The first theory about software was proposed by Alan Turing in his 1935 essay Computable numbers with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem ( decision problem ).

One of the most influential contributions to this question was an essay written in 1950 by pioneering computer scientist Alan Turing, titled Computing Machinery and Intelligence.

Turing gave a succinct definition of the experiment in his 1948 essay, " Intelligent Machinery ".

The essay discussed A. E. Housman's homosexuality and his love for Jackson.

Category came into use with Aristotle's essay Categories, in which he discussed univocal and equivocal terms, predication, and ten categories:

Shortly after, Rudolf Arnheim discussed the effects of microphonic recording in an essay entitled Radio, published in 1936.

The essay, which marked the first time that McVeigh publicly discussed the Oklahoma City bombing, continued:

The separation from his mother had a traumatic effect on the young Thackeray which he discussed in his essay " On Letts's Diary " in The Roundabout Papers.

The concepts themselves arose at a late stage in the development of Freud's thought: the " structural model " ( which succeeded his " economic model " and " topographical model ") was first discussed in his 1920 essay " Beyond the Pleasure Principle " and was formalised and elaborated upon three years later in his " The Ego and the Id ".

In an essay written at the time, Stein discussed the complex efforts humorously, involving much letter writing and Victorian niceties, to extricate Levy from Toklas ' living arrangements.

It was also discussed by Peter S. Fosl in his essay titled " The Moral Imperative to Rebel Against God ".

pp. 2058 – 2070 and references therein ) it may be said that it was the best essay on war produced by a soldier during a period in which tactics were discussed even in the salon and military literature was more abundant than at any time up to 1871.

Baldwin's next book-length essay, No Name in the Street, also discussed his own experience in the context of the later 1960s, specifically the assassinations of three of his personal friends: Medgar Evers, Malcolm X, and Martin Luther King, Jr.

In a famous essay, Worldliness and Other-Worldliness, George Eliot discussed his " radical insincerity as a poetic artist.

In his essay The Genesis of Secrecy, British literary critic Frank Kermode discussed Green's novel Party Going and suggested that behind its realistic surface the book hides a complex network of mythical allusions.

In 1921, Schmitt became a professor at the University of Greifswald, where he published his essay Die Diktatur ( on dictatorship ), in which he discussed the foundations of the newly-established Weimar Republic, emphasising the office of the Reichspräsident.

* Author Neal Stephenson discussed the issue of fine-tuning in the conclusion to his essay In the Beginning ... was the Command Line.

Perhaps one of the most influential ideas, discussed in an essay in the first volume of Michtav me-Eliyahu entitled Kuntres ha-Chesed ( Heb.

The idea of immensely powerful computing devices was discussed in an essay by Nick Bostrom in The Philosophical Quarterly.

Heinlein's use of sexuality is discussed in an essay entitled " The Embarrassments of Science Fiction " by SF writer Thomas Disch.

The Alderson disk is discussed in Larry Niven's " Bigger than Worlds " essay, 1974, which can be found in his Playgrounds of the Mind anthology.

He discussed transmutation with his friend Joseph Dalton Hooker, who read the essay in 1847.

The essay, written in harsh tones, listed what Caragiale saw as the major social problems tolerated by Romanian administrations: he discussed the landowning class, successor to the boyars, having maintained as much possible from the legacy of serfdom ; he noted that, while the commerce was dominated by foreigners, the administration was gripped by a no longer aristocratic oligarchy and its far-reaching political machine.

Essays from The Smart Set, Village Voice, and The Writer and Tim Pratt's fanzine Flytrap were compiled, along with original material, into the writing handbook Starve Better in 2011, and published by Apex Publications His essay " The Term Paper Artist " originally from The Smart Set, about his experiences as an academic ghostwriter for pay, has been discussed on National Public Radio, and reprinted in a pair of textbooks, both published by Nelson Education.

The book is punctuated by guest contributions, including one essay and four commissioned games, each discussed alongside various prototype materials.

A few months after the publication of Newton's article, Lerone Bennett responded with an essay on the film in Ebony, titled " The Emancipation Orgasm: Sweetback in Wonderland ," in which he discussed the film's " black aesthetic ".

Leo Tolstoy discussed the philosophy of Might Is Right in his 1897 essay What Is Art?

Like he had with montages of landscapes and indigenous art, Marker created a film essay that contrasts and juxtaposes a variety of lives with his signature commentary ( spoken by Marker's friends, singer-actor Yves Montand in the French version and Simone Signoret in the English version ).

Proudhon's entry, titled De la Célébration du dimanche, essentially used the essay subject as a pretext for discussing a variety of political and philosophical ideas, and in it one can find the seeds of his later revolutionary ideas.

