There are similarities and differences between such figures in reports about Basilides ' teaching, ancient Gnostic texts, the larger Greco-Roman magical traditions, and modern magical and esoteric writings.

) It explores the views of the rabbis in the Mishnah, Talmud and Midrash about the nature of Torah, the revelation of God to mankind, prophecy, and the ways that Jews have used scriptural exegesis to expand and understand these core Jewish texts.

Moreover, early Christian Church Fathers used canon to rank the authoritative texts of the New Testament, preserving them, given the expense of vellum and papyrus and mechanical book reproduction, thus, being comprehended in a canon ensured a book ’ s preservation as the best way to retain information about a civilization.

As far back as the early 2nd century, there is evidence that the codex — usually of papyrus — was the preferred format among Christians: in the library of the Villa of the Papyri, Herculaneum ( buried in AD 79 ), all the texts ( Greek literature ) are scrolls ( see Herculaneum papyri ); in the Nag Hammadi " library ", secreted about AD 390, all the texts ( Gnostic Christian ) are codices.

Other than the Bible, the majority of the LDS canon constitutes revelation dictated by Joseph Smith and includes commentary and exegesis about the Bible, texts described as lost parts of the Bible, and other works believed to be written by ancient prophets.

These patrons were intrigued by the novelty of a female writer and had her compose texts about their romantic exploits.

This distinction had previously contributed to debate in the early Church about whether they should be read in the churches and thus be classified as canonical texts.

It was about then that Aristophanes of Byzantium compiled an edition of all the extant plays of Euripides, collated from pre-Alexandrian texts, furnished with introductions and accompanied by a commentary that was ' published ' separately.

Eusebius got his information about what texts were accepted by the third-century churches throughout the known world, a great deal of which Origen knew of firsthand from his extensive travels, from the library and writings of Origen.

Some of the goals of feminist theology include increasing the role of women among the clergy and religious authorities, reinterpreting male-dominated imagery and language about God, determining women's place in relation to career and motherhood, and studying images of women in the religion's sacred texts and matriarchal religion.

The Hittite language ( or Nesili ) is recorded fragmentarily from about the 19th century BC ( in the Kültepe texts, see Ishara ).

We have little information about the early condition of the Homeric poems, but in the second century BC, Alexandrian editors stabilized this text from which all modern texts descend.

In the 3rd century of Islam ( from 225 / 840 to about 275 / 889 ), six hadith experts composed brief works recording a selection of about two-to five-thousand such texts which they felt to have been most soundly documented or most widely referred to in the Muslim scholarly community.

There is a very great emphasis on humility in the practice of the Jesus Prayer, great cautions being given in the texts about the disaster that will befall the would-be Hesychast if he proceeds in pride, arrogance or conceit.

Their web page includes most of Aasens ' texts numerous other examples of Nynorsk literature ( in Nettbiblioteket ), and some articles, also in English, about language history in Norway.

He described Gnostic groups as sexual libertines, for example, when some of their own writings advocated chastity more strongly than did orthodox texts-yet the gnostic texts cannot be taken as guides to their actual practices, about which almost nothing is reliably known today.

There are about 170 extant Latin translations of Josephus, some of which go back to the sixth century, and according to Louis Feldman have proven very useful in reconstructing the Josephus texts through comparisons with the Greek manuscripts, reconfirming proper names and filling in gaps.

Jewish Apocalyptic literature of the Hellenistic period includes many ancient texts with narratives about Jacob, many times with details different from Genesis.

* BrownPride. com at BrownPride. com-A collection of texts and links about Latin rap.

Very little information was available about homosexuality beyond medical and psychiatric texts.

Regardless of the lack of information about homosexuality in scholarly texts, another forum for learning about lesbianism was growing.

In the absence of Lombardic texts, it is not possible to draw any conclusions about the language's morphology and syntax.

Hindu religious texts contain account of saints and hermits practicing what would be called inedia, breatharianism or Sustenance through Light in modern terms.

