By contrast, the cursive developed out of the Nabataean alphabet in the same period soon became the standard for writing Arabic, evolving into the Arabic alphabet as it stood by the time of the early spread of Islam.

In contrast to the largely alignment-oriented statistically led methods of Green archaeoastronomy, Brown archaeoastronomy has been identified as being closer to the history of astronomy or to cultural history, insofar as it draws on historical and ethnographic records to enrich its understanding of early astronomies and their relations to calendars and ritual.

Cleveland, however, was relying increasingly on the running game, in contrast to its pass-happy early years under Graham.

In contrast, relatively few crannogs have been excavated since the Second World War, although this number has steadily grown, especially since the early 1980s and may soon surpass pre-war totals.

Balinese caste structure has been described in early 20th century European literature to be based on three categories – triwangsa ( thrice born ) or the nobility, dwijati ( twice born ) in contrast to ekajati ( once born ) the low folks.

By contrast, the Soviet Union's transition was much more problematic and its successor republics faced a sharp decline in GDP during the early 1990s.

In contrast, Zamenhof declared that " Esperanto belongs to the Esperantists ", and moved to the background once the language was published, allowing others to share in the early development of the language.

John, by contrast, puts the Temple incident very early in Jesus ' ministry, has several trips to Jerusalem, and puts the crucifixion immediately before the Passover holiday, on the day when the lambs for the Passover meal were being sacrificed in Temple.

By contrast, the banana companies paid relatively high wages as early as the 1970s.

In stark contrast to earlier opulence, William Poel's 1881 production of the Q1 text was an early attempt at reconstructing the Elizabethan theatre's austerity ; his only backdrop was a set of red curtains.

The formal rule of the proportionally more numerous than in other European countries nobility constituted an early democratic system (" a sophisticated noble democracy "), in contrast to the absolute monarchies prevalent at that time in the rest of Europe.

In contrast to other sectarian teaching, early Hasidism aimed not at dogmatic or ritual reform, but at a deeper psychological one.

In contrast, early European expansion in the " West Indies ", ( later known to Europeans as a separate continent from Asia that they would call the " Americas ") following the 1492 voyage of Christopher Columbus, involved heavy settlement in colonies that were treated as political extensions of the mother countries.

This stood in contrast to the British experience, where moderate New Model Unions dominated the union movement from the mid-19th century and where trade unionism was stronger than the political labour movement until the formation and growth of the Labour Party in the early years of the 20th century.

That was quite a contrast with the earlier recordings, as he had written and co-written the music for much of the band's early material.

This explanation for the radical stylistic shift c. 1520 has fallen out of scholarly favor, though the early Mannerists are still set in stark contrast to High Renaissance conventions ; the immediacy and balance achieved by Raphael's School of Athens, no longer seemed interesting to young artists.

" This is in contrast to the term originally coined by Michael Young in 1958, who critically defined it as a system where " merit is equated with intelligence-plus-effort, its possessors are identified at an early age and selected for appropriate intensive education, and there is an obsession with quantification, test-scoring, and qualifications.

In the early days of punk rock, this ethic stood in marked contrast to what those in the scene regarded as the ostentatious musical effects and technological demands of many mainstream rock bands.

The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, third edition, gives a Middle English quotation making this contrast, from as early as 1400:

" All this would be in contrast, however, with the pope's insistence on bishops knowing Catholic theology and as being contrary to the Catholic teaching on witchcraft or sorcery as also seen in both the Old and New Testaments and early Church councils ( Catholic Encyclopedia, article " Witchcraft ").

The early tradition that expanded upon the Martyrdom to link Polycarp in competition and contrast with John the Apostle who, though many people had tried to kill him, was not martyred but died of old age after being exiled to the island of Patmos, is embodied in the Coptic language fragmentary papyri ( the " Harris fragments ") dating to the 3rd to 6th centuries.

By contrast, civilian rifle design has not significantly advanced since the early part of the 20th century.

Willis drew the contrast that early radical feminism saw itself as part of a broad left politics, whereas much of what succeeded it in the 1970s and early 1980s ( both cultural feminism and liberal feminism ) took the attitude that " left politics were ' male ' and could be safely ignored.

In the early ballads, by contrast, he was a member of the yeoman classes, which included common freeholders possessing a small landed estate.

