GMR ( cryptography ) •

* GMR ( cryptography ), a digital signature algorithm

The latter is more cumbersome to use, so it's only employed when necessary, for example in the analysis of arbitrary-precision arithmetic algorithms, like those used in cryptography.

In cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm operating on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks, with an unvarying transformation that is specified by a symmetric key.

In cryptography, a cipher ( or cypher ) is an algorithm for performing encryption or decryption — a series of well-defined steps that can be followed as a procedure.

In non-technical usage, a " cipher " is the same thing as a " code "; however, the concepts are distinct in cryptography.

* symmetric key algorithms ( Private-key cryptography ), where the same key is used for encryption and decryption, and

In cryptography, key size or key length is the size measured in bits of the key used in a cryptographic algorithm ( such as a cipher ).

It is one of the earliest practical examples of key exchange implemented within the field of cryptography.

The introduction of DES is considered to have been a catalyst for the academic study of cryptography, particularly of methods to crack block ciphers.

" An astonishing share of the open literature in cryptography in the 1970s and 1980s dealt with the DES, and the DES is the standard against which every symmetric key algorithm since has been compared.

Elliptic curve cryptography ( ECC ) is an approach to public-key cryptography based on the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields.

Public-key cryptography is based on the intractability of certain mathematical problems.

Elliptic curve cryptography is vulnerable to a modified Shor's algorithm for solving the discrete logarithm problem on elliptic curves.

In cryptography, encryption is the process of transforming information ( referred to as plaintext ) using an algorithm ( called a cipher ) to make it unreadable to anyone except those possessing special knowledge, usually referred to as a key.

The result of the process is information ( in cryptography, referred to as ciphertext ).

Factorization of large integers is believed to be a computationally very difficult problem, and the security of many modern cryptography systems is based upon its infeasibility.

The Communications-Electronics Security Group ( CESG ) of GCHQ provides assistance to government departments on their own communications security: CESG is the UK national technical authority for information assurance, including cryptography.

Although related, the distinctions among these measures mean that a random variable with high Shannon entropy is not necessarily satisfactory for use in an extractor and so for cryptography uses.

Information security uses cryptography to transform usable information into a form that renders it unusable by anyone other than an authorized user ; this process is called encryption.

In cryptography, the International Data Encryption Algorithm ( IDEA ) is a block cipher designed by James Massey of ETH Zurich and Xuejia Lai and was first described in 1991.

The presumed difficulty of this problem is at the heart of widely used algorithms in cryptography such as RSA.

This will have significant implications for cryptography if a large quantum computer is ever built.

The problem often arises in resource allocation where there are financial constraints and is studied in fields such as combinatorics, computer science, complexity theory, cryptography and applied mathematics.

The need to break German codes in World War II led to advances in cryptography and theoretical computer science, with the first programmable digital electronic computer being developed at England's Bletchley Park.

Since the 1970s, a large number and variety of encryption, digital signature, key agreement, and other techniques have been developed in the field of public-key cryptography.

Another type of application in public-key cryptography is that of digital signature schemes.

Stunnel uses public-key cryptography with X. 509 digital certificates to secure the SSL connection.

Public-key cryptography is a cryptographic technique that enables users to securely communicate on an insecure public network, and reliably verify the identity of a user via digital signatures.

In cryptography, a public key certificate ( also known as a digital certificate or identity certificate ) is an electronic document which uses a digital signature to bind a public key with an identity — information such as the name of a person or an organization, their address, and so forth.

The ASF container can optionally support digital rights management using a combination of elliptic curve cryptography key exchange, DES block cipher, a custom block cipher, RC4 stream cipher and the SHA-1 hashing function.

Microsoft's operating systems require all cryptography suites that work with its operating systems to have a digital signature.

In order to use a digital signature, one must use a combination of cryptography and a message digest.

In cryptography, certificate authority, or certification authority, ( CA ) is an entity that issues digital certificates.

Topics include primarily political and technical aspects of the digital world ( freedom of information, data privacy ( data protection ), closed-circuit television, personal privacy ( personal rights ), cryptography and many more ).

In September 2011, he started OneID which is creating a user-centric Internet-scale digital identity system that uses public key cryptography to replace usernames and passwords with a single, stable, secure, digital identity that preserves privacy and is compatible with the NSTIC goals.

Legal documents, various financial instruments and sensitive information are routinely sent by courier, reflecting a distrust of digital cryptography.

Levy details the emergence of public key cryptography, digital signatures and the struggle between the NSA and the cypherpunks.

In cryptography a blind signature as introduced by David Chaum is a form of digital signature in which the content of a message is disguised ( blinded ) before it is signed.

In cryptography, a Schnorr signature is a digital signature produced by the Schnorr signature algorithm.

In cryptography, a trusted third party ( TTP ) is an entity which facilitates interactions between two parties who both trust the third party ; The Third Party reviews all critical transaction communications between the parties, based on the ease of creating fraudulent digital content.

* Ancillary cryptography items are the ones primarily used not for computing and communications, but for digital right management ; games, household appliances ; printing, photo and video recording ( but not videoconferencing ); business process automation ; industrial or manufacturing systems ( including robotics, fire alarms and HVAC ); automotive, aviation and other transportation systems.

The SKE itself is based on the Diffie-Hellman key exchange algorithm ( a form of asymmetric cryptography ) and the exchange is protected with digital signatures.

Notable for the use of cryptography to support digital offers and digital receipts with useful properties for ecommerce applications.