In contrast, the Holy See has not questioned the validity of the consecrations that the late Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre performed in 1988 for the service of the relatively numerous followers of the Traditionalist Catholic Society of St. Pius X that he had founded, and of the bishops who, under pressure from the Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association, " have been ordained without the Pontifical mandate and who have not asked for, or have not yet obtained, the necessary legitimation ", and who consequently, Pope Benedict XVI has declared, " are to be considered illegitimate, but validly ordained ".

Another feature of late 20th century opera is the emergence of contemporary historical operas, in contrast to the tradition of basing operas on more distant history, the re-telling of contemporary fictional stories or plays, or on myth or legend.

This stands in sharp contrast to the 1980s, before the fall of the Soviet Union, when Sweden could gather up to 800, 000 men when total mobilization had been declared ; but the importance placed on defensive spending during the Cold War is perhaps best reflected by the fact that Sweden in the late 1950s ran the world's fourth-largest air force.

Uniformitarianism was originally proposed in contrast to catastrophism, which states that the distant past " consisted of epochs of paroxysmal and catastrophic action interposed between periods of comparative tranquility " Especially in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, most geologists took this interpretation to mean that catastrophic events are not important in geologic time ; one example of this is the debate of the formation of the Channeled Scablands due to the catastrophic Missoula glacial outburst floods.

This was what happened in the 1950s when Fanfani was party secretary and the government was led by centre-right figures such as Scelba and Segni and in the late 1970s when Benigno Zaccagnini, a progressive, led the party and Andreotti the government: this custom, in clear contrast with the principles of a Westminster system, deeply weakened the office of the Prime Minister, turning the Italian political system into a particracy ( partitocrazia ).

Some finishing processes may leave a corduroy effect, where the lines of harder late wood contrast with the often paler, softer, early wood.

It has often been said that the Renaissance came late to England, in contrast to Italy and the other states of continental Europe ; the fine arts in England during the Tudor and Stuart eras were dominated by foreign and imported talent — from Hans Holbein the Younger under Henry VIII to Anthony van Dyck under Charles I.

By contrast, from late May to early August the days are long.

For example, a major character from the game is killed off in the first few moments of the film and it takes place in the 2070s, in stark contrast to the games, which take place in the late 2030s-early 2040s and it acts like a OVA.

Most of Anouilh's plays of the late 1940s and into the 1950s become darker and distinctly cruel and, in contrast with his earlier works, begin to feature middle-aged characters who must view life more practically than Anouilh's former idealistic youths.

Foreigners noted how even as late as the 1940s newsreel images of King Victor Emanuel and Queen Elena, born Princess Elena of Montenegro, evoked applause, sometimes cheering, when played in cinemas, in contrast to the hostile silence shown toward images of Fascist leaders.

While the pace of conversion was relatively swift in Britain — with over 60 percent of theaters equipped for sound by the end of 1930, similar to the U. S. figure — in France, by contrast, more than half of theaters nationwide were still projecting in silence by late 1932.

Hutton argues that Dickens sought to construct Christmas as a self-centred festival of generosity, in contrast to the community-based and church-centred observations, the observance of which had dwindled during the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

In stark contrast to the resettlements in 1939 – 1941, this time around the evacuation in most of the areas was delayed until the last moment, when it was too late to conduct it in an orderly fashion, and practically all of them had to leave most of their belongings behind.

' ) This contrast and utter disproportion greatly occupied these philosophers in the philosophemes of the Eleatics, in Plato's doctrine of the Ideas, in the dialectic of the Megarics, and later the scholastics in the dispute between nominalism and realism, whose seed, so late in developing, was already contained in the opposite mental tendencies of Plato and Aristotle.

This is in contrast to the pattern which developed late in the 20th century in both television and radio, where small slices of time were sold to many sponsors and no corporation claimed or wanted sponsorship of the entire show, except in rare cases.

In contrast to its heyday, when it featured saloons open 24 hours and numerous houses of prostitution, Tombstone is now a staid community with few businesses open late.

With a total lack of figurative representation, what drama there is to be found in a late Rothko is in the contrast of colors, radiating, as it were, against one another.

The territory of Oklahoma was not settled until the late 19th century, in contrast to neighboring Texas and Kansas, because it had originally been marked off as a giant Indian Reservation.

# By contrast, the mill was producing over 200 tons of paper a day by the late 1980s.

He has been described as a modernist, a neoclassicist, a composer of " an Olympian blend of humanity and detachment " whose, " expressive voice was always carefully muted ," until his late opera Lord Byron which, in contrast to all his previous work, exhibited an emotional content that rises to, " moments of real passion ", and a neoromantic.

