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endemic and communities
Divided by language, customs, and tradition, some of these communities have engaged in endemic warfare with their neighbors for centuries.
These springs supported a variety of endemic invertebrates ( molluscs, for example ), and supported extensive Aboriginal communities and trade routes.
Relict forests retain endemic fauna and flora in communities of great value in inferring the palaeontological succession and climate change that followed the breakups of the supercontinents.
Systematic screening of at-risk communities is the best approach, because case-by-case screening is not practical in endemic regions.
These communities provide fruit more suited to non-endemic native birds and naturalised birds, than to endemic birds.
Similar descriptions of the loss of forest and destruction of fragile ecosystems could be provided from the Amazon Basin, by large scale state sponsored colonization forest land ( Becker 1995, 61 ) or from the Central Africa where what endemic armed conflict is destabilizing rural settlement and farming communities on a massive scale.
Relict forests retain endemic fauna and flora in communities of great value in inferring the palaeontological succession and climate change that followed the breakups of the supercontinents.
The strategy for eliminating transmission of lymphatic filariasis is mass distribution of medicines that kill the microfilariae and stop transmission of the parasite by mosquitoes in endemic communities.
During submersible dives, communities comprising large fields of small bivalves ( dead and alive ), large siboglinid tube worms, isolated or forming dense aggregations, large sponges, and associated endemic fauna were observed in various cold seep habitats associated with carbonate crusts at 1, 700 – 2, 000 m depth.
Seep communities in the Mediterranean that include endemic chemosynthetic species and associated fauna differ from the other known seep communities in the world at the species level but also by the absence of the large size bivalve genera Calyptogena or Bathymodiolus.
Many Indian communities perceived the wars as a kind of endemic warfare with European and American settlers that spanned several generations.
Since a remote origin, they were in many cases archaic populations isolated and diversified in species on islands and tropical mountains, sustaining endemic communities of fauna and flora associated.
These sporadic ranges have been separated by large areas of land for millennia and many have evolved their own unique endemic species and communities.
In a short time, Esdaile had gained a wide reputation amongst the European and indigenous communities for painless surgery, especially in cases of the scrotal " tumours " that were endemic in Bengal at that time due to filariasis ( similar to elephantiasis ) that was transmitted by mosquitoes.
Latter endemic community rich in submediterranean species has evolutional parallels with Bosnian Pine communities.
As of 2009, tungiasis is present worldwide in 88 countries with varying degrees of incidence .< ref name =" gideononline ">" Tungiasis < Worldwide >.” www. gideononline. com .</ ref > This disease is of special public health concern in highly endemic areas like Nigeria, Trinidad, Tobago, and Brazil where its prevalence, especially in poor communities, has been known to approach 50 %.

endemic and approximately
The infection is endemic in West African countries, and causes 300, 000 – 500, 000 cases annually, with approximately 5, 000 deaths.
Among these ecoregions, the Lower Congo Rapids alone has more than 300 fish species, including approximately 80 endemics while the southwestern part ( Kasai Basin ) alone has about 200 fish species, of which about a quarter are endemic.
The west African species Pitcairnia feliciana is the only bromeliad not endemic to the Americas, and is thought to have reached Africa via long-distance dispersal approximately 12 million years ago .< ref name = Givnish >
Homotherium is an extinct genus of machairodontine saber-toothed cats, often termed scimitar cats, endemic to North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and Africa during the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs ( 5 mya – 10 000 years ago ), existing for approximately.
In contrast, though southern New Mexico is considered an endemic region, there were 35 cases in the entire state in 2008, and 23 in 2007, in a region that had an estimated 2008 population of 1, 984, 356 for an incidence of approximately 1 in 56, 695.
Acheronodon is a genus of herbivorous arboreal mammal which belongs to the family Microcosmodontidae and which was endemic to North America during the Early Paleocene subepoch ( 65 — 56. 8 mya ) and in existence for approximately.
The White Cockatoo, Cacatua alba ( also known as the Umbrella Cockatoo or U2 ), is a medium-sized, approximately long cockatoo endemic to the islands of Halmahera, Bacan, Ternate, Tidore, Kasiruta and Mandiole in North Maluku, Indonesia.
The disease is now endemic in possums across approximately 38 % of New Zealand ( known as ‘ vector risk areas ’).
Merychippus is an extinct proto-horse of the family Equidae that was endemic to North America during the Miocene from 20. 43 — 10. 3 Ma living for approximately.
Warfare was endemic in early Anglo-Saxon England, and major conflicts still occurred approximately every generation in the later period.
A study revealed that F. buski was an endemic in central Thailand, effecting approximately 2, 936 people due to infected aquatic plants called water caltrops and the snail hosts which were associated with them.
The Nimravidae, sometimes known as false saber-toothed cats, are an extinct family of mammalian carnivores belonging to the suborder Feliformia and endemic to North America, Europe, and Asia living from the Eocene through the Miocene epochs ( 42 — 7. 2 mya ), existing for approximately.
Almost all of the approximately 90 species are endemic to Australia, with the single exception of Myrmecia apicalis from New Caledonia, where it is rare.
The American lion ( Panthera leo atrox or P. atrox ) — also known as the North American lion, Naegele ’ s giant jaguar or American cave lion — is an extinct lion of the family Felidae, endemic to North America and northwestern South America during the Pleistocene epoch ( 0. 34 mya to 11, 000 years ago ), existing for approximately.
Moropus ( meaning " slow foot ") is an extinct genus of mammal, belonging to a group called chalicotheres, which were perissodactyl (" odd-toed ") mammals, endemic to North America during the Miocene from ~ 23. 0 — 13. 6 Mya, existing for approximately.
Entelodonts, sometimes nicknamed hell pigs or terminator pigs, is an extinct family of pig-like omnivores endemic to forests and plains of North America, Europe, and Asia from the middle Eocene to early Miocene epochs ( 37. 2 — 16. 3 mya ), existing for approximately.
Miracinonyx ( American cheetahs ) is an extinct genus of the family Felidae, endemic to North America during the Pleistocene epoch ( 1. 8 mya — 11, 000 years ago ), existing for approximately.
Fruitafossor was a termite-eating mammal endemic to North America during the Late Jurassic epoch ( 155. 7 — 150. 8 mya ), existing for approximately.
Entelodon ( synonym = " Elotherium "), is a genus of Entelodontidae endemic to Europe, Eurasia, Asia from the early Oligocene living 37. 2 — 28. 4 mya, existing approximately.
Smilodontini is an extinct tribe of " saber-toothed cats ", contained within the Machairodontinae subfamily of the Felidae endemic to South America, North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa living during the Miocene to Pleistocene from 10. 3 mya — 11, 000 years ago, existing for approximately.
The northern Juniper-Hagenia woodlands harbor the largest population of the endemic and similarly endangered mountain nyala, estimated to be approximately two-thirds of the global population.
Ectoconus is an extinct genus of terrestrial herbivorous mammal of the family Periptychidae, endemic to North America during the Early Paleocene subepochs ( 65 — 63. 3 mya ) existing for approximately.
Bako is home to approximately 150 endangered proboscis monkeys, which are endemic to Borneo, and has been called " the best place to see proboscis monkeys in Sarawak ".
Procamelus is an extinct genus of terrestrial herbivore the family Camelidae, endemic to North America from the Oligocene through Miocene 20. 6 — 4. 9 mya, existing for approximately.

