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In cryptography, a stream cipher is a symmetric key cipher where plaintext digits are combined with a pseudorandom cipher digit stream ( keystream ).
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cryptography and stream
In cryptography, RC4 ( also known as ARC4 or ARCFOUR meaning Alleged RC4, see below ) is the most widely used software stream cipher and is used in popular protocols such as Secure Sockets Layer ( SSL ) ( to protect Internet traffic ) and WEP ( to secure wireless networks ).
As with other attacks in cryptography, stream cipher attacks can be certificational, meaning they aren't necessarily practical ways to break the cipher but indicate that the cipher might have other weaknesses.
Another advantage of stream ciphers in military cryptography is that the cipher stream can be generated in a separate box that is subject to strict security measures and fed to other devices, e. g. a radio set, which will perform the xor operation as part of their function.
* In cryptography, the Salsa family of stream ciphers, particularly Salsa20
In modern cryptography, self-synchronizing stream ciphers are autokey ciphers.
In cryptography, a rotor machine is an electro-mechanical stream cipher device used for encrypting and decrypting secret messages.
The ASF container can optionally support digital rights management using a combination of elliptic curve cryptography key exchange, DES block cipher, a custom block cipher, RC4 stream cipher and the SHA-1 hashing function.
An analysis of an older scheme used in WMA reveals that it is using a combination of elliptic curve cryptography key exchange, DES block cipher, a custom block cipher, RC4 stream cipher and the SHA-1 hashing function.
In modern cryptography, symmetric key ciphers are generally divided into stream ciphers and block ciphers.
In cryptography, SEAL ( Software-Optimized Encryption Algorithm ) is a very fast stream cipher optimised for machines with a 32-bit word size and plenty of RAM.
In cryptography, the shrinking generator is a form of pseudorandom number generator intended to be used in a stream cipher.
* MAG ( cryptography ), a stream cypher
In cryptography, WAKE is a stream cipher designed by David Wheeler in 1993.
In cryptography, mod n cryptanalysis is an attack applicable to block and stream ciphers.
: For the British code-word for World War II German stream cipher teleprinter secure communications devices, see Fish ( cryptography ).
* Fish ( cryptography ) ( sometimes FISH ), British codeword for World War II German stream cipher teleprinter secure communications devices
In cryptography, MUGI is a pseudorandom number generator ( PRNG ) designed for use as a stream cipher.
cryptography and cipher
In cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm operating on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks, with an unvarying transformation that is specified by a symmetric key.
In cryptography, a cipher ( or cypher ) is an algorithm for performing encryption or decryption — a series of well-defined steps that can be followed as a procedure.
In non-technical usage, a " cipher " is the same thing as a " code "; however, the concepts are distinct in cryptography.
In cryptography, key size or key length is the size measured in bits of the key used in a cryptographic algorithm ( such as a cipher ).
In cryptography, encryption is the process of transforming information ( referred to as plaintext ) using an algorithm ( called a cipher ) to make it unreadable to anyone except those possessing special knowledge, usually referred to as a key.
In cryptography, the International Data Encryption Algorithm ( IDEA ) is a block cipher designed by James Massey of ETH Zurich and Xuejia Lai and was first described in 1991.
The polyalphabetic cipher was, at least in principle, for it was not properly used for several hundred years, the most significant advance in cryptography since before Julius Caesar's time.
* Block cipher modes of operation, in cryptography
* MARS ( cryptography ), a block cipher that was IBM's submission to the Advanced Encryption Standard process.
The term cypherpunk, derived from cipher and punk, was coined by Jude Milhon as a pun to describe cyberpunks who used cryptography.
In the history of cryptography, Typex ( alternatively, Type X or TypeX ) machines were British cipher machines used from 1937.
In cryptography, a substitution cipher is a method of encryption by which units of plaintext are replaced with ciphertext, according to a regular system ; the " units " may be single letters ( the most common ), pairs of letters, triplets of letters, mixtures of the above, and so forth.
In cryptography, a transposition cipher is a method of encryption by which the positions held by units of plaintext ( which are commonly characters or groups of characters ) are shifted according to a regular system, so that the ciphertext constitutes a permutation of the plaintext.
In other words, two successive applications of ROT13 restore the original text ( in mathematics, this is sometimes called an involution ; in cryptography, a reciprocal cipher ).
In cryptography, Triple DES is the common name for the Triple Data Encryption Algorithm ( TDEA or Triple DEA ) block cipher, which applies the Data Encryption Standard ( DES ) cipher algorithm three times to each data block.
In cryptography, a Caesar cipher, also known as Caesar's cipher, the shift cipher, Caesar's code or Caesar shift, is one of the simplest and most widely known encryption techniques.
cryptography and is
The latter is more cumbersome to use, so it's only employed when necessary, for example in the analysis of arbitrary-precision arithmetic algorithms, like those used in cryptography.
* symmetric key algorithms ( Private-key cryptography ), where the same key is used for encryption and decryption, and
It is one of the earliest practical examples of key exchange implemented within the field of cryptography.
The introduction of DES is considered to have been a catalyst for the academic study of cryptography, particularly of methods to crack block ciphers.
" An astonishing share of the open literature in cryptography in the 1970s and 1980s dealt with the DES, and the DES is the standard against which every symmetric key algorithm since has been compared.
Elliptic curve cryptography ( ECC ) is an approach to public-key cryptography based on the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields.
Public-key cryptography is based on the intractability of certain mathematical problems.
Elliptic curve cryptography is vulnerable to a modified Shor's algorithm for solving the discrete logarithm problem on elliptic curves.
The result of the process is information ( in cryptography, referred to as ciphertext ).
Factorization of large integers is believed to be a computationally very difficult problem, and the security of many modern cryptography systems is based upon its infeasibility.
The Communications-Electronics Security Group ( CESG ) of GCHQ provides assistance to government departments on their own communications security: CESG is the UK national technical authority for information assurance, including cryptography.
Although related, the distinctions among these measures mean that a random variable with high Shannon entropy is not necessarily satisfactory for use in an extractor and so for cryptography uses.
Information security uses cryptography to transform usable information into a form that renders it unusable by anyone other than an authorized user ; this process is called encryption.
The presumed difficulty of this problem is at the heart of widely used algorithms in cryptography such as RSA.
This will have significant implications for cryptography if a large quantum computer is ever built.
The problem often arises in resource allocation where there are financial constraints and is studied in fields such as combinatorics, computer science, complexity theory, cryptography and applied mathematics.
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