Danish music: In contrast to its neighbors, Denmark did not see a roots revival until to the late 1990s, when performers like Morten Alfred Høirup gained a widespread following in the country.

In contrast to the historical Xuanzang, a wise and learned scholar ( he was in his late 20s when he left for India ), the fictional Xuanzang is presented as a young monk who is extremely naive, showing idealistic compassion without wisdom.

By contrast, the Sierra was never sold in Australia, as there was less demand for a medium-sized wagon than in New Zealand, although the RS Cosworth / RS500 was used in the Australian Touring Car Championships from the late 80's and early 90's.

By the standards of 19th century tycoons, Carnegie was not a particularly ruthless man but a humanitarian with enough acquisitiveness to go in the ruthless pursuit of money ; on the other hand, the contrast between his life and the lives of many of his own workers and of the poor, in general, was stark.

This format, a contrast to the Encyclopædia Britannica, was widely imitated by later 19th century encyclopedias in Britain, the United States, France, Spain, Italy and other countries.

Operetta grew out of the French opéra comique around the middle of the 19th century, to satisfy a need for short, light works in contrast to the full-length entertainment of the increasingly serious opéra comique.

In the early 19th century, many Russian artists, officers and nobles were sent into exile in Siberia for their part in the Decembrist revolt against Tsar Nicholas I. Irkutsk became the major center of intellectual and social life for these exiles, and much of the city's cultural heritage comes from them ; many of their wooden houses, adorned with ornate, hand-carved decorations, survive today, in stark contrast with the standard Soviet apartment blocks that surround them.

His name fell into neglect during the 19th century, with Robert Schumann notoriously opining that " as a creative musician he remained very far behind his father "; in contrast, Johannes Brahms held him in high regard and edited some of his music.

Yet in stark contrast with this positive view, research on the history of the metronome and its influence on performance practice reveals criticisms of metronome use, and highlights differences of " performance practice " and cultural perception / values between the current modern European / Western society ( which values the metronome ), and the same society during previous times ( beginning of the 19th century and earlier: classical / romantic / baroque eras etc.

This combined style, of the formal with the informal, exemplified by brick paths, softened by billowing herbaceous borders, full of lilies, lupins, delphiniums, and lavender was in direct contrast to the very formal bedding schemes favoured by the previous generation in the 19th century.

Though the word antonym was only coined by philologists in the 19th century, such relationships are a fundamental part of a language, in contrast to synonyms, which are a result of history and drawing of fine distinctions, or homonyms, which are mostly etymological accidents or coincidences.

The qualifier " new " is to contrast with the earlier wave of European colonization from the 15th to early 19th centuries.

By contrast, the social action in the 19th century was in all cases greatly influenced by popular feeling and, in some instances, popular agitation.

Dispensationalism, in contrast to the Millerite Adventist movement, had its beginning in the 19th century, when John Nelson Darby, founder of the Plymouth Brethren religious denomination, incorporated into his system of Biblical interpretation a system of organizing Biblical time into a number of discrete dispensations, each of which marks a separate covenant with God.

" So while the depth of the African-American work song traditions is now recognized, in the early 19th century they stood in stark contrast to the paucity of such traditions among Euro-Americans.

The term " homosexuality " was invented in the 19th century, with the term " heterosexuality " invented later in the same century to contrast with the earlier term.

As a result of excavations in the late 19th century, archaeologist Rodolfo Lanciani concluded that Agrippa's Pantheon was oriented so that it faced south, in contrast with the current layout that faces northwards, and that it had a shortened T-shaped plan with the entrance at the base of the " T ".

In the 19th century, it was fashionable to contrast the western, Roman focus on infantry and discipline with the eastern, exotic use of war elephants that relied merely on fear to defeat their enemy.

The meaning is explicitly left to the common law under the main statute, the Employment Rights Act 1996 section 230, and has developed according to the classical 19th century contrast between a contract ‘ of service ’ and one ‘ for services ’.

Two of the most important figures in U. S. politics in the first half of the 19th century, Clay and Webster, arguably in contrast to the 1850s generation of leaders, shared a predisposition to compromises marked by a passionate patriotic devotion to the Union.

Stevens revived the idea of a power law suggested by 19th century researchers ( in contrast with the Weber-Fechner log-linear function ).

A popular contrast between shall and will appeared in the 19th Century, in the 20th century, and continues to the present ::

" In the United States, in contrast with almost every other organized denomination, the Society of Friends ( Quakers ) has allowed women to serve as ministers since the early 19th century.

This format, a contrast to the Encyclopædia Britannica, was widely imitated by later 19th century encyclopedias in Britain and the United States.