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cryptography and zero-knowledge
* A gentle introduction to zero-knowledge proofs with applications to cryptography
In cryptography, a zero-knowledge password proof ( ZKPP ) is an interactive method for one party ( the prover ) to prove to another party ( the verifier ) that it knows a value of a password, without revealing anything other than the fact that it knows that password to the verifier.

cryptography and proof
A central problem with the use of public-key cryptography is confidence ( ideally, proof ) that a particular public key is correct, and belongs to the person or entity claimed ( i. e. is " authentic "), and has not been tampered with, or replaced by, a malicious third party ( a " man-in-the-middle ").
* Zero-knowledge proof, a concept from cryptography, an interactive method for one party to prove to another that a ( usually mathematical ) statement is true, without revealing anything other than the veracity of the statement

cryptography and protocol
* Quantum cryptography protocol, a protocol for encrypting messages
* Socialist Millionaire Problem, a protocol in cryptography for two parties to verify the identity of the remote party through the use of a shared secret
In cryptography, a key-agreement protocol is a protocol whereby two or more parties can agree on a key in such a way that both influence the outcome.
* neural cryptography # Neural key exchange protocol
* Voice over Internet protocol ( VOIP ) vs. conventional telephony: Although conventional telephony systems are easily tapped and recorded, modern VOIP technology can employ low cost strong cryptography to evade surveillance.
It uses SSL / TLS to protect communications with web servers using strong cryptography when using the HTTPS protocol.
* Replay attack, in cryptography, an attack where an adversary interferes with a cryptographic protocol by inserting ( a part of ) a message that has been sent previously in a protocol run
In cryptography, security ( engineering ) protocol notation is a way of expressing a protocol of correspondence between entities of a dynamic system, such as a computer network.
" Kak's three stage protocol " is a protocol for quantum cryptography suggested by Kak.
In cryptography, the Zimmermann – Sassaman key-signing protocol is a protocol to speed up the public key fingerprint verification part of a key signing party.
* Oblivious transfer, a type of cryptography protocol
In cryptography, an oblivious transfer protocol ( often abbreviated OT ) is a type of protocol in which a sender transfers one of potentially many pieces of information to a receiver, but remains oblivious as to what piece ( if any ) has been transferred.
In cryptography, Merkle's Puzzles is an early construction for a public-key cryptosystem, a protocol devised by Ralph Merkle in 1974 and published in 1978.
The FIREFLY protocol uses public key cryptography to exchange keys between two participants of a secured call.
In cryptography, a private information retrieval ( PIR ) protocol allows a user to retrieve an item from a server in possession of a database without revealing which item she is retrieving.
In 1984, together with Charles H. Bennett, he invented the BB84 protocol for quantum cryptography.
* Zimmermann – Sassaman key-signing protocol, in cryptography

cryptography and is
The latter is more cumbersome to use, so it's only employed when necessary, for example in the analysis of arbitrary-precision arithmetic algorithms, like those used in cryptography.
In cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm operating on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks, with an unvarying transformation that is specified by a symmetric key.
In cryptography, a cipher ( or cypher ) is an algorithm for performing encryption or decryption — a series of well-defined steps that can be followed as a procedure.
In non-technical usage, a " cipher " is the same thing as a " code "; however, the concepts are distinct in cryptography.
* symmetric key algorithms ( Private-key cryptography ), where the same key is used for encryption and decryption, and
In cryptography, key size or key length is the size measured in bits of the key used in a cryptographic algorithm ( such as a cipher ).
It is one of the earliest practical examples of key exchange implemented within the field of cryptography.
The introduction of DES is considered to have been a catalyst for the academic study of cryptography, particularly of methods to crack block ciphers.
" An astonishing share of the open literature in cryptography in the 1970s and 1980s dealt with the DES, and the DES is the standard against which every symmetric key algorithm since has been compared.
Elliptic curve cryptography ( ECC ) is an approach to public-key cryptography based on the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields.
Public-key cryptography is based on the intractability of certain mathematical problems.
Elliptic curve cryptography is vulnerable to a modified Shor's algorithm for solving the discrete logarithm problem on elliptic curves.
In cryptography, encryption is the process of transforming information ( referred to as plaintext ) using an algorithm ( called a cipher ) to make it unreadable to anyone except those possessing special knowledge, usually referred to as a key.
The result of the process is information ( in cryptography, referred to as ciphertext ).
Factorization of large integers is believed to be a computationally very difficult problem, and the security of many modern cryptography systems is based upon its infeasibility.
The Communications-Electronics Security Group ( CESG ) of GCHQ provides assistance to government departments on their own communications security: CESG is the UK national technical authority for information assurance, including cryptography.
Although related, the distinctions among these measures mean that a random variable with high Shannon entropy is not necessarily satisfactory for use in an extractor and so for cryptography uses.
Information security uses cryptography to transform usable information into a form that renders it unusable by anyone other than an authorized user ; this process is called encryption.
In cryptography, the International Data Encryption Algorithm ( IDEA ) is a block cipher designed by James Massey of ETH Zurich and Xuejia Lai and was first described in 1991.
The presumed difficulty of this problem is at the heart of widely used algorithms in cryptography such as RSA.
This will have significant implications for cryptography if a large quantum computer is ever built.
The problem often arises in resource allocation where there are financial constraints and is studied in fields such as combinatorics, computer science, complexity theory, cryptography and applied mathematics.

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