In his life, Zhu Xi was largely ignored, but not long after his death his ideas became the new orthodox view of what Confucian texts actually meant.

In opposing interpretations of the Bible that are supportive of homosexual relationships, conservative Christians have argued for the reliability of the Bible, and the meaning of texts related to homosexual acts, while often seeing what they call the diminishing of the authority of the Bible by many homosexual authors as being ideologically driven.

Some scholars have suggested that some ancient and religious texts bear similarities to what would later be called detective fiction.

Throughout the 1960s and early to mid-1970s, American scholar Bertrand Harris Bronson published an exhaustive, four-volume collection of the then-known variations of both the texts and tunes associated with what came to be known as the Child Canon.

He was aware that the Council of Jamnia, or mainstream rabbinical Judaism, had rejected the Septuagint as valid Jewish scriptural texts because of what were ascertained as mistranslations along with its Hellenistic heretical elements.

Availability of WYSIWYG (" what you see is what you get ") publishing software supplanted much use of these languages among casual users, though serious publishing work still uses markup to specify the non-visual structure of texts, and WYSIWYG editors now usually save documents in a markup-language-based format.

Sources for an understanding of dance in Europe in the Middle Ages are limited and fragmentary, being composed of some interesting depictions in paintings and illuminations, a few musical examples of what may be dances, and scattered allusions in literary texts.

Eusebius got his information about what texts were then accepted and what were then disputed, by the third-century churches throughout the known world, a great deal of which Origen knew of firsthand from his extensive travels, from the library and writings of Origen.

Philology's interest in ancient languages led to the study of what were, in the 18th century, " exotic " languages, for the light they could cast on problems in understanding and deciphering the origins of older texts.

From that time, scholars began to study the ancient Roman legal texts, and to teach others what they learned from their studies.

In the Talmud, a central post-exilic religious text of Judaism, Samaritan claim of ancestral origin was disputed, and in those texts they are called Cutheans (, Kuthim ), referring to the ancient city of Cuthah ( Kutha ), geographically located in what is today Iraq.

Norman Beck, professor of theology and classical languages at Texas Lutheran University, has proposed that Christian lectionaries remove what he calls "… the specific texts identified as most problematic …".

Beck identifies what he deems to be offensive passages in the New Testament and indicates the instances in which these texts or portions thereof are included in major lectionary series.

Historians have no literature, no texts of religion or philosophy ; therefore much of what is known about this civilization is derived from grave goods and tomb findings.

Galas ' performance consisted of covering her body in cattle blood and reinterpreting biblical texts and classic literature ; she said it was a protest against what she saw as the ignorance and condemnation towards people with AIDS from religious and political groups.

Ferrabosco's motets provided direct models for Byrd's Emendemus in melius ( a5 ), O lux beata Trinitas ( a6 ), Domine secundum actum meum ( a6 ) and Siderum rector ( a5 ) as well as a more generalized paradigm for what Joseph Kerman has called Byrd's ' affective-imitative ' style, a method of setting pathetic texts in extended paragraphs based on subjects employing curving lines in fluid rhythm and contrapuntal techniques which Byrd learnt from his study of Ferrabosco.

* Jansenism Resources: Primary texts and discussions relating to the theology and history of Jansenism: context of Augustine of Hippo, Jesuit Order, liturgy, universalism and Second Vatican Council This site is maintained by a very conservative movement that challenges much of what the modern Roman Catholic church teaches and appears to be sympathetic to some Jansenist ideas.

He achieved this by conducting thorough, careful, sensitive, and yet transformational readings of philosophical and literary texts, to determine what aspects of those texts run counter to their apparent systematicity ( structural unity ) or intended sense ( authorial genesis ).

The original texts of Shakespeare's plays do not have cast lists, and can sometimes be inconsistent about what they call characters, but he is a particularly awkward case.

During the first two centuries of the Common Era, an entire series of magical texts were written in what scholars term Old Coptic, Egyptian language texts written in the Greek alphabet.