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expert and system
" She is an expert on nearly everything and plans to create the perfect filing system.
Legal scholar Jim Drennan, an expert on the court system at the Institute of Government at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, told the Winston-Salem Journal in a 2007 interview that the ability to use this form of guilty plea as an option in courts had a far-reaching effect throughout the United States.
The idea of creating artificial intelligence led some computer scientists to believe that teachers could be replaced by computers, through something like an expert system ; however, attempts to accomplish this have predictably proved inflexible.
According to Susanne Wiborg, an expert on comparative education, Sweden's voucher system introduced in 1992 has " augmented social and ethnic segregation, particularly in relation to schools in deprived areas.
Another example from computer science is that an expert system may be taught by a human and thereafter considered an expert, often outperforming human beings at particular tasks.
Expertise consists of those characteristics, skills and knowledge of a person ( that is, expert ) or of a system, which distinguish experts from novices and less experienced people.
In artificial intelligence, an expert system is a computer system that emulates the decision-making ability of a human expert.
An expert system has a unique structure, different from traditional programs.
It is divided into two parts, one fixed, independent of the expert system: the inference engine, and one variable: the knowledge base.
To run an expert system, the engine reasons about the knowledge base like a human.
The French Prolog computer language, designed in 1972, marks a real advance over expert systems like Dendral or Mycin: it is a shell, that is to say a software structure ready to receive any expert system and to run it.
Universities offered expert system courses and two thirds of the Fortune 1000 companies applied the technology in daily business activities.
To avoid re-inventing the wheel, expert system shells were created that had more specialized features for building large expert systems.
In 1986, a new expert system generator for PCs appeared on the market, derived from the French academic research: Intelligence Service, sold by GSI-TECSI software company.
Rules express the knowledge to be exploited by the expert system.
The expert system that uses that logic is also called a zeroth-order expert system.

expert and technology
* 1971 – James Kim, American journalist and technology expert ( d. 2006 )
Funded by a US Air Force grant, an expert system-based application ( hprcARCHITECT ) that generates computer programs for mixed processor technology ( FPGA / GPU / Multicore ) systems without a need for technical specialists has recently been commercially introduced.
The spectrum of their activities ranges from simple classroom presentation to 15. 000-visitors space exhibitions, from expert reports for the Austrian Federal Ministry for Technology to space technology transfer activities for terrestrial applications.
The Russian chemist and science historian Lev Chugaev has characterized him as " a chemist of genius, first-class physicist, a fruitful researcher in the fields of hydrodynamics, meteorology, geology, certain branches of chemical technology ( explosives, petroleum, and fuels, for example ) and other disciplines adjacent to chemistry and physics, a thorough expert of chemical industry and industry in general, and an original thinker in the field of economy.
The daughter of former dissident Hal Mellanby, Dayna is an expert in weapons technology.
Frederick " Fred " A. Leuchter, Jr. is an American Federal Court qualified expert in execution technology and author of forensic Holocaust denial material.
The CIO position is as much about anticipating trends in the market place with regards to technology as it is about ensuring that the business navigates these trends through expert guidance and proper strategic IT planning that is aligned to the corporate strategy of the organization.
Also, regular contributors to the show include toy enthusiast Chris Byrne, style maven Lawrence Zarian, animal expert Peter Gros, automotive expert Alan Taylor, pediatrician Greg Yapalater, home and gardening show host Katie Brown, technology specialist Leo Laporte, entrepreneur Carley Roney, Science Bob, veterinarian Jennifer Jellison, and nutrition expert Wendy Bazilian.
( e ) employ personnel who possess the expert knowledge, experience, and qualifications necessary for the services provided, in particular competence at managerial level, expertise in electronic signature technology and familiarity with proper security procedures ; they must also apply administrative and management procedures which are adequate and correspond to recognised standards ;
Some of this technology was used in landmark legal cases where BBN scientists were expert witnesses.
The objective of the method was to combine expert opinions on likelihood and expected development time, of the particular technology, in a single indicator.
Edited by climate and energy expert Joseph J. Romm, the blog discusses climate science, climate and energy technology solutions and political news related to climate change.
He has also been a guest technology expert on numerous talk radio programs in local markets across the U. S. and Canada.
The mission of the Naval Center for Space Technology ( NCST ), headquartered in Washington, D. C. with additional sites at Pomonkey, Maryland, Blossom Point, Maryland and the Midway Research Center, Virginia, is to preserve and enhance a strong space technology base and provide expert assistance in the development and acquisition of space systems for naval missions.
The first versions of CLIPS were developed starting in 1985 at NASA-Johnson Space Center ( as an alternative for existing system ART * Inference ) until the mid 1990s when the development group's responsibilities ceased to focus on expert system technology.
In 2003, he married his third wife Idit Harel Caperton, an Israeli, MIT PhD, education technology expert, mother of three, and the Founder and CEO of MaMaMedia.
An Irish radio expert disputed whether a remote-controlled explosive device was technically feasible with then-current technology, casting doubt on the justification given.
He's an expert in all areas of compiler technology, including front ends, optimizers, code generation, interpreter engines and runtime libraries.
Nevertheless, Operation Lindbergh proved that the technology exists today to enable delivery of expert care to remote areas of the globe.
* Kvasir ( voiced by Morris Chapdelaine ) An Asgard scientist and expert in time-dilation technology.
It is often for this reason that large marketing organizations engage the use of an expert in marketing process strategy and information technology ( IT ), or a marketing IT process strategist.

