* Douglas Engelbart, as an internet pioneer, the inventor of the computer mouse, in human – computer interaction, committed, vocal proponent of the development and use of computers and networks to help cope with the world ’ s increasingly urgent and complex problems

Asynchronous Transfer Mode ( ATM ) is, according to the ATM Forum, " a telecommunications concept defined by ANSI and ITU ( formerly CCITT ) standards for carriage of a complete range of user traffic, including voice, data, and video signals ," and is designed to unify telecommunication and computer networks.

He first gained media attention for breaking into several high-profile computer networks, including those of The New York Times, Yahoo !, and Microsoft, culminating in his 2003 arrest.

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite ( TCP / IP ) to serve billions of users worldwide.

* Hacker ( computer security ), the defeating of security devices in computer networks

Cyberspace is the electronic medium of computer networks, in which online communication takes place.

Now ubiquitous, in current usage the term " cyberspace " stands for the global network of interdependent information technology infrastructures, telecommunications networks and computer processing systems.

it exists entirely within a computer space, distributed across increasingly complex and fluid networks.

Author Bruce Sterling, who popularized this meaning, credits John Perry Barlow as the first to use it to refer to " the present-day nexus of computer and telecommunications networks.

American counterculture exponents like William S. Burroughs ( whose literary influence on Gibson and cyberpunk in general is widely acknowledged ) and Timothy Leary were among the first to extoll the potential of computers and computer networks for individual empowerment.

Computer security is a branch of computer technology known as information security as applied to computers and computer networks.

* Firewalls are systems that help protect computers and computer networks from attack and subsequent intrusion by restricting the network traffic that can pass through them, based on a set of system administrator-defined rules.

" With the progress in technology in the areas of processors, computer memory, computer storage and computer networks, the sizes, capabilities, and performance of databases and their respective DBMSs have grown in orders of magnitudes.

* Fibre Channel director, a large switch for computer storage networks

The word distributed in terms such as " distributed system ", " distributed programming ", and " distributed algorithm " originally referred to computer networks where individual computers were physically distributed within some geographical area.

In addition to ARPANET, and its successor, the Internet, other early worldwide computer networks included Usenet and FidoNet from 1980s, both of which were used to support distributed discussion systems.

This prediction came true at least in part: Doom became a major problem at workplaces, both occupying the time of employees and clogging computer networks with traffic caused by deathmatches.

Expander constructions have spawned research in pure and applied mathematics, with several applications to complexity theory, design of robust computer networks, and the theory of error-correcting codes.

Ethernet is a family of computer networking technologies for local area networks ( LANs ).

This was followed quickly by DEC's Unibus to Ethernet adapter, which DEC sold and used internally to build its own corporate network, which reached over 10, 000 nodes by 1986, making it one of the largest computer networks in the world at that time.

For general computer use access technology such as screen readers, screen magnifiers and refreshable Braille displays has been widely taken up along with standalone reading aids that integrate a scanner, optical character recognition ( OCR ) software, and speech software in a single machine.

In recognition of her additions to Menabrea's paper, which included a way to calculate Bernoulli numbers using the machine, she has been described as the first computer programmer.

This cutting-edge technology has a promising potential of leading a new revolution in science as integrated circuits did in computer developments.

NATO has a standard ballistic model for computer calculations and has expanded the scope of this into the NATO Armaments Ballistic Kernel ( NABK ) within the SG2 Shareable ( Fire Control ) Software Suite ( S4 ).

When AA was ported to the English Electric KDF9 computer, the character set was changed to ISO and that compiler has been recovered from an old paper tape by the Edinburgh Computer History Project and is available online, as is a high-quality scan of the original Edinburgh version of the Atlas Autocode manual.

Computational fluid dynamics was started as an effort to solve for flow properties around complex objects and has rapidly grown to the point where entire aircraft can be designed using a computer, with wind-tunnel tests followed by flight tests to confirm the computer predictions.

ACM also sponsors other computer science related events such as the worldwide ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest ( ICPC ), and has sponsored some other events such as the chess match between Garry Kasparov and the IBM Deep Blue computer.

Today the language has declined in popularity along with the Amiga computer for which it was written.

The electronics industry, which also was configured in the 1980s to serve Soviet markets, has not been able to compete with Western computer manufacturers.

Stroustrup has a master's degree in mathematics and computer science ( 1975 ) from the University of Aarhus, Denmark, and a Ph. D. in computer science ( 1979 ) from the University of Cambridge, England, where he was a student at Churchill College.

* Binary tree, a computer tree data structure in which each node has at most two children

He received his PhD in electrical engineering from Princeton University, where he has held a professorship in the department of computer science since 2000.

The technique described in this paragraph has been replaced by the use of a cross compiler executed by a pre-existing computer.

However, its primary use since at least the late 1980s has been to describe the application of computer science and information sciences to the analysis of biological data, particularly in those areas of genomics involving large-scale DNA sequencing.

More recently, software with similar capabilities has been developed to allow manipulation of digital audio files stored on computers using turntables with special vinyl records ( e. g. Final Scratch, M-Audio Torq, Serato Scratch Live ) or computer interface ( e. g. Traktor DJ Studio, Mixxx, Virtual DJ ).

In computer science, a binary tree is a tree data structure in which each node has at most two child nodes, usually distinguished as " left " and " right ".

Like chess, backgammon has been studied with great interest by computer scientists.

In the past two decades computer analysis has contributed significantly to chess theory as understood by human players, particularly in the endgame.

Combinatorial problems arise in many areas of pure mathematics, notably in algebra, probability theory, topology, and geometry, and combinatorics also has many applications in optimization, computer science, ergodic theory and statistical physics.

The program has an executable form that the computer can use directly to execute the instructions.

Enthusiasts build their systems in order to produce a computer that will out-perform an opponent's computer, thereby " winning " in a contest ; to simply enjoy the best images and effects a new PC game has to offer ; or even simply to obtain the best possible performance at a variety of tasks.