By contrast, in civil law jurisdictions ( the legal tradition that prevails in, or is combined with common law in, Europe and most non-Islamic, non-common law countries ), courts lack authority to act where there is no statute, and judicial precedent is given less interpretive weight ( which means that a judge deciding a given case has more freedom to interpret the text of a statute independently, and less predictably ), and scholarly literature is given more.

In contrast, institutions and courts have upheld discrimination against whites when it is done to promote a diverse work or educational environment, even when it was shown to be to the detriment of qualified applicants.

In contrast to the Supreme Court, which was established by Article III of the Constitution, the district courts were established by Congress.

In contrast to the other courts of England the law used in ecclesiastical matters is at least partially a civil law system, not common law, although heavily governed by parliamentary statutes.

In contrast, courts can make rulings that bind the parties to whom they relate.

In contrast, the procedure in courts is much less flexible, and there are normally strict rules of evidence to be followed.

In contrast to these claims, evidence exists that Irish courts routinely sent women convicted of petty crimes to the laundries, the government awarded lucrative contracts to the laundries without any insistence on protection and fair treatment of its workers, and Irish state employees helped to keep laundry facilities stocked with workers by bringing women to the laundries and returning escaped workers.

In contrast to Europe, however, the government cannot display religious symbols ( such as the cross ) in public schools, courts and other government offices, although some exceptions are made ( e. g. recognition of a cultural group's religious holiday ).

In contrast, the lower Spanish courts use ordinary ropes to bundle documents as their cases are not supposed to be heard at higher levels.

In contrast, SDP aims to protect individuals against majoritarian policy enactments which exceed the limits of governmental authority — that is, courts find the majority's enactment is not law, and cannot be enforced as such, regardless of how fair the process of enforcement actually is.

Critics argued that the United Kingdom was obligated to make a strong prima facie case to US courts before extradition would be granted, and that, by contrast, extradition from the United Kingdom to the United States was a matter of administrative decision alone, without prima facie evidence.

A clear distinction between " dominion " and " suzerainty " was supplied by the jurisdiction of the courts of law: the law of British India rested upon the legislation enacted by the British Parliament, and the legislative powers those laws vested in the various governments of British India, both central and local ; in contrast, the courts of the Princely States existed under the authority of the respective rulers of those states.

This is in contrast with a contract, which is a promise that courts will enforce.

In contrast with the Dáil government of 1919 – 1922, which had a cabinet, a police force, a courts system etc., the Provisional Government of April 1916 does not appear ever to have operated as such.

The decisions of the courts martial can be appealed to the Court Martial Appeal Court of Canada which, in contrast, exists outside the military and is made up of civilian judges.

In contrast, the U. S. state of New York is known for its permissive filing system, which was modified in 1992 but still largely operates in its traditional form in certain lower courts.

This is in sharp contrast to England and Wales where magistrates courts mainly consist of benches of three lay justices and there are only a minority of paid district judges ( magistrates courts ).

" Fasti dies were the days on which business might be transacted without impiety, in contrast to dies nefasti, days on which assemblies and courts could not convene.

The Court became increasingly popular due to the lack of cost in bringing a case to it and the speed at which it processed them, in contrast with the slow and expensive common law courts, arousing the ire of common law lawyers and judges.

Federal procedure also requires parties to divulge certain information without a formal discovery request, in contrast to many state courts where most discovery can only be had by request.

In contrast, the United States Supreme Court has effectively barred the creation of federal common law in areas traditionally under the authority of state courts.

In contrast, the California Evidence Code, from which the original proposal had been drawn, had expressly codified all evidentiary privileges, so that any further privileges in state courts would have to come from the California State Legislature.

In contrast, their wide geographic dispersion in the fossil record is uncharacteristic of benthic animals, suggesting a pelagic existence.

She bases this reading on Genesis 1, calling that the true record of creation in contrast to Genesis 2, the false record of creation obscuring the true ( which occurred when " a mist went up from the face of the ground ").

In contrast to Connick's previous albums, this album is a collaboration with a record company producer, the multiple Grammy Award winning music executive Clive Davis.

In contrast to the eclectic traditions, Polytheistic Reconstructionists practice culturally-specific, ethnic traditions, basing their practices on the surviving folklore, traditional songs and prayers, as well as reconstructions from the historical record.

" Dawkins therefore commits himself here to an empirical claim about the geological record, in contrast to his earlier claim that, " The paleontological evidence can be argued about, and I am not qualified to judge it.

By contrast, the Indianapolis Colts — among the most successful franchises in any sport during the 2000s with quarterback Peyton Manning — had a 2-14 record in 2011 because of injuries that prevented Manning from playing.

The phonograph patent, in contrast, was unprecedented as describing the first device to record and reproduce sounds.

The accident-free record of United States Navy reactor operations stands in stark contrast to those of America's primary competitor during the Cold War, the Soviet Union, which lost several submarines to reactor accidents in both its haste and chosen priorities for competing with superior U. S. technology.

Wilson's record on secondary education is, by contrast, highly controversial.

In contrast to the Biblical account, it became clear by the 1920s that the idea of an Israelite conquest of Canaan-the story of the book of Joshua-was not supported by the archaeological record.

In contrast to the former PDF, the Panamanian Public Forces is on public record and under control of the executive.

Summers can be hot, with temperatures often approaching or exceeding 30 degrees Celsius ; winters, by contrast, are often bitterly cold-the township of Ranfurly in Central Otago holds the New Zealand record for lowest temperature with a reading of-25. 6 ° C on 18 July 1903.

In contrast to other world newspapers such as The New York Times, Le Monde was traditionally focused on offering analysis and opinion, as opposed to being a newspaper of record.

Upon initial release, Paul's Boutique was alienated commercially for its experimental and dense sampling and lyricism, in contrast to the Beastie Boys ' previous album, Licensed to Ill. Music critic David Handelman called the record a " rap opera.

In contrast with Slapp Happy's song-based music, in 1972 Péron, Sosna and Diermaier also collaborated with the violinist Tony Conrad on Outside the Dream Syndicate ; the record was released in 1973 at a low price in the UK and was, at the time, one of the few available examples of drone-based minimalism.

However Sidney regarded the Republic as vigorously pursuing England's national interests ( in contrast to the Stuart's record of military failure ), writing in his Discourses Concerning Government:

Little is known about her, and her actions and roles are poorly documented in the historical record, in contrast to those of Akhenaten's first ( and chief ) royal wife, Nefertiti.

) By contrast, the National League record is held by nineteenth-century player George Gore with 346 errors and the American League record by Ty Cobb with 271.

** Arthrogram — Diagnostic record that can be seen on an x ray after injection of a contrast fluid into the shoulder joint to outline structures such as the rotator cuff.

" That is, if there is a wild card MX for < tt >*. example. com </ tt >, and an A record ( but no MX record ) for < tt > www. example. com </ tt >, the correct response ( as per RFC 1034 ) to an MX request for < tt > www. example. com </ tt > is " no error, but no data "; this is in contrast to the possibly expected response of the MX record attached to < tt >*. example. com </ tt >.