistry may be defined as a mathematical description of chemistry, whereas computational chemistry is usually used when a mathematical method is sufficiently well developed that it can be automated for implementation on a computer.

This last term (" von Neumann machine ") is less specific and also refers to a completely unrelated computer architecture proposed by von Neumann, so its use is discouraged where accuracy is important.

Each computer acts as both the client and the server which means all the computers on the network are equals, that is where the term peer-to-peer comes from.

Early computer buses were parallel electrical wires with multiple connections, but the term is now used for any physical arrangement that provides the same logical functionality as a parallel electrical bus.

The more general term computer generated imagery encompasses both static scenes and dynamic images, while computer animation only refers to moving images.

More recently, with the advent of personal computing, and the growth of home recording, the term computer music is now sometimes used to describe any music that has been created using computing technology.

In computer and information science contexts, especially, the term ' concept ' is often used in unclear or inconsistent ways.

The earliest known publication of the term mouse as a computer pointing device is in Bill English's 1965 publication " Computer-Aided Display Control ".

Now ubiquitous, in current usage the term " cyberspace " stands for the global network of interdependent information technology infrastructures, telecommunications networks and computer processing systems.

The term computer system security means the collective processes and mechanisms by which sensitive and valuable information and services are protected from publication, tampering or collapse by unauthorized activities or untrustworthy individuals and unplanned events respectively.