expert and knowledge
It was a difficult and ambiguous kind of negotiation, even though the rancher was said to be expert in his knowledge of the aborigines and their language.
They depend on my supposedly expert knowledge of a trade of which they themselves know little.
Generals were elected not only because their role required expert knowledge but also because they needed to be people with experience and contacts in the wider Greek world where wars were fought.
* Individuals ( commonly referred as gurus and infotainers ) that pass out advice as these specialists play an important role in society, disseminating expert knowledge to those without time or inclination to become the same.
Stoker's Dr. Abraham Van Helsing is a direct parallel to Le Fanu's vampire expert Baron Vordenburg: both characters used to investigate and catalyse actions in opposition to the vampire, and symbolically represent knowledge of the unknown and stability of mind in the onslaught of chaos and death.
He is a world-renowned geneticist, a leading expert in mutation, possesses considerable knowledge of various life sciences, and is the inventor of Cerebro.
An expert, more generally, is a person with extensive knowledge or ability based on research, experience, or occupation and in a particular area of study.
An expert can be, by virtue of credential, training, education, profession, publication or experience, believed to have special knowledge of a subject beyond that of the average person, sufficient that others may officially ( and legally ) rely upon the individual's opinion.
Research in this area attempts to understand the relation between expert knowledge and exceptional performance in terms of cognitive structures and processes.
Thus, instead of using rules they no longer remember, as knowledge engineers suppose, the expert is forced to remember rules they no longer use.
… No amount of rules and facts can capture the knowledge an expert has when he or she has stored experience of the actual outcomes of tens of thousands of situations.
In contrast, patient testimonials, case reports, and even expert opinion ( however some critics have argued that expert opinion " does not belong in the rankings of the quality of empirical evidence because it does not represent a form of empirical evidence " and continue that " expert opinion would seem to be a separate, complex type of knowledge that would not fit into hierarchies otherwise limited to empirical evidence alone.
An expert witness, professional witness or judicial expert is a witness, who by virtue of education, training, skill, or experience, is believed to have expertise and specialised knowledge in a particular subject beyond that of the average person, sufficient that others may officially and legally rely upon the witness's specialized ( scientific, technical or other ) opinion about an evidence or fact issue within the scope of his expertise, referred to as the expert opinion, as an assistance to the fact-finder.
Expert systems are designed to solve complex problems by reasoning about knowledge, like an expert, and not by following the procedure of a developer as is the case in conventional programming.
This software showed a radical innovation: it used propositional logic (" Zeroth order logic ") to execute expert systems, reasoning on a knowledge base written with everyday language rules, producing explanations and detecting logic contradictions between the facts.
The whole problem of expert systems is to collect this knowledge, usually unconscious, from the experts.

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