endemic and 10
Chagas disease affects eight to 10 million people living in endemic Latin American countries, with an additional 300, 000 – 400, 000 living in nonendemic countries, including Spain and the United States.
In 2011 Conservation International listed the top 10 most endangered forests, characterized by having all lost 90 % or more of their original habitat, and each harboring at least 1500 endemic plant species ( species found nowhere else in the world ).
In countries such as Singapore, where dengue is endemic, the risk is estimated to be between 1. 6 and 6 per 10, 000 transfusions.
Rodents first arrived in Australia 5 – 10 MYA, undergoing a wide radiation to produce the species collectively known as the ' old endemic ' rodents.
Today, the countries of the old IndoChina ( Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos ) still have endemic strongyloidiasis, typical prevalences being 10 % or less.
Megatherium inhabited woodland and grassland environments of the lightly wooded areas of South America where it was an endemic species, as recently as 10, 000 years ago.
This saber-toothed cat was endemic to North and South America, living during the Pleistocene epoch ( 2. 5 mya — 10, 000 years ago ).
Many of the species are endemic to the Salween and the river also has one of the most diverse ranges of turtles, with between 10 and 15 species catalogued.
Hepatitis B is endemic in mainland China, with about 10 % of the population contracting the disease.
There is a rich Adiantum flora in New Zealand with 3 endemic species ( A. cunninghamii, A. viridescens and A. fulvum ) in a total of 10 recorded species.
The endemic freshwater shrimp Caridina singhalensis is found only in streams that have a temperature of less than 15 degrees C and is now restricted to only a stretch of 10 km of one stream.
The birdlife of Samoa includes a total of 82 species, of which 10 are endemic, found only in Samoa.
Of the 178 recorded species of birds, 10 are endemic to Buru and nearby islands: Buru Racket-tail ( Prioniturus mada ), Black-lored Parrot ( Tanygnathus gramineus ), Blue-fronted Lorikeet ( Charmosyna toxopei ), Buru Honeyeater ( Lichmera deningeri ), Buru Cuckooshrike ( Coracina fortis ), Streaky-breasted Jungle-flycatcher ( Rhinomyias addita ), Madanga ( Madanga ruficollis ), Buru White-eye ( Zosterops buruensis ), Tawny-backed Fantail ( Rhipidura superflua ) and Black-tipped Monarch ( Monarcha loricatus ).
Mountain nyala are endemic to the Ethiopian highlands southeast of the Rift Valley, between 6 ° N and 10 ° N.
The ecoregion also supports a rich fauna, which is also high in endemism: of 78 mammal species, 10 are endemic, along with 42 % of the fishes, 48 % of the reptiles, and 75 % of the amphibians.
Fundulus waccamensis Fundulidae benthopelagic 10 TL 3. 0 endemic
In addition, the monotypic genus Tachycnemis occurs on the Seychelles Islands, and the genus Heterixalus ( currently 10 species ) is endemic to Madagascar.
Puriri is endemic to New Zealand and can be found in the upper half of the North Island from North Cape to the Waikato and Upper Thames, and from thence in small numbers southwards to Mahia Peninsula ( 39 ° 10 ′ S ) on the east coast and Cape Egmont ( 39 ° 27 ′ S ) on the west ( rare inland south of latitude 37 ).
It is native to eastern and southeastern Asia including the Philippines with 10 species ( 9 of which are endemic ), eastern Africa ( including Madagascar ), northern Australia, Polynesia, and Micronesia.
In a study done on schoolchildren in the Republic of São Tomé and Principe in western Africa – where S. intercalatum and S. haematobium are endemic – the only schistosome present in the sample was S. intercalatum, an overall prevalence of 10. 9 % in stool specimens.
Scientists estimate the island's native vascular plants to be between 25 and 30 species, 10 of them endemic to Ascension ( Ashmole 2000, Gray et al.

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