In contrast, in systems of reincarnation, such as those in the Dharmic tradition, the nature of the continued existence is determined directly by the actions of the individual in the ended life, rather than through the decision of another being.

By contrast, in civil law jurisdictions ( the legal tradition that prevails in, or is combined with common law in, Europe and most non-Islamic, non-common law countries ), courts lack authority to act where there is no statute, and judicial precedent is given less interpretive weight ( which means that a judge deciding a given case has more freedom to interpret the text of a statute independently, and less predictably ), and scholarly literature is given more.

In contrast, most Christian denominations actively seek converts, following the Great Commission, and conversion to Christianity is generally a declaration of faith ( although some denominations view it specifically as adoption into a community of Christ, and orthodox Christian tradition views it as being a literal joining together of the members of Christ's body ).

In contrast to Carnatic music, the other main Indian classical music tradition originating from the South, Hindustani music was not only influenced by ancient Hindu musical traditions, historical Vedic philosophy and native Indian sounds but also enriched by the Persian performance practices of the Mughals.

The description and the tradition provide a contrast between the daemonic and genius within the poem, and Khan is a ruler who is unable to recreate Eden.

Scholars William M. Reynolds and Julie A. Webber have written that Guru Nanak Dev, the founder of the Sikh faith tradition, was a " fighter for women's rights " that was " in no way misogynistic " in contrast to some of his contemporaries.

Both the Rana dynasty and Shah dynasty are Rajput caste in the Hindu tradition, in contrast with the native Himalayan culture which is largely Buddhist and Bön.

Another feature of late 20th century opera is the emergence of contemporary historical operas, in contrast to the tradition of basing operas on more distant history, the re-telling of contemporary fictional stories or plays, or on myth or legend.

In Henry IV Shakespeare portrays him as wild and exotic ; a man ruled by magic and tradition in sharp contrast to the more logical but highly emotional Hotspur.

Canada continues the Westminster tradition of using the title Prime Minister when one is speaking to the federal head of government directly ; this is in contrast to the United States protocol of addressing the federal head of government as mister ( as in, Mister President ).

In contrast, intra-religious pluralism refers to views held by specific schools or denominations within a major faith tradition ( e. g., by Eastern Orthodox Christians ) about the validity or truth of other schools or denominations within the same major faith tradition ( e. g., about Protestant Christianity or Roman Catholic Christianity ).

In contrast to the Imperial military tradition, the nature of the SS was based on an ideology where commitment, effectiveness and political reliability, not class or education, would determine how far they succeeded in the organization.

In more modern works, One hundred years later, sociology sees tradition as a social construct used to contrast past with the present and as a form of rationality used to justify certain course of action.

For artistic endeavors, tradition has been used as a contrast to creativity, with traditional and folk art associated with unoriginal imitation or repetition, in contrast to fine art, which is valued for being original and unique.

" In China the practice represented an indigenous spiritual and moral tradition, a cultural revitalization movement, and drew a sharp contrast to " Marxism with Chinese characteristics ".

In contrast, Cultural Studies was grounded in a pragmatic, liberal-pluralist tradition in the United States ( Lindlof & Taylor, 2002, p.

In contrast, the tradition of ink wash painting, practiced mainly by scholar-officials and especially of landscapes, developed aesthetic values depending on the individual imagination of the artist that are similar to those of the West, but long pre-dated their development there.

In contrast, the original CMH is found in as much as 5 % to 8 % of Jews who have no family tradition of being Kohanim, and only 1. 5 % were found to have the closest match to the most detailed sequence.

Spike and Dru were modeled on Sid Vicious and Nancy Spungen ; punk, " badass " vampires to contrast sharply with the more ceremonial tradition of the Master and the Order of Aurelius from Season One.

In contrast to the Jewish tradition, which uses a term which can be translated as a " box " or " chest " to describe the Ark, surah 29: 14 of the Quran refers to it as a safina, an ordinary ship, and surah 54: 13 describes the ark as " a thing of boards and nails ".

The critic Reyner Banham erroneously dubbed the Smithsons ' pared-down style " the New Brutalism ": Hunstanton doesn't fit this description, which has become a derogatory term, although it is clear that the rigorous Modernism of Hunstanton School is in stark contrast to the more gentle, European tradition that had characterised the Festival of Britain.

This exploitation is in stark contrast to the tradition of Marbout-led Koranic schools which have operated across West Africa for centuries.