This essential argument echoes Baldwin's declaration that, " As long as you think you are white, there's no hope for you ," in an essay in which he acknowledges a variety of European cultures, a multiracial American culture, but no white culture per se which can be distinguished from the maintenance of racism.

The sources cover a variety of topics, and the essay does not need to be law-related.

In addition, each issue includes an open essay section, in which a wide variety of global issues are discussed.

During eighth grade, students participate in a variety of activities that prepare them for the rigorous high school application process including mock interviews, application essay writing and guides for effective shadow experiences.

Kind Words from the Broken Hearted covers a variety of topics related to the Cribs, whether in essay or review form, interview and pieces of artwork, or through illustration, poetry, verse and lyrics.

The third essay concerned different species of crops, and its publication increased the variety of crops grown in the challenging New England climate.

What did Pearson say about Bridget Sullivan as a possible suspect in his trial-book essay??

William Drummond of Hawthornden, in an essay On the Character of a Perfect Anagram, tried to lay down permissible rules ( such as S standing for Z ), and possible letter omissions.

According to Richard I. Pervo, " Townsend's methodologically adventurous but ultimately cautious essay is another valuable lesson in the danger of establishing the date of Acts – or any work – by arguing for the earliest possible time of origin.

In an essay posted on the Edge website, Dennett gives his firsthand account of his health problems, his consequent feelings of gratitude towards the scientists, cardiologist, surgeons, EMTs, phlebotomists, orderlies, housekeepers, physician assistants, X-ray technicians, meal-bringers, launderers, physical therapists, perfusionist, neurologist, and nurses whose hard work made his recovery possible, and his complete lack of a " deathbed conversion ".

In an essay The Alien Encounter Professor Patrick Parrinder's states that " any meaningful act of defamiliarization can only be relative, since it is not possible for man to imagine what is utterly alien to him ; the utterly alien would also be meaningless.

Amy Devitt further expands on the concept of culture in her 2004 essay, " A Theory of Genre " by adding “ culture defines what situations and genres are likely or possible ” ( Devitt 24 ).

The context of the initial presentations of AAH ( a popular essay and a political text ) diverted attention away from the possible scientific merits of the hypothesis.

The essay examines issues of project ownership and transfer, as well as investigating possible anthropological roots of the gift culture in open source as contrasted with the exchange culture of closed source software.

In Democracy and Liberty, an essay published in 1998, Cohen reiterated many of these points, also emphasizing the concept of " reasonable pluralism " – the acceptance of different, incompatible worldviews and the importance of good faith deliberative efforts to ensure that as far as possible the holders of these views can live together on terms acceptable to all.

Some standardized tests have short-answer or essay writing components that are assigned a score by independent evaluators who use rubrics ( rules or guidelines ) and benchmark papers ( examples of papers for each possible score ) to determine the grade to be given to a response.

Adams presented a general theory of electricity and, in line with George IIIs interest in the practical applications of science, an essay detailing its possible medical uses.

Freud would later also mention as a possible influence an essay by Ludwig Börne, suggesting that to foster creativity you ' write down, without any falsification or hypocrisy, everything that comes into your head '.

King expands on this thought in his essay for Adeline Magazine, " On Becoming a Brand Name " ( February 1980 ): " I began to turn the idea over in my mind, and it began to coalesce into a possible novel.

Asking if it were possible to predict if the wartime alliance would fall apart within a matter of months, leaving in its place nearly a half century of cold war, Gaddis wrote in a 1997 essay, " Geography, demography, and tradition contributed to this outcome but did not determine it.

In an essay called “ The Formalist Critics ,” he says that “ the formalist critic assumes an ideal reader: that is, instead of focusing on the varying spectrum of possible readings, he attempts to find a central point of reference from which he can focus upon the structure of the poem or novel ” ( qtd.

The subject is assessed by a recorded presentation and a 1500 word essay, the final score, together with the extended essay, influences 3 points of the overall 45 possible total score.

Kant's essay also addressed the causes of a lack of enlightenment and the preconditions necessary to make it possible for people to enlighten themselves.

It was the discovery that it was possible in nonfiction, in journalism, to use any literary device, from the traditional dialogisms of the essay to stream-of-consciousness ...

In September 1838 he conceived his theory of natural selection as the cause of evolution, then as well as developing his career as a geologist and writer worked privately on finding evidence and answering possible objections, and set out his ideas in an essay written in 1844.

The essay ends with a reminder that the peace at home is not possible without the sacrifices from the " most beloved people ".

One possible idea by this essay is to agree ahead of time that following attainment of a final status agreement there will be a negotiated detailed and staged implementation agreement which would define a process which would allow the creation of a stable functional Palestinian state in stages and over time.

A warning of possible impending nuclear holocaust, in essay and verse.