In computing, the Executable and Linkable Format ( ELF, formerly called Extensible Linking Format ) is a common standard file format for executables, object code, shared libraries, and core dumps.

* Flash Translation Layer, a software layer used in computing to support normal file systems with flash memory

Kermit is a computer file transfer / management protocol and a set of communications software tools primarily used in the early years of personal computing in the 1980s ; it provides a consistent approach to file transfer, terminal emulation, script programming, and character set conversion across many different computer hardware and OS platforms.

* Mount ( computing ), the process of making a file system accessible

Octal is sometimes used in computing instead of hexadecimal, perhaps most often in modern times in conjunction with file permissions under Unix systems ( see chmod ).

In computing, plain text is the contents of an ordinary sequential file readable as textual material without much processing, usually opposed to formatted text and to " binary files " in which some portions must be interpreted as binary objects ( encoded integers, real numbers, images, etc.

Many modern computing systems provide wildcard characters in matching filenames from a file system.

It has the disadvantage of losing the more compact, byte-stream-based encoding, but by this point larger storage and transmission capacities made file size less of a concern than in the early days of computing.

By contrast, ext2 and other Berkeley FFS-like file systems of that time simply used a fixed formula for computing inode locations, hence limiting the number of files they may contain.

* Path ( computing ), in computer file systems, the human-readable address of a resource

Depending on the computing service that it offers it could be a database server, file server, mail server, print server, web server, gaming server, or some other kind of server.

* Ogg, a multimedia container file format, in computing

In computing, < tt > diff </ tt > is a file comparison utility that outputs the differences between two files.

Traditionally in modern computing, application software has been distributed to end-users as binary images, which are stored in executables, a specific type of binary file.

In computing, tar ( derived from tape archive ) is both a file format ( in the form of a type of archive bitstream ) and the name of a program used to handle such files.

* Folder ( computing ), a virtual container within a digital file system, in which groups of files and other folders can be kept and organized

In computing, ( directory ) is a command used for file and directory listing, specifically in the command line interface ( CLI ) of these operating systems: RT-11, CP / M, VMS, DOS, OS / 2, Singularity, and Microsoft Windows.

In computing, the working directory of a process is a directory of a hierarchical file system, if any, dynamically associated with each process.

In computing, a symbolic link ( also symlink or soft link ) is a special type of file that contains a reference to another file or directory in the form of an absolute or relative path and that affects pathname resolution.

One of the goals of Jini is to shift the emphasis of computing away from the traditional file system oriented approach to a more network oriented approach.

XMPP applications beyond IM include groupchat, network management, content syndication, collaboration tools, file sharing, gaming, remote systems control and monitoring, geolocation, middleware and cloud computing, VoIP and Identity services.

In computing, an executable file causes a computer " to perform indicated tasks according to encoded instructions ," as opposed to a data file that must be parsed by a program to be meaningful.

Wikimedia Foundation | Wikimedia Server ( computing ) | server s

The client / server model is a computing model that acts as a distributed application which partitions tasks or workloads between the providers of a resource or service, called servers, and service requesters, called clients.

The client – server model has become one of the central ideas of network computing.

Client / server architecture compete with cloud computing.

The vast majority of revenues generated from CPU sales is for general purpose computing, that is, desktop, laptop, and server computers commonly used in businesses and homes.

Other server families also offload I / O processing and emphasize throughput computing.

In computing, the Post Office Protocol ( POP ) is an application-layer Internet standard protocol used by local e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from a remote server over a TCP / IP connection.

The down-side to the use of server-side scripting is that the server website computer needs to provide most of the computing resources before sending a page to the client computer for display via its web browser.

In computing, a name server is a computer server that hosts a network service for providing responses to queries against a directory service.

A system was then designed to enable common computing devices, such as server PCs, to make routing decisions.

* Communications server, carrier-grade computing platform for communications networks

* Binding ( or connecting ) to a server in client – server computing

Fractals are sometimes combined with human-assisted evolutionary algorithms, either by iteratively choosing good-looking specimens in a set of random variations of a fractal artwork and producing new variations, to avoid dealing cumbersome or unpredictable parameters, or collectively, like in the Electric Sheep project, where people use fractal flames rendered with distributed computing as their screensaver and " rate " the flame they are viewing, influencing the server, which reduces the traits of the undesirables, and increases those of the desirables to produce a computer-generated, community-created piece of art.

* Client – server model ( 2-tier, n-tier, Peer-to-peer, cloud computing all use this model )

IBM purchased the company in 1995 for $ 3. 5 billion, primarily to acquire Lotus Notes and to establish a presence in the increasingly important client – server computing segment, which was rapidly making host-based products like IBM's OfficeVision obsolete.

The method used in computing the allotments is specifically set forth in the Act.

The method used for computing the respective Federal and State shares in total program costs is specifically set forth in the Act.

Actually, the engine displacement formula is the standard formula for computing the volume of a cylinder of any type with an added factor that represents the number of cylinders in the engine.

But humans can do something equally useful, in the case of certain enumerably infinite sets: They can give explicit instructions for determining the nth member of the set, for arbitrary finite n. Such instructions are to be given quite explicitly, in a form in which they could be followed by a computing machine, or by a human who is capable of carrying out only very elementary operations on symbols.

This means that the programmer must know a " language " that is effective relative to the target computing agent ( computer / computor ).

The first approach is to compute the statistical moments by separating the data into bins and then computing the moments from the geometry of the resulting histogram, which effectively becomes a one-pass algorithm for higher moments.

In computing, an applet is any small application that performs one specific task that runs within the scope of a larger program, often as a plug-in.

This technique is the most widespread method of computing amplitudes in quantum field theory today.

The speedup of a program using multiple processors in parallel computing is limited by the sequential fraction of the program.

It is often used in parallel computing to predict the theoretical maximum speedup using multiple processors.

The speedup of a program using multiple processors in parallel computing is limited by the time needed for the sequential fraction of the program.

For this reason, parallel computing is only useful for either small numbers of processors, or problems with very high values of P: so-called embarrassingly parallel problems.

The Association for Computing Machinery ( ACM ) is a learned society for computing.

It was founded in 1947 and is the world's largest and most prestigious scientific and educational computing society.

Unlike the IEEE, however, the ACM is solely dedicated to computing.

Although Communications no longer publishes primary research, and is not considered a prestigious venue, many of the great debates and results in computing history have been published in its pages.

ACM – W, the ACM's committee on women in computing, is set up to support, inform, celebrate, and work with women in computing.

It is quite conventional in principle in past and present computing machines of the most varied types, e. g. desk multipliers, standard IBM counters, more modern relay machines, the ENIAC " ( Goldstine and von Neumann, 1946 ; p. 98 in Bell and Newell 1971 ).

A bit ( a contraction of binary digit ) is the basic capacity of information in computing and telecommunications ; a bit can have the value of either 1 or 0 ( one or zero ) only.

In quantum computing, a quantum bit or qubit is a quantum system that can exist in superposition of two bit values, " true " and " false ".

The byte () is a unit of digital information in computing and telecommunications that most commonly consists of eight bits.

Bluetooth is managed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group, which has more than 16, 000 member companies in the areas of telecommunication, computing, networking, and consumer electronics.

The number of legitimate walks and at-bats are known for all players that year, so computing averages using the same method as in other years is straightforward.

In computing and electronic systems, binary-coded decimal ( BCD ) is a class of binary encodings of decimal numbers where each decimal digit is represented by a fixed number of bits, usually four or eight, although other sizes ( such as six bits ) have been used historically.